状语从句的“简化”现象

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  在复合句中,常常根据主句和从句的关系把复合句分为名词性从句、副词性从句(即通常所说的状语从句)及形容词性从句(即通常所说的定语从句)。就状语从句而言,有时为了使句子言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行“简化”。状语从句的“简化”现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考题中的复现率也较高,因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻地了解。
  状语从句的“简化”现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless, whether等引导的让步状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though, wh-ever等引导的让步状语从句; ③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till, once等引导的时间状语从句; ④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句; ⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对状语从句的“简化”现象归纳讲解。
  一、当状语从句的主语是it, 且谓语动词是be时,it和be可完全简化掉。例如:
  If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
  You must attend the meeting on time unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情况对你不便,否则你必须出席这个会议。
  二、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下情形:
  1. 连词+形容词
  As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. 他小时候就学会了怎样骑自行车。
  Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. 她有空就去购物。
  Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
  2. 连词+名词
  While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在孩提时代,就乐于助人。
  3. 连词+现在分词
  As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
  Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. 尽管近来他一直在努力学数学,但仍然没有取得好成绩。
  4. 连词+过去分词
  He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请,否则他是不会和我们一道去那儿的。
  The concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 这场音乐会出乎意料地获得了巨大成功。
  5. 连词+不定式
  He stood up as if (he were) to say something. 他站起来好像要说点什么。
  He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他来负责也解决不了这个问题。
  6. 连词+介词短语
  She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. 她看上去很焦虑,就好像是遇到了麻烦。
  He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA. 他到美国之前就精通英语了。
  注意:若从句主语和主句主语不一致,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
  When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-place. 当会议结束时,所有的人都走出了会场。(=The meeting over, ...)
  (文/杨春吉 孙乐坤)
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