Mainly revision
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1.Later,another type of coin was used, with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916.后来使用另外一种中间有孔的硬币，这种硬币以后用了2000年，即从公元前221年开始到1916年为止。
解析：①本句是由and连接的一个并列复合句。其中with holes in it是一个with的复合结构，由“with +n.+介词短语”组成，作定语，修饰coin.
例John's family used to live in a wooden house, with trees round it.约翰一家过去住在一座四周都是树木的木屋子里。
This is a new type of machine, with lots of metres on it.这是一种新型的带有许多仪表的机器。
这种with的复合结构也可在句中作状语。
例He is deep in thought, with his head in his hands.他陷入深思，两只手捧着头。 另外，with的复合结构还可由“with +n.+现在分词/不定式/过去分词/形容词”构成，常在 句中作状语。
例She read the letter, with tears running down her cheeks.她读着信，泪水顺着面颊流下来。
He stood for a while with his hand still raised.他站了一会儿，他的手依然举着。 With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.由于没什么事要做，我便到外面散散步。
He used to sleep with the windows open.他常常开着窗户睡觉。
②句中的that is意为“这就是说”“也就是”。在句中作插入语，用以对上文补充说明。插入语的前后通常用逗号同句子的其他部分分开。
例The story happened about a century ago, that is, a hundred years ago.故事发生在大约一个世纪以前，也就是说，一百年前。
2.Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford.到邮票销售点去，把你能够买得起的邮票买下来。
解析：①句中stamp sales =stamp sales department邮票销售部，邮票发售点(the place w here stamps are sold)。sale的复数形式sales常用来作定语或构成合成词。如：a sales talk 销售谈判；the sales department 销售部；salesgirl/salesman/saleswoman 推销员 ，售货员
②句中的whatever是连接代词，意为“凡是……的”“所……的东西”，相当于anything that，常用来引导名词性从句。句中whatever you can afford就是作buy的宾语，相当于“…buy anything that you can afford.”
例Do whatever you like (=Do anything that you like.)你爱干什么，就干什么吧。(宾语从句)
Whatever I have is yours.(=Anything that I have is yours).我所有的东西全是你的。(主语从句)
此外，whatever还可作“无论什么”，相当于no matter what,用来引导让步状语从句。
例Whatever you do, do your best.(=No matter what you do, do your best.)无论你干什么，总要尽最大的努力。
Keep calm, whatever happens.(=Keep calm, no matter what happens.)无论发生什么事情都要保持冷静。


核心知识
常用单词积累
shape ring(n.) collection bank material hide hand out here and there look round envelope sooner or later pick up pack packs of cheaply cock shame coin silver penny(pl. pence) mine(n.) possibly whenever trade whatever afford
基础知识精讲
1.shame n. “遗憾的事” (=pity)
用法：①What a shame/pity!
例What a shame/pity (that) you can't come with us!你不能跟我们一起去，是多么可惜!
②It's a shame/pity +that clause
例It's a shame/pity you can't stay for dinner.真遗憾，你不能留下来吃饭。
2.be of +抽象名词，表示主语的特征。意为“具有……”如课文中“be of different sizes, weights, shapes”意为“具有不同规格、重量、形状等”，此结构常常可以转化成be +形容词结构。
例The work is of great importance. =The work is very important.这项工作很重要。
The old watch is still of some use to me. =The old watch is still useful to me.这块旧表对我还有些用处。
注意：在口语中，此结构中的of有时可省去，特别是在介词宾语之后还有修饰语的时候。 例The soldiers are almost (of) the same height.这些士兵差不多一样高。
The earth is (of) the shape of an orange.地球是呈桔子形的。
3.date ① vi “起始”“兴起于”
用法 date from “始于……时期”
例Her interest in coin collecting dates from her childhood.她收集硬币的兴趣始于她的童年时代。
(扩展)date back to 可追溯到，是……时代开始有的。
例The castle dates back to the 14th century.此堡建于14世纪。
②n. “日期”
常见短语有：out of date 过时，(式样)陈旧 up to date 跟上时代
例Much of the information in that book is now out of date.那本书中的许多信息现在已经过时了。
His ideas are up to date.他的思想符合时代潮流。
4.keep ①vt.“经营”“管理”“养活”
例keep a shop (开商店) keep a hotel(经营旅馆)
keep a farm(经营农场) keep the house (管理家务)
keep a family (养家糊口)
② vt. “使……保持/处于某种状态”
用法：Keep +n.+ adj. /-ing/p.p/prep/adv.
例You should keep your room clean and tidy.你们应该使你们的房间保持整洁。
Please keep the fire burning.请使火保持燃烧。
Mother kept the food locked up.母亲把食物锁起来。
If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.如果你的手觉得冷，把它们放在你的口袋里。
The cold weather kept us indoors.寒冷的天气使我们呆在家里。
③link v.“保持”“继续(处于某状态)”
例Please keep quiet.请保持安静。
5.without “毫无”“没有”
用法：其后跟名词或-ing形式或名词+-ing形式作状语
例We cannot finish the work without your help.(如果)没有你的帮助，我们就不可能完成这项工作。
We can not speak English without making mistakes.(如果)不犯错误，我们就说不会英语。
The movie actress passed without being recognized.这位女电影演员走过时，没有被(大家)认出来。
He is too serious without anyone getting near to him.他太严肃了，(结果)没有人亲近他。
6.hand out “散发”“发给大家” 反义词组：hand in “上交”
例The teacher handed out the exercise books at the beginning of the class.老师在开始上课的时候把练习本发给大家。
The compositions must be handed in.作文必须得交上来。
7.trade vt. “交换”“进行贸易”
用法：①trade with(sb.) “与(某人)作买卖”“同(某人)交换”
例I didn't trade with that company; the price of their goods was too high.我没同那家公司做生意，他们的商品价格太高了。
He often goes to the stamp market and trades stamps with others.他常去邮票市场同人家交换邮票。
②trade for “用(某物)同(某物)进行交换”
例I'd like to trade this book for your knife.我想用这本书换你的刀。
I traded my watch for a bicycle.我用我的手表换了辆自行车。
8.sooner or later “迟早”“总有一天”
例He is always telling lies; he will be punished sooner or later.他老是撒谎，迟早他是会受到惩罚的。
9.afford vt.“花得起”“买得起”“有(时间，经济等)条件(做某事)”用法：afford sth
例This kind of car costs a lot of money, but he can afford it.这种小汽车要很多钱，可他买得起。
I can afford only the cheapest.我只买得起最便宜的。
② afford to do
例We can't afford to go away for a holiday this summer.今年夏天我们无力度假(抽 不出时间去度假)。
Some villagers can't afford to send their children to school.有些村民无钱送子女上学。
10.pick up ①“用较少的钱买到……”
例You can pick up some useful books at a low price at that book store.在那家书店，你能以很便宜的价格买到一些有用的书。
②“捡起，拾起”
例The boy picked up a wallet beside the street.这男孩在路边拾到一个钱夹。
③“接收到、听到(偶然地，无意地)获得”
例Where did you pick up the news?你从哪儿获悉的这消息?
④“用车接，公汽等中途载人”
例The school bus will pick you up at the school gate at 7∶00.校车七点钟在校门口接你们。
⑤“收集到”
例Jack has picked up a large number of Chinese stamps.杰克已经收集到大量的中国邮票。
11.fun ［u］n.乐趣 funny adj.“有趣的”“滑稽的”
例It's great fun to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river in summer.夏天跳进游泳池或是到河里去游个泳是莫大的乐趣。
What fun the children had at the seaside!孩子们在海边玩得真开心!
12.it作形式主语
用法：英语中有时为了句子的平衡，常常用it作形式主语代替作真正主语的不定式短语，-ing形式和that从句放在句首。
例Getting used to the life in a foreign country needs time.
＝It needs time to get used to the life in a foreign country.适应国外的生活需要时间。
To pay more attention to the population of the earth is necessary. =It's necessary to pay more attention to the population of the earth.(我们)有必要更加关注地球的人口问题。
That the U.S.A is a developed country is known to all. =It's known to all that the U.S.A is a developed country.众所周知，美国是发达国家。

典型例题
The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries.
Carmakers' research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more noise with the help of loudspeakers can reduce the unwanted noise.
Physicists have known about the technique for a long time. Sound is made up of pressure waves in the air. If two sound waves of the same frequency(频率) mix so that the highest point of one wave happens at the same time with the lowest point of the other wave, the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy o f the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle(周期),we can kill the unwanted noise. Using this technique many carmakers are racing to develop noise killing systems both inside and outside the cars.
Another good thing about the use of noise killing systems is that it saves the need for silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better.
Some engineers believe that the noise killing system will be used in most cars in 1996.But the car makers haven't decided if they will put it into production be cause it would add several hundred dollars to the cost of their cars.
1.Which of the following gives a general idea if how the noise killing system
works?
A. By producing pressure waves going in the opposite direction.
B. By mixing high frequency sound waves with low frequency sound waves.
C. By making copies of the unwanted sound waves and letting them out a little
later.
D. By mixing new sound waves with the noise and sending them out together.
2.Besides its main function(功能) the noise killing system can ______________.
A. make a car lighter.
B. make a car quieter.
C. reduce the cost of a silencer.
D. improve the performance of a silencer
3.The noise-killing system is not yet popular mainly because ______________.
A. it increases the cost of car production.
B. carmakers are not sure if it is necessary.
C. it is still being tried out.
D. people still have their doubts.

解析 1.这是一道细节题，最佳答案为C。第三自然段的段落大意可以帮助考生理解什么是消音装置，而by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a way cycle便是对答案的释义。
2.这是一道细节题。只要考生抓住第四自然段中which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better这一关键信息，便能得出A为最佳答案。
3.这是一道细节题，A为最佳答案。文章结尾的一句话便是正确答案的相应信息。

【有关"Mainly revision" 的教学设计】


教学设计1. Mainly Revision
前言
同学们，你是喜欢收集古币还是喜欢集邮？如果你有幸成为一个古币收藏的爱好这的话，那你一定会觉得它奥妙无穷吧。据说美国举办的一次拍卖会上，中国的其中一枚重 7．2 钱的银币折 18。7万美元（折合人民币 150 多万元）。你如果对集邮入迷的话，你一定注意到了下列新中国的 10 大珍邮排行榜：
　　1、蓝军邮。1953年发行的一套军邮，现拍卖价 107．8万元人民币。
　　2、“纪念毛主席创建井冈山革命根据地 40 周年”未发行票，俗称“大蓝天”，现拍卖价150万元人民币。
　

学习目标：
（一）知识教学点
1．单词
shape n． 形状，外形　　　　　　　　　　　　　 shame n． 遗憾的事；羞愧
ring n． 环形物（如环、戒指）　　　　　　 coin n． 硬币
collection n． 收藏品，收集物　　　　　　　 silver n． 银
bank n． 银行　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 penny(pl． pence)便士
material n． 材料，原料　　　　　　　　　　　　 mine n． 矿 vt． 采矿
hide(hid, hidden)v． 把…．　　　　　　　　　 possibly adv． 可能地；也许
藏起来；隐藏　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 whenever conj． 每当；无论何时
envelope n．信封　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 whatever adv． 无论什么
cheaply adv． 廉价地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 afford vt． 负担得起（……的费
cock． n． 公鸡　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 用），抽得出（时间）；提供
2．词组
trade sth． with sb． 用……进　　　　　　 sooner or later迟早
行交换　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 pick up无意地/偶然地买到，顺
sth． be traded with sb．　　　　　　　　　　　 便去买
trade sth． for sth． else　　　　　　　　　　　 packs of许多
hand out发放　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 kind of……某种
here and there到处　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the beginning起初
look round仔细查看　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 be mixed with与……混合
3．交际用语与句型
（1）交际用语
Hello． Can I speak to Zhou Lan, please?
This is Zhou Lan speaking． But I've only just got home．
I would like to ask you about some stamps．
What a pity! What a shame! I'll ring you if I have any news．
It' s a pity I didn' t think of it earlier
（2）句型
Coins can be of different sizes, shapes, and of different metals．硬币可能大小、重量、形状不同，金属不同。
It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19thcentury． 据说成千上万的中国人在19世纪后期在这个金矿里劳动过。
It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe．可能他们中有一人开设了一种钱庄，工人们可以把钱放在那里安全保存。
It is common to have the head of a famous person on one side．
通常在硬币的一面有一个名人的头像。
4．语法
（1）复习-ing形式作主语的用法
Following your teacher's advice is important．
Seeing is believing．
It is no use crying over split milk．
（2）-ing形式作宾语的用法
A．作动词宾语。注意下面动词之后要求接-ing form做宾语，
Enjoy, finish, keep, practise, consider, suggest, advise, mind,
Have you finished rewriting the article?
I suggest using body language to help you to communicate with other people．
B．下面动词之后要求接to do,或-ing form做宾语，
Like, hate, love, begin, remember, forget, intend．
C．作介词宾语
Sorry for ringing you so early．．
（3）复习动词不定式的用法
To complete the project is a great success．
You are the right person to play the part of Charlie Chaplin．
Do you need someone to help with the typing?
（二）能力训练点
1．通过对话学习，掌握打电话的英语表达方式。
2．通过阅读课文 Coin, Collecting stamps,掌握怎样领会主题句，提高阅读能力。
3．通过写作，掌握怎样写回信和描写物体。


教案内容：
内容1：教学重点与难点
内容2：语法扩散思维
　

教学设计2. Lesson 21
学习目标：
通过对话课的学习，复习打电话用语；通过对课文的学习，了解古币的演变历史和有关集邮的知识，完成有关课文内容的练习，并在课后模仿课文写一篇介绍物品的说明文；通过语法 练习，复习第一至第五单元学习过的语法项目。


教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
　

教学设计3. Lesson 22
学习目标：
复习总结


教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
　

教学设计4. Lesson 23
学习目标：
复习总结


教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
　

教学设计5. 高二英语 Uint 6 Mailny revision
学习目标：
教学目的和要求：
⒈ 单词和词组：
shape ring(n.) collection bank material hide hand out L.22四会
here and there look round
envelope sooner or later pick up pack packs of L.23
cheaply
cock shame coin L.21三会
silver penny(pl. pence) mine(n.) possibly whenever L.22
trade whatever afford L.23
seashell L.22二会
⒉ 日常交际用语
复习第一至第五单元出现过的日常交际用语。
⒊ 语法：
复习第一至第五单元学习过的语法项目。


教案内容：

【关于“Mainly revision”的常见问题】

常见问题1: Mainly revision
问题：

The reason _______________ we should plant more trees is the forest can help stop the soil from being washed away.(1998年全国中学 生英语竞赛高二初赛试题)
A. what, because B. for which, because
C. why, that D. that, for

解答:

解题指导：此题the reason后带有一个定语从句，应用why, that或for which 引导，is后是一个表语从句。当主语为reason时，后接表语从句，一般不用because而用that引导。故答案为C.

常见问题2: Mainly revision
问题：

Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _______________ who had already taken them.(NMET 92)
A. the ones B. ones
C. some D. the others

解答:

解题指导：英语中常可用one或ones代替上文出现过的可数名词，表类指。此题可用the one s代替前面的可数名词复数pupils。不可用ones，因为这里是特指“已经拿走书的学生”， 所以ones前要用定冠词the。答案为A.

常见问题3: Mainly revision
问题：

It's very cold. Let's make a fire _______________ ourselves up.
A. warm B. to warm
C. warming D. to be warming

解答:

解题指导：此题极易错选A或C。选A或C即把make当成了使役动词。而在此题中make a fire 意为“生火”，其后接带to的不定式作目的状语，即(in order) to warm ourselves up.答 案为B.

常见问题4: Mainly revision
问题：

Tom is_____that we all like him.
A．such a great fun B．such great fun
C．so great fun D．so great a fun

解答:

导析：fun通常作不可数名词，前面不用a，故排除A、D。名词前需用such修饰，答案：C

常见问题5: Mainly revision
问题：

The mother wonder where her child ___________.
A．hid himself B．was hidden
C．was hiding D．hid himself

解答:

导析：hidden表示主语所处的状态，意为“躲避、隐藏”。hide用于主动语态，侧重某人把某物藏在何处，故答案C是错误的。本句意思是“妈妈不知道她孩子躲在哪儿了。”答案：B

常见问题6: Mainly revision
问题：

—— Excuse me,is this Mr Brown's office?
——Sorry.He__________works here.He left about three months ago.
A．no longer B．no more C．not now D．not still

解答:

导析：D填入题干空白处，句子结构不对，故排除。谈到时间，我们用no longer，而指数量或程度时，用no more，答案：A

常见问题7: Mainly revision
问题：

He said he wouldn't________ three weeks away from work.
A．waste B．spend C．afford D．cost

解答:

导析：四个选项都可以后接表时间的词语。waste some time doing some thing，浪费时间做某事，spend some time doing something，花费时间做某事，cost指花费金钱(时间，劳力)等。本题题意为“他舍不得三个星期不上班”。
答案：C

常见问题8: Mainly revision
问题：

It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack_________be here at any moment.
A．must B．need C．should D．can

解答:

导析：根据题意，空白处应填一个表推测的情态动词，need不表推测；can表推测意义时，常用在疑问句和否定句中，故排除B、D。must表示对谈论的事情较有把握的推测；should表示委婉的推测，意为“应该、可能。”符合题意。又如：The report is written after careful investigation，so it should be reliable.这份报告是经过周密调查而写成的，所以应该是可靠的。答案：C

常见问题9: Mainly revision
问题：

I'm going to the post office.Do youhave any letters_________?
A．to post B．to be posted C．posting D．being posted

解答:

导析：have something to do与have something to be done的区别是前者表示某人自己要做某事，后者则表示某人有某事让别人去做，而不是自己做，
答案：B

常见问题10: Mainly revision
问题：

——Hello.May I speak to Bill，please?
——_______________________________.
A．Bill speaking B．I'm Bill
C．I'm speaking D．You are speaking

解答:

导析：A是This is Bill speaking的省略形式。B、C、D三个答案均不符合英美人的习惯。答案：A

常见问题11: Mainly revision
问题：

——I must apologize for________ahead of time.
——That's nothing.
A．letting you not know B．not letting you know
C．letting you know not D．letting not you know

解答:

导析：v-ing的否定形式是在其前面加not构成。例如：Excuse me for not coming here on time.对不起，我没能准时来。What troubled the child most was his not being allowed to visit his motherin hospital.最使这小孩苦恼的是不允许他去医院看望妈妈。答案：B

课后练习1：课后练习

一、从A、B、C、D中选出一个最佳答案
　　1. The ones you decide not to keep with other people .
　　　A. that ; trading B. which ; can be traded
　　　C. which ; will trade D. that ; to trade
　　2. The boy his knife a cricket bat .
　　　A. traded ; with B. traded ; for C. changed ; by D. used ; as
　　3. You can then look for new ones your collection .
　　　A. to add to B. added up to C. added up D. to add up
　　4. Old stamps have not been used usually more expensive ones .
　　　A. which ; shall ; as used B. that ; are ; than used
　　　C. which ; to be ; as using D. that ; to be ; than using
　　5. I saw him at the desk , .
　　　A. sat ; to think B. seated ; thinking
　　　C. seating ; thought D. to sit ; thinking
答案：1— 5 BBABB
二、以下各句可能多一词 , 可能少一词 , 也可能用词错误 , 请你动动脑筋给予“矫枉过正”。
　　1. This kind of computer will on show next week .
　　2. His sister turned an engineer while he remained a worker .
　　3. The ice is so thick that ，I think ，all of us can skate on .
　　4. The ice is not thick enough for us to skate on it ，I think .
　　5. The book was written in such easy language that all of them could read it .
　　6. Would you mind going to there alone ?
　　7. I don't think she is an easy girl to get along .
　　8. They stood there all day and quarrelling .
　　9. Not only everything he had been taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship .
　　10. When he went back to buy the shirt ，he was told that it had already sold .
　　11. Tom is fatter than any boy in his class .
　　12. This information is much more important than that one .
　　13. Yesterday I bought a new pen ，but I lost .
　　14. Have you heard of the accident happened yesterday ?
　　15. Try a cup of coffee even you don't like it .
　　16. What water is known to us all .
　　17. He will go there on foot instead of car .
　　18. The news that Lincoln was murdered filled the American people's hearts deep sorrow .
　　19. If you want to telephone him , you'll have to look the number in the telephone directory .
　　20. She has been ill from last Sunday .
　　21. We've missed the last bus . I'm afraid we have no choice but take a taxi .
　　22. Do give an answer when you are spoken .
　　23. Can you make a room on that desk for more books ?
　　24. Luckily ，a child as he is ，Jack knows how to book 20 plane tickets .
　　25.－Both you and Jack seem to be getting along well .
　　　 －Right . I like him even better before .
　　26.－What happened to you ?
　　　 －I had my finger cut with knife .
　　27. It is necessary that a person drinks several glasses of beer if he feels thirsty .
　　28. What a fun it is to swim in summer !
　　29. Is this the watch you wish to have it repaired ?
　　30. I met several your classmates at the party yesterday .
　　31.－You can't answer my question ?
　　　 －Yes . I know quite little about it .
　　32. The jobs aren't easy . I don't know how to do well .
　　33. If you don't believe the result of the experiment, why not to try doing it in another way ?
　　34. The city has population of 2 million ，which surprises the visitors .
　　35. I'm told the shop will be in charge of Mr Li .
　　36. I feel an honour to be invited to speak here .
　　37.－Would you like me to turn off the radio for you ?
　　　 －No . I'm used to working with the radio .
　　38. The boy was to return yesterday，but he asked to stay another week .
　　39.－Do you need milk in the bottle ?
－No ，it's full enough already .
　　40. I did recognize him although he said we had met before .
参考答案
　　1. will 后加 be 。2. 去 掉an ; 或者改 turned 为 became。3. on 后加 it。4. 去掉 it 。5. such后加 an。6. 去掉 to。7. along 后加 with。8. quarrelling 改为 quarrelled ; 或者去掉 and。9. only 后加 had。10. sold 前加been。11. any 后加 other。12. 去掉 one。13. lost 后加 it。14. accident 后加 that / which 。15. even 后加 if / though。16. is 后加 is。17. of 后加 by。18. hearts 后加 with。19. look 后加 up。20. from改为since。21. but 后加 to。22. spoken后加 to。23. 去掉 a 。24. 去掉 a。25. better 后加 than。26. with 后加 a 。27.drinks改为drink 或者在drink前加should 。28. 去掉 a。29. 去掉 it 。30. several 后加 of ; 或者去掉 several 。31. Yes 改为 No ; 或者 quite 后加 a。32. do 后加 them。33. 去掉 to 。34. has 后加 a。35. in 后加 the。36. feel后加 it 。37. radio 后加 on 。38. he 后加 was 。39. need 后加 more 。40. did 后加 not。

　




课后练习1：课后练习

词组句式运用
1.—Hello. May I speak to Zhou Hua?
—Yes._______________
A. My name is Zhou Hua. B.I am Zhou Hua.
C. This is Zhou Hua speaking D. Zhou Hua is me.
2.The bus stopped at the bus stop and _______________ 10 passengers.
A. carried away B. took away
C. picked up D. picked out
3.Please keep the door _______________ but the windows _______________.
A. closed, open B. open, closing
C. closed, opened D. opening, closed
4.In those days they couldn't _______________ a doctor.
A. afford to call B. afford to call in
C. afford to D. afford calling
5.To go fishing on Sunday is _______________.
A. great fun B. a great fun
C. great funny D. a great funny
6.Zhang Lan and I are _______________.
A. of same old B. of the age same
C. same old D. of the same age
7.Work hard and you'll succeed _______________.
A. right away B. in a hurry
C. at last D. sooner or later
8.The reason for his absence is _______________ he had to look after his
sick wife.
A. why B. because C. that D. whether
9.Millions of people die of illnesses _______________ by smoking.
A. caused B. causing
Cit. be caused D. being caused
10.It's generally considered unwise to give a child ____________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. Whenever

课内课外阅读
In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the basic goal of language use is communication, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as realization of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness t o do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “I'll do it”.The resulting difference can serve as a basis for the student to correct his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error(错误).
1.According to the passage, the present tense in English is ______________.
A. not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future
B. used with some verbs but not with others to express future pain
C. basically the same in English as it is in Spanish
D. not the most difficult problem for foreign student
1.According to the passage, language learners can reduce the number of
their mistakes by ______________.
A. asking native speakers for explanations
B. reading good books in the foreign language
C. comparing(对比) their speech with that of native speakers
D. speaking without regard to native speakers
2.According to the passage, foreign language students who do not interact with
native speakers will NOT ______________.
A. learn very much about the foreign culture
B. learn about the history of the foreign language
C. have to worry about making mistakes
D. take advantage of(利用) useful language models
3.According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much a bout making mistakes because ______________.
A. native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language
B. communication is the basic goal of language learning
C. native speakers will ignore their mistakes
D. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language
4.The author's main conclusion about the use of mistakes in foreign language
learning is that ______________.
A. mistakes are not important in the course of learning a language
B. learners are often very afraid of making mistakes
C. making mistakes can help me learner discover the rules of the language
D. native speakers often do not tell foreign language learners about their
mistakes


课后练习1：课后练习答案

词组句式运用
1-5 CCABA 6-10 DDCAB
课内课外阅读
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C

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