Unit5 A dvertising

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  单元目标
  1.学会使用本单元出现的表示同意agreement和不同意disagreement的交际功能用语.
  2.运用本课所学的语言点,围绕广告的作用这一题材,确切理解课文Advertising,了解广告的一般常识及其作用.要求会用英语流利地复述第18课课文.并套用课文中出现的重要句型.
  3.掌握下列日常交际用语.
  I think it would be a good idea to
  Do you think so? I don’t agree with
  I don’t think so.
  Do you think that...?
  I am afraid I can’t agree with you.
  That is true/right.Of course,I agree.
  What exactly are you suggesting?
  No problem.
  4.正确掌握下面的句型.
  It is time that sb.did something.或It is time that sb.should do something.
  It is time后的定语从句通常需用虚拟语气.
  例如:
  1)It is time that we went (或should go) to bed.
  该是上床睡觉的时候了.
  2)It is high time that we did (或should do) something to stop pollution.
  是采取措施制止污染的时候了.

掌握下面的构词法,合成形容词最常见的构成方法如下:
构成方式
例 词

形容词+名词+ed
middle-aged中年的 kind-hearted好心肠的

形容词+现在分词
good-looking好看的 easy-going好说话的

副词+现在分词
hard-working勤劳的 far-reaching深远的

名词+现在分词
peace-loving热爱和平的 epoch-making划时代的

名词+过去分词
state-owned国营的 heart-felt由衷的

副词+过去分词
highly-developed高速发展的 widely-used广泛应用的

形容词+过去分词
ready-made现成的 new-born新生的

在本单元中出现的是副词+过去分词构成合成形容词,请记住下面的常用词:
  a wrongly-pronunced sound一个发错了的音
  a carefully-decided policy一项慎重考虑的政策
  a well-translated article一篇翻译得很好的文章
  a hastily-written letter一封匆忙写成的信
  a newly-built bridge一座新建的桥梁
  a powerfully-built man一个体格健壮的人

  Grammar Revising the Past Participle(复习过去分词)
  过去分词的运用要注意以下几点:
  1.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别.
  作表语的过去分词相当于形容词,表示主语的特点或所处的状态;被动语态中的过去分词是动词,表示动作.例如:
  The book is well written.
  这本书写得很好.
  The book was written by a soldier.
  这书是一位战士写的.
  过去分词作表语构成的句子一般多用一般现在时,而被动结构的时态要与相应的主动结构一致.例如:
  The tall building is completed.
  大楼已竣工.
  The tall building was completed last year.
  大楼是去年建成的.
用做表语的过去分词,多半已形容词化或相当于形容词.常见的有:bro-ken,known,surprised,worried,pleased,interested,determined,experienced,etc.如:
  I’m pleased to see you.
  见到你我很高兴.
  He is interested in medicine.
  他对医学感兴趣.
  2.过去分词作宾语补语.
  及物动词的过去分词表示被动关系
  I once heard the song sung in Russian.
  我曾听人用俄语唱了这首歌.
  不及物动词的过去分词表示动作的完成
  When he woke up,he found all the guests gone.
  当他醒来时,他发现所有的客人都走了.
  3.过去分词作状语,它的逻辑上的主语要跟主句主语一致,它们之间的关系是被动关系.
  Given necessary help,he may finish the work in time.
  如果给他必要的帮助,他可以按时完成这个工作.
  Supplied by a proper amount of air,the fire continued to burn.
  因为供给了适量的空气,火继续燃烧.


核心知识
  1.So what exactly are you suggesting?
  那么,你到底想建议什么呢?
  有些副词例如:exactly,always,often等和进行时态连用,表示一种感情色彩.这里,表示说话人的一种不耐烦的情绪.又如:
  You mustn’t always be speaking so fast.
  你不要总是说得这么快.
  Why are you always being late?
  你为什么总是迟到?
  2.We can bring in some hum our too.= We can make the advertisement humorous too.我们可以使广告幽默些.
  bring in引进,带进,挣得,收入
  We have brought in some new products from foreign countries.
  我们从国外引进了一些新产品.
  3.The development of radio,television,cinema,magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.无线电、电视、电影、杂志和报纸的发展同广告业的发展是齐头并进的.hand in hand连在一起,联合(always happening together)
  Theory should go hand in hand with practice.
  理论应当与实践相结合.
  Dirt and disease go hand in hand.脏和疾病是连在一起的.
  4.Therefore advertising,instead of making a product more expensive,make sit cheaper.因此,广告不会使产品更昂贵,相反却会使产品更便宜.
  instead of代替;而不是……;而没有…….后接名词、代词、动名词,有时也接介词词组.例如:
  He is going to give the lesson instead of me.
  他将代替我去上课.
  She is going to go over maths instead of English.
  她打算复习数学,而不是英语.
  They went to the park this morning on foot instead of by bus.
  今天早上,他们是步行去公园的,而不是乘公共汽车去的.
  5.Once managers would say jokingly,“I know that half of what I spend on advertising is wasted,but I don’t know which half.”( =..., “I know that much of the money which I spent on advertising is wasted,but I don’t know exactly which part of the money is wasted.”)
  在过去,经理们常会开玩笑地说,“我知道我花的广告费有一半是浪费了,但是我不知道究竟是哪一半.”
  1)Once manager would say = Once managers used to talk about the money which they spent on advertising in the following way.
  2)jokingly是由动词ing形式后缀ly构成的副词,译为“开玩笑地”.类似的副词还有smilingly(笑嘻嘻地),surprisingly(使人惊讶地),understandingly(理解地)等.
  6.Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement,and a person who will buy space in newspapers or time on TV.( = A person who thinks up an idea and a person who will buy space in newspapers or time on TV will also be present at the meeting.)
  出席会议的还有广告的策划者以及要在报纸上买版面或向电视台买时段的人.
  1)本句是一个将表语在句首的倒装句.它有两个并列的主语,并都带有who引导的定语从句,说明出席会议的两种不同身份的人.本句用倒装结构,主要是保持句子的平衡,避免头重脚轻的现象.又如:
  Nearby are houses built by the farmers in recent years.
  附近是农民近几年自己盖的房子.
  Here is China’s largest tropical forest.
  这里是中国最大的热带森林.
  Also present at the meeting were government officials,scientists and artists.出席会议的还有政府官员、科学家和艺术家.
  2)think up想出,设计出(to invent,imagine)
  She thought up a funny game for the children to play.她想出了一个有趣的游戏给孩子们做.
  The prisoners tried to think up a plan for escape.犯人企图拟出一个逃跑的计划.
  7.If the advertising fails ,having no effect on sales,the whole programme will be reviewed.
  如果广告失败,对销售额不起作用,那么就得对整个广告过程进行重新检查.
  fail vi.失败,不及格,缺乏
  I failed in persuading him.
  我没能说服他.
  He failed in the maths examination.
  他数学考试不及格.
  The hot water supply failed last night.
  昨晚,热水供应中断.
  fail后接不定式表示“不,不能,忘记”
  She got up late and failed to catch the early bus.
  她起晚了,没能赶上早班车.
  He failed to see what I meant.
  他未懂我的意思.
  8.Today’s advertisements often start with a question,or a puzzle,with a purpose of attracting the reader’s attention.
  今天的广告常常以一个问句或一个谜语开头,目的是引起读者的注意.
  start with以……为起点,先做(begin with)
  The new English teacher began our class with a joke.
  新英语老师上课时先给我们讲了个笑话.
  Knowledge begins with practice.
  知识来自实践.
  9.But this is usually contained in a text that is interesting and often funny.
  但这通常包含在一篇有趣而又滑稽可笑的广告词中.
  text译为“正文、全文”,在这儿译为“广告词”,又如:
  The history contains 300 pages of text and about 50 pages of notes,explanations and questions for study.
  该历史书有300页正文,大约50页的注解、注解及供研究的问题.
  10.“X puts life into dry hair .
  X使干发增添生气.
  life译为“精神,生气,活力”
  Put more life into your work.工作时要有精神.
  Children are full of life.孩子们生气勃勃.


典型例题
  微型语境题
  微型语境题是指考生在解题过程中除要考虑广义的语法规则外还要遵循上下文的规则.此类题的题干可以是一个简单句,一个复合句,或由两个以上的句子和对话组成.
  ①题干是一个简单句,通过其中一个词或短语,创设一个微型语境.
  例1 NMET 1999
  Few pleasures can equal __________ of a cool drink on a hot day.
  A.some B.any C.that D.those
  此题中的指示代词that代替前面pleasure避免重复,又因为是“大热天一种凉爽饮料的快感”,所以不能用those.故此题应选C.
  例2 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,___________ it more difficult.
  A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
  此题中的not用来强调to make life easier的相反意义.因此要用动词不定式的否定结构.此题应选B.
  例3 You’ll find the map of great ___________ in helping you to get round London.
  A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
  此题中的in helping you to get round London意思为“在有助于你在伦敦的行走方面”,所以应该是地图的价值(value),而非价格(price),成本(cost).故此题应选C.
  例4 NMET 1998
  European football is played in 80 countries,_________ it the most popular sport in the world.
  A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
  此题用分词做状语,表示结果.故此题应选A.
②题干是一个复合句,通过置于主句或从句中所创设的微型语境,确立选项的依据.
  例5 NNET 1999
  _________ you’ve got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.
  A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as
  此题中,根据主句的意思,从句应表示原因,now that意思是“既然”,所以此题应选A.
  例6 NMET 1998
  I hate __________ when people talk with their mouths full.
  A.it B.that C.these D.them
  此题中it作形式宾语,代表后面when结构,故此题应选A.
  例7 NMET 1998
  Nobody noticed the thief ship into the house because the lights happened to________________.
  A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out
  此题从主句所提供的信息可判断出小偷进来时,灯都熄了.故此题应选D.
  例8 NMET 1998
  They _________ the train until it disappeared in the distance.
  A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observed
  此题从句中所提供的信息“直到火车在远处消失”,因此可判断为“他们注意看”.故此题应选B.
  ③题干由两个以上的句子或两个并列句构成,通过置于前或后的句子中所设置的微型语境,确立选项的依据.
  例9 NMET 1998
  Professor White has written some short stories,but he is _________ known for his plays.
  A.the best B.more C.better D.the most
  此题前一个分句中短篇小说和后一个分句中的剧本,应有比较的成分.又因为以……为著称应用be well known for.因此此题应选C.
  例10 NMET 1999
  Robert is said _________ abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.
  A.to have studied B.to study
  C.to be studying D.to have been studing
  此题后一个分句的意思为:“但是我不知道他在那个国家学习过.”因此我们可推断出他已经在国外学习过.故此题应选A.
  例11 NMET 1999
  The price________,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
  A.went down B.will go down
  C.has gone down D.was going down
  此题后一个分句的意思为:“但是我怀疑价格下跌是否还将持续”,显然说话者的立足点在现在,故此题应选C.
  例12 NMET 1999
  Your performance in the driving test din’t reach the required standard—___________,you failed.
  A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time
  此题前一个分句的意思为“你在驾驶测试中的表现没有达到所要求的标准”,和后一个分句“你没及格”实际是一回事,应此此题应选C.in other words意思为“换句话说”.
  例13 NMET 1998
  Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge.I can’t remember___________.
  A.where B.there C.which D.that
  本题缺少的成分是宾语,副词不能作宾语,所以A和B可以排除;本题前一句提到两所大学,即限定了范围.在“某一范围内选择哪一个”时,应该用which,所以C是正确答案.
  例14 NMET 1998
  _________ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
  A.When left B.Leaving C.If you leave D.Leave
  从and前、后两部分的意思判断,前面是一个具有条件从句性质的祈使句,正确答案是D.
  ④题干是由对话组成,选项决定于前一个人或后一个人所说的话而设置的一个微型语境,以此为确定选项的依据.
  例15 NMET 1998
  —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
  —I’m afraid ___________ day is possible.
  A.either B.neither C.some D.any
  本题上句提出Monday or Tuesday,即指两者:从正句“I’m afraid”推测,两者都否定,所以应选择B.
  例16 NMET 1998
  —Nancy is not coming tonight.
  —But she______________?
  A.promise B.promised C.will promise D.had promised
  本题上句说Nancy将不来了,下句说“但她答应来的呀!”从上下句的情景推测,“答应”这一动作是在两人谈话之前发生的,所以应该用过去时态;语境中没有隐含“过去的过去”,所以B是正确答案.
  例17 NMET 1998
  —I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
  —Oh,did you? You __________ with Barbara.
  A.could have stayed B.could stay
  C.would stay D.must have stayed
  从上句“I stayed at a hotel...”提供的语境看,该对话说的是过去的事情.表示过去本来能做而实际上没有做到的,用could + have+动词过去分词”,所以应选A.
  例18 NMET 1999
  —Are new rules working?
  —Yes.___________books are stolen.
  A.Few B.More C.Some D.None
  从下句Yes所暗示的情景分析,新的规则在起作用,由此判断,现在几乎没有书被偷.所以应选A.
  例19 NMET 1999
  —Alice,you feed the bird today,___________?
  —But I fed it yesterday.
  A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you
  从下句回答内容所提供的情景看,上句不是一般的陈述句,而是一个表示命令或请求而又保留说话对象(you)的祈使句.所以答案是B而不是D.
  例20 NMET 1999
  —Hey,look where you are going?
  —Oh.I’m terribly sorry._________.
  A.I’m not noticing B.I wasn’t noticing
  C.I haven’t noticed D.I don’t notice
  本题的情景是前一个人向后一个人提出警告后,后一个人意识到了在做那件事的时候没有注意到,是指“刚才”的事,所以应用过去时态,答案应该是B.


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