Unit8 A person of great determination
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　　单元目标
1．正确掌握并能熟练运用几种过去时：
一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时和过去完成进行时
　　①一般过去时
　　(A)表示某一确定的过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态
　　eg：When did the Red Army started on the Long March?
　　红军什么时候开始长征的?
　　(B)表示过去某一段时间内经常发生成为习惯的动作
　　eg：We used to get up at 5 every morning when we were in the country．
　　在农村时，我们每天早晨5点起床．
　　(C)在时间、条件状语从句中，一般过去时代替过去将来时
　　eg：The meeting would start the moment he arrived．
　　他一到，会议就将开始．
　　②过去进行时
　　(A)表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
　　eg：What were you doing at 8 p．m．yesterday evening?
　　昨晚8点你在干什么?
　　(B)表示过去某个阶段正在进行的动作或正在发生的历史事件
　　eg：We were building a dam last winter．
　　去年冬天我们一直在修一座水坝．
　　③过去完成时
　　(A)表示在过去某一时间之前就已完成的动作
　　eg：By the end of last year，he had learned 1，000 English words．
　　到去年年底为止，他已经学了1000个英语单词了．
　　(B)表示从过去某一时刻起，一直延续到另一个过去时刻
　　eg：They had worked for 12 hours by six p．m．
　　到下午6点钟为止，他们已工作了12小时．
　　④过去完成进行时
　　主要表示从过去某一时间以前就一直进行的动作，该动作一直延续到过去某一时刻，并有可能再继续延续下去．用图表示：
这段时间进行的动作
　　eg：Yesterday she came across me in the market and asked me what I had been doing these days．
　　昨天她在市场里碰到了我，并问我这些天一直在干什么．
　　2．用下列词和词组复述课文
　　on a fine day；sailing ship；across the Atlantic；towards．．．；with all onboard；but for；
　　leak；lose the battle；on the point of．．．；take charge；encourage sb．to do．．．；3 times during that day；give up；in the end；safely；express．．．to sb．；hold one’s hand firmly；
　　recognize；some thirty years ago；the determination
　　表解重点

构 成
常用的时间状语

一般过
去时
worked
yesterday；last week(month．．．)；ago；in 1 960；once；at that time；just now；the other day；when．．．；every day(week．．．)

过去进
行时
was working were working
yesterday morning(afternoon．．．)；at 10 p．m．．last night；at that time；when．．．；as．．．

过去完
成时
had worked
by；before；until；as soon as：when；already；yet；still；never；hardly；ever；just；since；by the end of last year；by then

过去完成
进行时
had been working
these years；for；by the end of last month；by then；since

　　过去各种时态及常用的时间状语(以work为例)
　　讨论难点

一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时

构
成
was given
were given
was being given
were being given
had been given

　　1．过去时被动语态的构成(以give为例)
　　eg：①China’s first television station was set up in Beijing in 1958．
　　中国第一座电视台已于1958年在北京建成．
　　②At that time Professor Wang was being asked many questions about the universe．
　　当时有关宇宙的许多问题正在请教王教授．
　　③Production costs had been greatly reduced in the factory by the end of last year．
　　到去年年底前，这家厂的生产成本已大大降低了．
　　2．P 128 in the Workbook
　　请注意这一句型：
　　It would be 2 months before they could get another one．
　　要过两个月他们才能再搞到一只猴子．
　　eg：It will be 2 hours before Tom comes back．
　　要过两个小时汤姆才会回来．
　　*It was not long before…．不久……
　　eg：He killed that landlord on the cold evening．It was not long be fore went north．
　　在那个寒冷的夜晚，他杀了那个地主．不久他就北上了．


核心知识
　　1．正确掌握并熟练运用下列交际用语
　　做错事时的用语：I’m sorry about that．
I’m sorry to have done that．
I didn’t mean to be so rude．
I feel rather ashamed．
I apologize for being so angry with you．
I’m afraid that IP lease excuse me for
　　别人向你道歉时你可用：That’s OK．That’s all right．
Never mind．It’s not important．
That’s nothing．It doesn’t matter．
Don’t worry about that．There is no need to do
　　2．本单元词、词语和句型的用法
　　① change one’s mind： change one’s plan
　　eg： Once you make a decision，you’d better not change your mind．
　　一旦你作出决定，你最好别改变主意．
　　② be sorry to do be sorry for be sorry about be sorry that
　　以上几种用法译为：难过，抱歉，遗憾，后悔
　　eg：I am sorry to have been so foolish．我很难过我会这么傻．
　　I’m sorry for giving you so much trouble．对不住，给你带来这么多麻烦．
　　Aren’t you sorry about what you have done?
　　难道你不为你自己的所做所为感到遗憾吗?
　　I was sorry that he had to go at once．我很遗憾他得马上走．
　　③There is no need for．．．．There is no need(for sb．)to do．．．．
　　eg：There is no need for alarm．没必要惊慌．
　　There is no need for him to stay in Beijing．对他来说没必要待在北京．
　　*SB．have／has(no)need of sth．SB．have／has(no)need to do．．．．
　　eg：We have no need of your help．我们不需要你的帮助．
　　He has need to practise speaking English every day．
　　他需要每天练习说英语．
　　④besides adv．moreover；also再者；况且
　　eg：I don’t want to see the film；besides，it’s raining outside．
　　我不想去看那部电影，况且，外面又在下雨．
　　⑤burst into：后置名词；表示突然……
　　burst out：后置动名词；表示突然……
　　eg：burst into tears／laughter译文：突然哭起来／突然笑起来
　　burst out crying／laughing译文：突然哭起来／突然笑起来
　　⑥but for：假如没有，不是(句子谓语多用虚拟语气)
　　eg：But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey．
　　要不是那场雨的话，我们应该有一次愉快的旅行．
　　But for my brother’s help l would not have finished the work．
　　多亏我哥哥帮忙，否则我不会完成这项工作．
　　⑦on the point of．．．正要(去干某事)
　　eg：I was just on the point of leaving when the telephone rang．
　　我正要离开，就在那时电话铃响了．
　　The coach was on the point of giving up the game when our team scored two points．
　　教练正准备放弃比赛，这时我们队得了两分．
　　⑧envy：后可置间接或直接宾语，译为羡慕和嫉妒．
　　eg：I don’t envy you your journey in this bad weather．
　　我不羡慕你在这坏天气里去旅行．
　　eg：I envy your good fortune．
　　我羡慕你的好运．
　　⑨leave：可用动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、名词、介词短语、做宾语补足语．
　　eg：We left him to play alone．我们让他独自一人玩．
　　Don’t leave her standing outside．It’s cold．
　　别让她站在外面，外面冷．
　　He got up late and had to leave the breakfast unfinished．
　　他起得晚了，不得不没吃完早饭就走．
　　Hearing the bad news，Tom hurried to the hospital，leaving the door open．
　　一听到这坏消息，汤姆门都不关，就急匆匆赶往医院．
　　Leave your hat and coat in the hall．
　　把你的帽子和上衣放在客厅里好了．
　　Her parents died and she was left an orphan．
　　她父母死了，留下她成了孤儿．
　　⑩with+名词：可用动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，做宾语补足语
　　eg：So in the afternoon，with nothing to do，I went on around of the bookshops．
　　所以在下午，由于没事可干，我去书店逛了一圈．
　　With the price of gold going up，South Africa’s economy was good．
　　随着黄金价格的上扬，南非的经济复苏了．
　　All the afternoon he was reading with the door closed．
　　整个下午，他闭门读书．
　　Last week I met with an interesting boy with two front teeth missing．
　　上星期，我碰到了一位令人有趣的，掉了两颗门牙的男孩．
　　With John away，we all felt disappointed．
　　约翰走了，我们大家都感到失望．
　　Hearing the footstep，the man rushed out with a gun in his hand．
　　一听到脚步声，那男的就手拿一杆枪冲了出去．
　　⑾search sb．for sth．为某物搜某人的身
　　search some place．for sb．／sth．为某人或某物搜查某地
　　search for：到处搜寻
　　search out：找寻到
　　search through：把……仔细搜寻一遍
　　eg：They were searching the spy for a secret map．
　　他们为了一张秘密地图而搜那位特务的身．
　　I’ve searched all my drawers for the letter，but I can’t find it．
　　我为了那封信已搜遍了所有的抽屉，但没能找到．
　　We should search for the lost child till we find him．
　　我们应该搜寻那位丢失的小孩，直到找到为止．
　　The police were trying to search out the real murderer．
　　警察正在尽力找出那位真正的杀人犯．
　　He searched through his pockets and still can’t find his keys．
　　他把他的口袋都仔细搜了一遍，但仍找不到他的钥匙．
　　⑿towards：prep．near
　　eg：They left towards 10 o’clock．他们将近10点离开．
　　towards evening；将近傍晚
　　(13)on board：(A)on a ship／a plane／a train
　　(B)onto／into a ship／a plane／a train
　　eg：There were 500 people on board when the ship sank．
　　船沉时，船上有500人．
　　I left the airport after she got on board the plane．
　　她登上飞机后，我离开了机场．
　　2．辨析①for sale；intended to be sold ( usu．by or on behalf of the owners)
　　on sale：(of goods in shops，etc．)offered for purchase
　　eg：Is the house for sale?
　　这屋出售吗?
　　There are some nice apples on sale in that shop．
　　那家商店有上好的苹果卖．
　　②mean to do．．．：打算干……
　　mean doing．．．：意味着干……
　　be meant for：适合于……
　　eg：I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings．I’m sorry．
　　对不起．我不是有意要伤害你的感情．
　　Accepting that job means living abroad．
　　接受那工作意味着要住在国外．
　　He is not meant for a soldier and will always be unhappy in the army．
　　他不适合当兵，在军队里他永远不会快乐．
　　③remark：n．comment
　　review：n．article that critically examines a new book，etc．
　　eg：He made a few remarks about the people in that area．
　　他对那个地区的人发表了一些看法．
　　Your remarks may have hurt her feelings．
　　你的评论可能伤了他的感情．
　　g：His book got good reviews．
　　他的书受到好评．
　　write reviews for the monthly magazines
　　为月刊写书评
　　④except：除去……(不包括……)
　　except tor：除去……(除去部分和主语不同类)可放在句前或句后
　　but：除去……(多和nothing，not anything，nobody，nowhere，who，all等连用
　　besides：除去……还有……(包括……)
　　apart from：besides，except for；可放在句前或句后
　　eg：They all went to sleep except Tom．
　　除了汤姆他们都去睡觉了．
　　Your picture is good except for some of the colours．
　　你的画除了一些色彩之外整体是好的．
　　Except for one old lady，the bus was empty．
　　除了一位老太太，那公共汽车是空的．
　　Nobody else but Robert could say such a thing．
　　除了Robert没人会说这样的事．
　　Who but a fool would do such a thing?
　　除了傻瓜谁会做那样的事?
　　He had other people to take care of besides me．
　　他除了我之外还有别的人要照顾(我也要他照顾)．
　　Apart from them，I had no one to talk to．
　　除了他们之外，我没有可谈话的人．
　　The children hardly see anyone，apart from their parents．
　　这些孩子除了他们的父母之外，几乎看不到任何别人．
　　⑤prepare for：为……作准备
　　prepare．．．for．．．：为……准备……
　　prepare sb．for．．．：为某人准备……
　　be prepared for．．．：对……做好了准备
　　eg：I’m preparing for the College Entrance Examination．
　　我正为大学入学考试作准备．
　　I’m preparing some clothes for the trip．
　　我正为旅行准备一些衣服．
　　These mothers are busy preparing their children for schooling．
　　这些母亲们正忙着为她们的孩子们准备上学．
　　Philip wasn’t prepared for the question．
　　菲利普对那问题没有做好准备．


典型例题
　　1 MET 1992
　　— We could have walked to the station；it was so near．
　　— Yes．A taxi __ at all necessary．
　　A．wasn’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．won’t be
　　—我们本来可以走着到车站的．它这么近．
　　一是的．坐出租车一点都没有必要．
　　答案：A．说这句话时，他们已经到了车站．所以坐出租车已是过去的动作．
　　2 MET 1992
　　Tom __________into the house when no one_________．
　　A．slipped；was looking B．had slipped；looked
　　C．slipped；had looked D．was slipping；looked
　　汤姆溜进那栋房子，当时没有一个人看见．
　　答案：A．when在这句子中解释为just at that time，强调汤姆在溜进房间的一瞬间，没人看见．
　　3 MET 1995
　　I don’t think Jim saw me；he _________ into space．
　　A．just stared B．was just staring
　　C．has just stared D．had just stared．
　　我想吉姆没看见我．他只是凝视着太空．
　　答案：B．本题两句间有因果关系．第二句是第一分句的原因．同时，这两个分句间还有时间关系，第一分句的谓语动词saw是短动词，因此其代表某点的时间，这就是第二分句的谓语动词为什么用过去进行时的原因．
　　4 NMET 1997
　　I first met Lisa three years ago．She ____________ at a radio shop at that time．
　　A．has worked B．was working
　　C．had been working D．had worked
　　三年前，我第一次碰到丽莎．她那时正在一家收音机商店工作．
　　答案：B．从第一句话的过去时，我们可以看出第二句话我们也得用过去时．用过去进行时，是因为在第二句话句尾有at that time这个短语．





关于“Unit8 A person of great determination”的常见问题】

常见问题1: 高三英语 Unit8 A person of great determination
问题：

　　As she__________ the newspaper，Granny _____________ asleep．
　　A．read；was falling B．was reading；fell
　　C．was reading；was falling D．read；fall

解答:

　　译文：她正在读报的时候，她的奶奶入睡了．
　　答案：B．read是一个延续性动词，而fall是一个瞬间动词．

常见问题2: 高三英语 Unit8 A person of great determination
问题：

　　Helen __ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____________ home．
　　A．has left；comes B．left；had come
　　C．had left；came D．had left；would come

解答:

　　译文：海伦把她的钥匙遗忘在了办公室，所以她只得等她丈夫回家．
　　答案：C．在so引导的复合从句中，主句用了had to过去时，在until引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替一般将来时．第一分句的谓语动作发生在第二分句之前，所以应用过去完成时．

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