Unit 14 Festivals教学重、难点讲解 |
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Unit 14 Festivals 本单元教学重、难点讲解 1.Compare a Chinese festival with a festival from another country. 把中国的一个节日同另一个国家的节日进行比较。 ①compare…with…把……与……相比。如: It is necessary to compare English with Chinese in English study. 学英语时有必要把英语和汉语进行比较。 ②compare A to B除表达“把A和B做比较外”,更常表达“把A比作B,把A比喻成B”。如: Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亚把世界比作一个大舞台。 注意:compared to和compared with通常可以通用,用作句子状语,可以放在句首,也可放在句末,意为“与……相比”,“与……比起来”。如: It was a small place then compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还是一个小地方。 Compared to/with many people, she was indeed lucky. 和许多人相比,她确实幸运。 2.If you don’t know of any festivals from other countries, you can ask your teacher for ideas. 如果你不了解他国的任何节日,可以向老师请教。 ①know of意为“听说过,知道有”,指间接从别人那里听说而了解到,后接人时只表示知道有这个人的存在。 know意为“认识、知道”,指认识某人,知道有事,是对某人、某事直接的了解和认识,后接人时表示认识此人。 know about也可表达间接地了解或知道,意为“了解”,“知道……的情况”。后接人时表示了解此人。如: To know everything is to know nothing.样样通,样样松。 I know of a shop where you can get things like that. 我知道有一家商店可以买到这类东西。 I happened to know about him.我正好了解他的一些情况。 ②ask sb. for…请求某人做某事,向某人要某物。如: You can ask me for help whenever necessary. 不论何时需要,你都可以向我求助。 The little child is always asking his father for money. 那小孩总不断地向他父亲要钱。 注意:ask for sth.意为“要得到某物;ask for sb.意为“找某人,要见某人”。如: He sat down and asked for a cup of coffee. 他坐下来要了一杯咖啡。 Somebody is asking for you.有人要见你。 3.People celebrate Mardi Gras by dressing up in costumes. 人们穿上盛装,庆祝油腻的礼拜二。 ①dress up穿上盛装,打扮。如: You don’t need to dress up for this dinner. 这次去吃饭你不必穿正式的服装。 I don’t want to go to their wedding because I hate dressing up. 我不想去参加他们的婚礼,因为我讨厌打扮。 dress up后面接in,表示“穿……服装打扮”;接as,表示“打扮成……”。例如: I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing. 我只是喜欢穿古装的那种情趣。 这个小女孩打扮成一个天使。 另外,我们常用be dressed in表示“穿……”。例如: She is always dressed in white. 她总是穿白色的服装。 ②celebrate与congratulate的辨析 celebrate表达“庆祝、祝贺”之意,限于用事,如节日、胜利、结婚纪念、生日等。是指以仪式、典礼等活动庆祝令人欢乐的事或日子。 congratulate指对人进行祝贺,常构成短语congratulate sb. on sth.表达“为某事而祝贺某人”。 4.Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African-Americans. Kwanzaa是一个七天的节日,庆祝非裔美国人的文化历史。 ①seven-day是一个复合词,起形容词作用。注意day不用复数。又如: the tenth five-year plan第十个五年计划; a two-hour drive开车两小时 ②句中的celebrating…是现在分词短语,作后置定语,其意思相当于which celebrates…类似结构的句子在文章中还有,如:The week following Christmas Day. 5.…,many African-American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past. …,很多非裔的美国家庭聚集在一起迎接新年,回味过去的岁月。 get together常指非正式地“聚会;联欢”,不及物动词短语,后面可接动词不定式或相应的介词短语作状语。例如: It’s a long time since I got together with her. 我好久没有和她见面了。 The students of these four classes got together for an English evening. 这四个班的学生在一起开了一次英语晚会。 6.The African first fruit festivals had many things in common. 非洲人最初的收获节有许多共同之处。 in common意为“共有的”、“共同的”,通常用于构成以下短语: have…in common(with…)和某人有……共同之处 in common with…和……一样。如: They found they had a lot in common and got on well. 他们两人发现有很多共同之处,说得很投机。 In common with many other boys, he is into computer games. 同很多其他男孩一样,他迷恋电脑游戏。 注意:在have…in common with…结构中,have之后可用表程度的代词,如:something, nothing, a lot, a little, little等。例如: I have nothing in common with you. 我与你没有一点共同之处。 7.People would get together to celebrate their harvest; they used to give thanks for their harvests and for life… 人们聚会欢庆收获,对收成和人生表示感恩,…… would是情态动词,表示“过去常常……”常与often, frequently, sometimes, for hours等连用。如: When I was a child, I would often go skiing. 我小时候常去滑雪。 used to与would的辨析 used to表过去持续的状态或情况,客观地陈述相当期间的规则行为。其含义是现在动作或习惯已不存在,不能与表一段时间的状语连用,但可跟状态性动词。 would表过去不大规则的行为,常与often, sometimes, frequently, for hours等词连用,但不与表状态的动词连用。如: He used to be a worker.(√) He would be a worker.(×) There used to be an old temple on the hill.( 从前山上有座庙。) She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all. 她总是一连几个小时坐在那儿,什么也不做。 8.The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the new year. 这些节日是纪念历史文化的方式和庆祝新年的一种方法。 ①注意句中的history, culture前不用冠词。一般来说,表示概念性或学科性的抽象名词前不用冠词。但如果带有限制性的后置修饰成分,应该使用定冠词。 比较:American history和the history of America. ②as well as表示“与……一样好”,其中的well是副词。此处是并列连词,意思是“不但……而且”。as well as后可以跟名词、代词、形容词、介词和从句等。当其并列两个主语时,谓语动词与前者保持人称和数的一致。例如: The girl is lively as well as healthy.(连接两个表语) 这女孩既健康又活泼。 He wants a pen as well as a pencil.(连接两个宾语) The teacher as well as all the students enjoys English classes.(连接两个主语) 9.We have to build our own lives, think for ourselves and speak for ourselves. for oneself意思为“亲自、独自”“为自己”。 oneself可和不同介词搭配构成不同短语: by oneself= alone独自地、单独地 of oneself自动地 in oneself本身,本来 to oneself专对,专为……单独所有 come to oneself苏醒,恢复意识 be oneself身体/头脑正常,行动自然 10.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful. 我们必须尽力使我们的社区更好、更美丽。 as…as we can是一个比较状语从句,意思为“尽可能 ,尽力”,相当于as…as possible, to make our community better and more beautiful是不定式短语,在句中作目的状语。 注意:情态动词can, could和不定式不属于同一个意群。由例句可以看出,不定式为主句的一部分,作目的状语;而can, could为状语从句谓语动词的一部分,其后已承前省略了动词原形,所以不要再把can, could与不定式混同为“情态动词后接动词原形”。如: I’ll do as much as I can to help him.我将尽我所能来帮助他。 (can之后已省略动词原形do,to help him作目的状语) 11.We should believe in our family, our people, our teachers and our leaders. 我们应该信任我们的家人,我们的人民,我们的老师,以及我们的领导。 believe in常见的有三种含义: ①信任(某人)He is an honest man . I believe in him. ②信仰I believe in God.我信仰上帝。 ③相信……的价值或用处He believes in getting plenty of exercise. 他相信多做运动必有好处。 12.Creating a new festival may seem an unusual way to celebrate history and culture, but we are in fact all creating new festivals every year. 创立一个新节日,也许看起来像一种不同寻常的庆祝历史和文化的方式,但实际上我们每年都在创立新的节日。 creating a new festival为动名词短语,在句中作主语。动名词短语同不定式、从句一样,在句中作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。 13.Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little…… 每次庆祝节日都会有一点儿变化,…… each time在这里是名词短语作连词,引导一个时间状语从句。再如: Each time I saw him, he was busy with his work. 14.Many festivals around the world are celebrated around the same time. 世界上许多节日大约都在同一时间庆祝。 注意:第一个around相当于in,第二个around相当于at about 15.Our ancestor celebrated the birth of a son or a daughter by giving away red eggs. give away在这里的意思为“赠送”“捐献”。它还可作“分发(奖品)”;“失去或错过(机会)”;“泄露”如: He has given away all his money to the beggar. 他把所有的钱都送给乞丐了。 It is said that the headmaster will give away the prizes to the sportsmen. 据说校长将给运动员颁奖。 He gave away the chance of going abroad because of his sick wife. 因为他生病的妻子,他放弃了出国的机会。 16.The festival celebrates both the living and the dead. 这节日既庆祝生者也颂死者。 the living意为“活着的人们”,the dead意为“死去的人们”,两者均属于“the +形容词”表一类人,是一个复数概念。在句中作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。如: The sick are being taken good care of.病人得到精心的护理。 The old老年人 17.It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life. 这不是悲伤的日子,而是一个庆祝生命轮回的时刻。 not…but…意为“不是……,而是……”,句中连接两个表语。not…but…连接两个平行成分,当连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数按“就近原则”。 Not he but you are wanted on the telephone.来电话找的是你不是他。 He does not work but play all day. I am not a student but a teacher. 18.Our friends will play tricks on us and try to fool us, If a person takes in, he or she is called “April Fool!” 我们的朋友就会捉弄我们,试图骗过我们。只要一个人中了圈套,他或她就被叫做“愚人”。 ①play a trick on sb.或play tricks on sb.意为“捉弄某人,开某人玩笑” It is acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st. 四月一日那天,同朋友们开玩笑是可以接受的。 ②take in在此处作“欺骗”解。如: Don’t let yourself be taken in by his tricks. 不要让他的花招蒙骗了你。 She is ready to believe others so she is easy to take in. 她轻易就相信别人的话所以她容易上当。 |
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