Unit 15 The necklace重、难点讲解

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Unit 15 The necklace
教学重、难点讲解
1.Each scene will give you a club that you can use to solve the mystery.
每个场景都会给你一个线索,你可以用来解开谜团。
①scene是不可数名词,意为“一场,一个镜头;现场;景色”
He added a new scene at the beginning. 在开头他又加了一场戏。
We missed the first few scenes of the film.
我们错过了这场电影开始的几个镜头。
The people crowded round the scene of the accident.
人们聚集在出事地点周围。
②mystery是可数名词,意为“神秘的事”。例如:
How the Pyramids were built is still a mystery.
金字塔是怎样建造起来的仍然是个谜。
mystery也可作不可数名词,意为“神秘状态,神秘处”。例如:
The Lady’s mystery makes her charming. 那女士的神秘之处正是她魅力所在。mystery的形容词形式是mysterious.
2.It got dark before they could get home,so the friends have to spend the night in the old Black Tower on the mountain.
他们还没到家,天就黑了,因此这几个朋友只好在山上的老黑塔里度过这个夜晚。
before引导时间状语从句时,其基本意思是“在……之前”,但在不同的语境中,可有不同的理解。我们在上学期学过这样的句子:
①It took them seven years before they got married.(…才)
②Before she could think twice,the water was upon her.(还没来得及…就)
③If we know more about what causes endangerment,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.(趁着…)
3.I’m sorry,but I don’t think I know you. 对不起,但是我想我不认得你,I don’t think I know you为否定转移,类似用法的动词还有believe,suppose,imagine,expect等。否定转移就是把主句变成否定句,而宾语从句变成肯定句,但主句的主语必须是第一人称,这种句子在汉语表达方式正好相反。例如:
I don’t believe she has lost the necklace. 我认为她并没有丢失项链。
I don’t suppose they’ll be back tonight. 我想他们今晚不会来了。
如果这类句子要改写成反意疑问句,则当依据宾语从句及“否定 肯定”的原则来写。故上面两句的反意疑问句分别为:……,has she?……,will they?但如果主句的主语不是第一人称,而是第二、三人称,则反意疑问句当根据主句来改写。例如:
You don’t think she is able to work out this problem,do you?
你认为她不能够解决这个问题,是不是?
He didn’t think I understood him,did he?
他认为我不理解他,是不是?
4.In fact you do,but you may not remember me.
事实上你认识我,但你也许不记得我了。
In fact you do = In fact you know me.
do,does,did可用来代替前面出现过的一般现在时和一般过去时的动词。例如:
①—May I call on you in the morning? —Yes, please do.
②He does the dog more than his wife does.
5.I didn’t recognize you. 我刚才没认出你来。
过去时在语境中运用起来往往有较大的灵活性,可表示在说话之前的情况,意为“刚刚……”,“原先……”,“原来……”等,注意不能凭汉语思维去解题。本知识点在高考中多次出现。例如:
①Hello,I _______ you _______ in London. How long have you been here?
A.don’t know;were B.hadn’t known;are
C.haven’t known;are D.didn’t know;were
②The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk,right under my nose.
A.think;lost B.thought;had lost
C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost
答案分别为DB
6.That’s because of hard work-ten years of hard work.
那是因为劳累的缘故——十年的辛苦劳作。
①ten years of hard work = ten years’ hard work 英语中常常用到这种of结构,以使语言表达更生动。如:
He has completed sixty years of teaching.
Four hours of bus ride made all of us tired.
②because of是介词短语,跟名词或代词,意思与because一样,“为了,由于”例如:
I’ll choose that suit because of its style. 由于那套服装的颜色我会选择它。
Mother got angry because of what you did.
7.Years of hard work,very little food,only a small cold room to live in and never,never a moment’s rest.
多年劳累,食不果腹,寒舍斗室,无从休息。
①这段话四个名词词组构成,表明了四个完整的意思,这种结构叫单成分句。它本身就是一个相对完整的语言单位,无需补充其他的句子成分。使用这种单成分句显得言简意明,深刻感人。
②to live in是不定式作定语,修饰room。注意在作后置定语、状语的不定式中,如果构成不定式的动词是及物动词,那么动词与前面的名词或代词之间一般构成逻辑上的动宾关系;但如果构成不定式的是不及物动物,或及物动词已有宾语,后面就需加适当的介词,与前面的名词或代词构成逻辑介宾关系。
8.That has been my life for the past ten years.那就是我过去十年的生活。
①for the past ten years中的for也可换成in,during或over,在说到“在过去……时间里”,句子的谓语用现在完成时态。
in the past意为“在过去”,指遥远的过去,与现在截然分开,应用一般过去时,
比较:In the past,I always thought you were my friend.
Great changes have taken place in the past 20 years in China.
9.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago. when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?
10年前的一个下午,我到你家借过一条项链,你还记得吗?
句中when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours是定语从句,修饰先行词one afternoon,ten years ago是定语,也修饰one afternoon,定语从句与先行词被分隔开来,这叫作分隔定语从句。如:
I was the only person in my office who was invited.(who引起的定语从句被in my office分隔。)
The necklace was gone that Mathile borrowed from her good friend Jeanne.(that引起的定语从句被谓语分隔)
10.I was the only person in my office who was invited. I’ve written to accept the invitation.
我是我们办公室里唯一被邀请的,我已经写信接受邀请了。
accept“接受、接纳”,它表示的行为不仅有receive的含义,而且是主观意愿决定的,含有承诺之意。
receive“接到,收到”,指客观上收到,与主观意愿没什么关系,另外,receive还有“接纳,接待”例如:
Jason received many presents on his birthday. Jason在生日那天收到许多礼物。
Max was warmly received there. Max在那儿受到热情接待。
I cannot accept your offer of help. 我不能接受你的主动帮助。
He asked her to marry him and she accepted him.
他向她求婚。她答应了。
11.But,just this once. After all,this ball is very important.
不过,就只这么一次。这次舞会毕竟很重要啊。
①just this once是一个单成分句,其本身是一个相对完整的语言单位,不需要增补其它的句子成分,意思是承接上文而来——虽然要花一大笔钱,但是要花就花这一次吧。在注释7条已经解释过。
②after all“毕竟”、“终究”、“到底”,它有两个含意:
1)“要知道……”,“别忘了……”,表示说话人对别人的态度,用来说服或提醒对方,引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要的论点或理由。在表示这个意思时,一般把after all放在句首。课文的句子就有这层含意。又如:
It’s not surprising you’re tired. After all, you were up until eleven last night!
难怪你感到疲倦。别忘了,你昨天晚上11点才睡觉呢。
2)“虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预期的情况相反”,表示说话人意思的转折,有“虽然……,但毕竟……”的含意。在表示这层意思时,after all一般放在句末。例如:
Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace,but it wasn’t a real one after all.
Mathilde原以为那是一条钻石项链,但那终归不是真的钻石项链。
12.I have no jewellery to wear. 我还没有首饰戴呢!
①wear“穿着,戴着”,表示穿戴的状态,也可以表示留发式、留胡须、戴手表、首饰等。
She was wearing a gold ring/ a red flower in her hair.
她戴着金戒指/头上戴着一朵红花。
Many women wear their hair short now.
现在很多妇女留短发。
We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun.
我们戴太阳镜以保护我们的眼睛免遭太阳晒伤。
与wear的同义词还有:dress,have on,put on,in,with
②dress作不及物动词“穿好衣服”,作及物动词,表示动作或状态,宾语只能是“人”,不能接衣服,表示“给……穿衣服”。
She washed,dressed and went out.
Mary is too young to dress herself.
be dressed in表示某人穿着什么衣服
The nurses are all dressed in white.
③have on(=be wearing)“穿着、戴着”(衣服、帽子、鞋),表示状态,不能用进行时态。
The Emperor had nothing on in the procession.
游行时,皇帝一丝不挂。
④put on“穿戴”表示动作,反义词为take off.
It’s cold today. You’d better put on more clothes.
⑤in后接衣服,也可接颜色,可作定语或和be连用作谓语。
The man in blue is our teacher.
⑥with表示穿戴、只能作定语,而且只能和眼镜、手套等连用,不能接衣服。
The boy with thick glasses is our monitor.
13.Does that matter? Can’t you just wear a flower instead?
这要紧吗?难道不可以戴朵花吗?
①matter用作不及物动词,意为“很要紧”、“重要”、“有很大关系”。如:
Does it matter if we’re a bit late? 我们晚到一会儿有关系吗?
It doesn’t matter if you’re late——we’ll wait for you.
您来晚了也不要紧——我们会等着您的。
②Can’t you wear a flower instead? 是一个否定疑问句,这类用can’t / don’t haven’t / aren’t等开头的否定疑问句常用来表示说话者对某事感到惊讶、意外,并含有批评、责难之意,相当于汉语的“难道……吗?”如:
Don’t you know her name? She is your music teacher.
Can’t you help your good friend? Just this once.
难道你不该帮助你的好朋友吗?就这一次呀!
14.Everybody else will be wearing jewellery。别人都将戴着首饰。
will be wearing是将来进行时态,表示将来某个时候在做的事,也可表示按计划安排将来要执行的动作,这一结构不带感情色彩,有时表示婉转的口气。如:
What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?
I hope you’ll be sending her over soon.
我希望你很快把她送过来。
15.She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁给了一位很有钱的人。marry可作及物动词,意为“嫁”、“娶”解。
His daughter married a handsome man. 她女儿嫁给了一个英俊的小伙子。
John is going to marry Alice. 约翰要娶爱丽斯。
marry还可作不及物动词,意为“结婚”
He married late in life. 他结婚很晚。
表示“与某人结婚”时,可用be married(to sb)表示状态,可延续;get married(to sb)表示动作,不延续。例如:
Mary has been married to Smith for twenty years.
16.So I called on you and asked if I could borrow some jewellery.
①so是连词,作“因此”,“于是”,“这样”解,用来承上启下,表示话语的逻辑顺序,也可以把so放在句首,和前面的句子相连。
You aren’t listening, so I’ll shut up. 你们不听,我也就不讲了。
So she had to marry a man she didn’t like.
②call on/upon 作“访问”、“看望”、“拜访”解,常指正式的社交或业务往来(to visit sb. formally, either socially or on business).例如:
call at后接地点,表示到某处去拜访某人
pay a visit与visit同义,是正式用语,常表示进行时间较长的访问,既可指进行友好的社交性的访问,也可指因职务关系而进行的访问。
when does she visit you again?
Last night I called on Mr Black and had a long talk with him.
Perhaps we’ll pay a visit to China next month.
我们也许会在下个月访问中国。
17.Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.
我和比尔在舞会上的确玩得很痛快。
①注意本句中的Pierre and I,一般不说I and Pierre. 英语中习惯把别人放在前面,而把自己放在后面,以示谦逊,如he and I,my brother and I而汉语通常说“我和他”,“我和弟弟”,例如:
Mr White and I were invited to the ball.
我和怀特先生受到邀请参加舞会。
但在承认错误的时候,英语往往是把I放在其他人的前面,以示勇于认错。例如:
I and Mr White are to blame. 我和我兄弟犯了这个错误。
②Pierre and I did have a good time…中的did是助动词,用在肯定句中,起强调作用,常有感情色彩,可译成“真的”、“的确”等词语。其后的动词要用原形。又如:
You do look nice today. 你今天看来真是漂亮。
We did need help those days. 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。
③ball指布置豪华考究的舞会。如:the royal ball皇家舞会
dance为一般用语,泛指有跳舞行为的聚会,普通的舞会。
party指聚会、集合、宴会,主要表示邀请有关人士到一起聚会、聚餐或祝贺某人的生日等,也可跳舞。
18.During the next ten years we both worked day and night to pay for it.
在后来的十年里为了偿还这笔借款,我们两个不分昼夜地干活。
①day and night = night and day“日日夜夜,不分昼夜”是名词词组作状语。
如:He worked day and night to support his family.为了养家糊口,他日夜工作。
②pay back“偿还;还钱”,可用来表示“还钱给某人”pay back money to sb,也可说“还钱作为支付……的费用”pay back the money for sth,也可作“报复”解pay for意为“支付……的费用”。其常用句型是:pay for sth;pay sb for sth;pay(sb)some money for sth.或pay some money to sb. for sth.
pay off one’s debts 还清债务
例如:We must pay the money back to you tomorrow.
我们明天一定还你钱。
I paid them 5 pounds for the book.我付了他们5英镑买那本书。
Soon they paid off the debts. 不久他们就把债务全部还清了。
19.It was worth five hundred francs at the most. 它最多值500法郎。
①at the most = at most最多、至多
I can pay you 10 pounds at(the)most. 我最多付你10英镑.
There were only 30 people at the meeting at(the)most.
最多只有30个人参加了那个会议。
比较:at least 至少,最少 如:
He is at least as tall as you. 他至少和你一样高。
②worth的用法
sth. be worth + n 值多少钱
doing 值得做……
The book is worth 10 dollars.
This film is worth seeing.
He said life wouldn’ t be worth living without friendship.
他说人生若没有友情就不值得活下去。
注意1)be worth后跟动词-ing形式,并且它与前面主语存在动宾关系,所以不用被动。
2)如果说“很值得”,应说be well worth而不能用very,very much等。
③cost和worth在汉语意思上有相同意思,但在结构上有所不同。
sth. cost+ money = be worth + money.(cost为动词,而worth为形容词)
cost还可以构成sth.cost sb. + money表“某物花了某人多少钱”或“某人花了多少钱买某物”。例如:
The necklace cost us thirty-six thousand francs.
cost还可以用来构成it cost+money to do sth. 表“花多少钱做某事”。例如:
It cost seven thousand yuan to buy this computer.
花了七千元买这一台电脑。

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