Saving the earth
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1.词组to one’s joy的用法
词组“to one’s joy”意思是“使人高兴的是”，在句子中作状语，不能当作句子使用；其中的名词多为表示人的情绪的名词如：surprise, joy, astonishment, horror, relief, satisfaction, sorrow等，如：
1)To our great disappointment, our team lost the game.使我们大为失望的是，我们队输了那场比赛。
2)To the horror of everyone, the house caught fire.使大家惊恐的是，房子着火了。
2.过去分词的用法
1)过去分词在句中起形容词或副词的作用，但保留动词的特征。及物动词的过去分词表被动动作，不及物动词的过去分词表完成的动作，如：fallen leaves 落叶，the polluted water 被污染了的水。
2)过去分词的语法功能：
①作定语：
单个过去分词作定语放于被修饰词之前，过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰词之后。
例 A broken cup is lying on the ground.地上有一只摔破的杯子。
This is the lab built in 1990.这是1990年建的实验室。
The canned food has gone bad.这灌装食品已变质。
②作表语：
说明主语所处的状态。
例 We were deeply moved.我们深受感动。
She felt rather disappointed at his failure.她的失败令她感到非常失望。
We are determined to complete the work in time.我们决心按时完成工作。
③作状语：
与句子主语为动宾关系，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等。
例 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.从山上看，公园看上去很美丽。
The scientist entered the room, followed by some young men.这位科学家进了房间，后面跟着一些年青人。
④作宾语补足语，与宾语为动宾关系。
例 I didn’t know you had your hair cut.我不知道你理了发。
We should make it known to the public.我们应当让公众知道这件事。


核心知识
常用单词积累
damage, agree fit, be fit for,room,standing room, turn…into…, cattle, cause, in place, blow away, lose one’s sight, present(adj), dirty(vt), die out, play a part, test, go off, separately, point to, to one’s joy
基础知识精讲
1.damage n.＆vt.毁坏；损害
do/cause damage to… 损害……
1)How much must he pay for the damage?他该赔多少损失费?
2)Tell the boys not to damage the desks.告诉那些男孩不要毁坏课桌。
3)The storm did/caused great damage to the crops.那场暴风雨对农作物造成了极大的损害。
2.agree vi.＆vt. 同意，取得一致意见
(1)单独使用；
(2)跟介词with(同意某人的意见)。后面接人或表示“意见”、“看法”的词。有时还可表示“与……一致”的意思。
(3)跟介词on或upon(就……取得一致意见，在……方面同意或意见一致)。主语常常是协商一件事的人们或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词。
(4)跟介词to“同意……”、“赞成……”，后面接表示“提议”、“办法”、“计划”等的词。
(5)跟不定式(同意做某事)。有时不定式前可带连接副词。
例：1)In a (one) way I agree with you.在某种程度上我同意你的意见。
2)I quite agree with what you say.我很同意你说的话。
3)His words do not agree with his action.他言行不一致。
4)Do you agree to the proposal(the plan)?你同意这个提议(计划)吗?
5)We agreed on an early start.
6)We agreed on making an early start. 我们同意早动身。
7)We agreed that we should start early.
8)They agreed to come on Friday.他们同意(答应)星期五来。
9)I asked him to help me and he agreed.我请他帮忙，他答应了。
3.fit adj.(suitable) 适合的，合适的(多作表语)
be fit for… 适合；胜任
be fit to do sth. 适合，胜任(做某事)
例：1)The food is not fit(unfit) to eat.那食物不适宜吃。
2)The man is not fit for the position.那人不适合这职位。
fit vt. 合身，合适
3)This coat doesn’t fit me very well.这件上衣我穿不太合身。
fit 有时也可用作定语。
4)We must decide on a fit time and place for the meeting.我们必须决定开会的恰 当的时间与地点。
fit 也可用作名词。
5)The dress is a nice fit. 这件衣服正合身。
4.cattle n. 牛(总称)、家畜，集体名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。
1)The cattle have been sold.那些牛已被卖掉了。
2)The farmer keeps ten head of cattle.那农夫喂了十头牛。
3)My family raise lots of cattle,including two cows.我家喂养了很多家畜，包括两头奶牛。
5.turn…into…把……变成……(=change…into…)；把……翻译成……(=put/translate… into…)
turn into 变成
例 ①We should try to～ waste land into rice fields.我们应努力把荒地变成稻田。
②Heated, water can ～ into vapour.水加热变成水蒸汽。
6.cause n. 原因，起因
1)Carelessness is the usually cause of accidents.粗心大意是事故发生的通常原因。
2)What’s the cause of his stomachache?他胃痛的主要原因是什么?
vt. 使产生，引起，给……带来
3)What caused his illness?他的病是什么引起的?
4)What caused him to be so sad?是什么使他如此悲伤?
5)He often causes trouble to his parents.他常常给他的父母亲带来许多麻烦。
7.limit n. 界限，范围，极限 vt.限制，限定
～ed a. 有限的 un ～ ed a.无限的
例 ①There is a limit to what I can do for you.我能为你做的事是有限的。
②There is little money left .We must ～ our cost.剩下的钱不多了，我们必须限制消费。
③Her knowledge of English is ～ ed.她的英语知识是有限的。
8.in place 在适当的位置；适合的，适当的
1)I like to have everything in place.我喜欢一切各在其适当的位置。
2)I don’t think your suggestion is quite in place.我认为你的建议并不十分适当。
9.Lose one’s sight 失明
catch sight of 看见，out of sight 看不见
1)The great musician lost his sight when he was quite young.这位伟大的音乐家很小就丧失了视力。
2)Who caught sight of the plane first?谁先看见那架飞机的?
10.dirty vt. 弄脏
I’m terribly sorry to dirty your new shirt.把你的新衬衣弄脏了，真是抱歉。

典型例题
We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn’t even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold, She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said,“Very dirty floors.”
“Yes. I’m glad they’ve finally decided to clean them,”the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said,“But aren’t you working late?”
Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and fart her down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to write in the big book.
After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said,“Thank you.”
Outside, Mum told me:“Dagmar is fine. No fever.”
“You saw her, Mum?”
“Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It’s a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.”
1.When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was .
A. to clean the floor B.to please the nurse
C. to see a patient D. to surprise the story teller
2.When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a ______________.
A. nurse B. visitor C. patient D. cleaner
3.After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A. It is a children’s hospital
B. It has strict rules about visiting hours
C. The conditions there aren’t very good
D. The nurses and doctors there don’t work hard
4.From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely ______________.
A. the story teller’s sister B. Mum’s friend
C. the story teller’s classmate D. Dad’s boss
5.Which of the following words best describes Mum?
A. strange B. warm hearted
C. clever D. hard working
解析 1.这是一道推断题。从妈妈拿起拖布越过护士的视线到告诉作者 “Dagmar is fine. No fever.”这一系列情节中可以断定，C为该题的最佳答案。
2.这也是一道推断题。护士之所以没有拦住妈妈，她一定是以为妈妈是位清扫工。故D为最佳答案。
3.这仍然是道推断题。妈妈装扮成清洁工正是由于医院有着严格的探视制度，故B为最佳答案。
4.该题的最佳答案为A。从“You saw her, Mum?”和“… Dad will stop worrying as well.…”这组对话中可以推断出，病人是作者的妹妹。
5.妈妈之所以能成功地躲过护士的监视，在非探视时间内走入病房，正说明了她的聪明。故C为最佳答案。

【有关"Saving the earth" 的教学设计】


教学设计1. Lesson 35
学习目标：
1.通过学习对话，掌握“同意和不同意”的英语表示方法。
2.学习课文，运用所学语言，围绕保护地球这一题材，完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务；认识环境污染的危 害性和环境保护的重要性，完成有关课文内容的练习。
3.学习语法，掌握过去分词作表语和定语的用法。


教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
　

教学设计2. Lesson 36
学习目标：
Do some writing and reading


教案内容：
内容1：Teaching Procedures
　
【关于“Saving the earth”的常见问题】

常见问题1: Saving the earth
问题：

The first textbooks _______________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET 94)
A. have written B.to be written
C. being written D. written

解答:

解题指导：本题答案为D，相当于“which were written”。这道题难点在于过去分词与现在分词的被动式的区别。过去分词表达被动和完成的概念，现在分词的被动式表示“正被……”，而不定式的被动式则表示“将被……”。试比较：
1)The house built last year is our library.
2)The house being built now will be our library.
3)The house to be built will be our library.
在1)句中，“built last year”相当于“Which was built last year”，意为“去年建造 的”；在2)句中，“being built now”相当于“Which is being built now”，意为“正在建造的”；在3)句中，“to be built”相当于“Which is to be built”，意为“将要建造的”。

常见问题2: Saving the earth
问题：

_____________ in English, the letter is difficult for the farmer to read.
A. Written B. Having written
C. Being written D. To be written

解答:

解题指导：本题答案为A，相当于“As it is written”。又如：
1) Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.(NMET 90 )
2) Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.(NMET 92)
3) Being repaired, the library won’t open to the public today.
在1)句中，“Given more attention”相当于“If the trees had been given more attention”；在2)句中，“Not having received a reply”相当于“As he had not received a reply”；在3)句中，“Being repaired”相当于“As the library is being repaired ”。

常见问题3: Saving the Earth
问题：

The_______look on hisface suggested he_____that.
A．surprising；hadn't expected B．surprising；would expect
C． surprised; hadn't expected D． surprised; wouldn't have expected

解答:

导析：-ing作定语意思是“令人……的”，-ed作定语意思是“感到……的”，故答案在C、D中。他之所以吃惊，是他没有预料到。D是虚拟语气，说明与过去相反，即他预料到了，这与句子意思不符。答案：C

常见问题4: Saving the Earth
问题：

_______to the village,he said that was the place where I was born.
A．Pointed B．Pointing C．Point D．To point

解答:

导析：由空所在的位置可知，要填入的词是句子的状语。状语与谓语应是同时发生的，而不定式作状语通常表示将来时，故答案在A、B之中。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致，所以分词的主语是“he”，而“he”与“point”之间是主动关系。答案：B

常见问题5: Saving the Earth
问题：

The old man walked in the street,________.
A．followed by his son B．followed his son
C．and following his son D． and followed by his son

解答:

导析：此题是考查过去分词的用法。followed by his son是过去分词短语作状语，表示方式和伴随。答案：A

常见问题6: Saving the Earth
问题：

——How did Bob do in the exam this time?
——Well,his father seems________with his results.
A．pleasing B．please C．pleased D．to please

解答:

导析：seem后可跟三种形式， seem+a.,seem+to v.,seem+that clause,但从句意分析，主语是his father,表“人” 所以选择pleased,过去分词作表语。答案：C

常见问题7: Saving the Earth
问题：

They will probably agree；you never know,________.
A．even though B．though C．therefore D．at least

解答:

导析：“though”在这里作副词，带有转折之意；本句两个句子之间含有转折之意。答案：B

常见问题8: Saving the Earth
问题：

________,I used to go hunting at the weekends.
A．At atime B．Attimes C．At onetime D．At altimes

解答:

导析：“at a time”意指“一次”；“at times”；意指“有时”；“at one time”意指“过去有一段时间”；“at alltimes”意指“总是、经常。”答案：C

常见问题9: Saving the Earth
问题：

Do you knowthe boy________underthe bigtree?
A．lay B．lain C．laying D．lying

解答:

导析：该题考查的目的是分词短语作定语的用法。lie的三种形式是：lay．lain,lying,lay的三种形式是：laid,laid,laying。此题的句意是“你认识那位躺在大树下的男孩吗?”答案：D

常见问题10: Saving the Earth
问题：

I fit for the snow,we the mountainyesterday.
A．were out；could have climbed B．were not；could climb
C．had not been；could have climbed D．had not been；could climb

解答:

导析：该题考查的目的是虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气有三种表现形式：与现在事实相反；与过去事实相反；与将来事实相反。根据句中的时间状语yesterday的提示，此句表示与过去事实相反。答案：C

【有关"Saving the earth" 的课后练习】




课后练习1：课后练习

词组句式运用
1.Although the shirt _______________ me quite well, it _______________ me .
A. is fit for; doesn’t fit B. fits; doesn’t fit
C. is fit for; isn’t fit for D. fits; isn’t fit for
2.He had never spent a _______________ day.
A. much worrying B. most worrying
C. more worrying D. most worried
3.There are many reasons for animals _______________.
A. died out B. dying out C. died away D. dying off
4.She _______________ in an accident, which made her parents .
A. loses her sight; sad B. lost her sight; sad
C. loses her sight; sadly D. lost her sight; sadly
5._______________ that the sun was the centre of the universe.
A. It thought B. It was thought
C. People are thought D. People thinks
6.Doctors and nurses were sent to the ____________ area and the road were wended.
A. flooded; damaged B. flooding; damaged
C. flooding; damaging D. flooded; damaging
7.Is there enough _______________ for the piano?
A. place B. seat C. a room D .room
8.The old man _______________ the picture and told us a story.
A. pointing at B. pointed out C. pointed to D. pointing to
9.It will be many years before this plan _______________ reality.
A. turn to B. is turned into
C. will turn to D. will be turned into
10.It _______________ that about 200 people had been trapped in the big fire .
A. said B. saying C. is said D. was said
课内课外阅读
1970 was “World Conservation(保护) Year”.The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world is in danger. They hoped that governments would act quickly in order to conserve nature. Here is one example of the problem. At one time there were 1300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only 860 remain. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and water, and everything that grows and lives. We can’t live without these things. If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves.
What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we do now?”The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are helping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests, and so on. In small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of eleven kilometres of their river. Young people may hear about conservation through a record called NO ONE’S GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD. it was made by the Scatles, Cliff Richard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animal s.
1.There are fewer plants, trees and flowers in Holland now because ______________.
A. there has been a lot of conservation in Holland
B. many plants, trees and flowers don’t grow there any more
C. many plants, trees and flowers are dangerous
D. some plants, trees and flowers are dangerous
2.We shall destroy ourselves if we don’t ______________.
A. improve our technology in planting trees
B. hear about the record called NO ONE’S GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD
C. try our best to save the world
D. change the earth
3.NO ONE’S GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLD was ______________.
A. an important book published in 1970
B. an idea that nobody would accept
C. a record calling on people to conserve nature
D.a rule worked out by the United States
4.What is the most important thing for us to do to save our world? We should .
A. plant more trees and flowers
B. clean the banks of our rivers
C. know what will happen in the future
D. know what we should do and begin to do it now
5.What’s the main idea of the passage? ______________.
A.1970 was World Conservation Year
B. The United Nations wanted everybody to know that the world is in danger
C. Conservation is necessary
D. It is the young people who are helping to save our world.




课后练习1：课后练习答案

词组句式运用
1-5 DCBBB 6-10 ADCBD
课内课外阅读
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.C

　


　





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