Unit10 The Trick
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　　单元目标
　　1．能将各种句式的直接引语转变成间接引语．
　　①如果直接引语是陈述句，则转变成由that引导的宾语从句．
　　eg．He said，“I am a middle school student．”
　　He said that he was a middle school student．
　　②如果直接引语是一般疑问句，则转变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句．
　　eg．The boy asked his mother，“ Can I go to play basketball?”
　　The boy asked his mother whether he could play basketball．
　　③如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，则转变成由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句．
　　eg．He asked me，“Where did you get these books ?”
　　He asked me where I had got those books．
　　④如果直接引语是选择疑问句，则转变成由whether．．．or．．引导的宾语从句．
　　eg．Mary asked me，“Will you go with me or stay at home?”
　　Mary asked me whether I would go with her or stay at home．
　　⑤如果直接引语是反意疑问句，则转变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句．
　　eg．She asked，“You have passed the exams，haven’t you?”
　　She asked us if we had passed the exams．
　　⑥如果直接引语是祈使句，则转变成ask，tell，order等动词+宾语+不定式的句式．
　　eg．“Tom，don’t read in bed”，said the teacher．The teacher told Tom not to read in bed．
　　⑦如果直接引语是感叹句，则转变成由what，how或that引导的宾语从句．
　　eg．“How beautiful the flowers are!”he said．He said how beautiful the flowers were．或He said that the flowers were beautiful．
　　2．能理解和运用“情态动词+不定式的完成体形式”．
　　①must+have+done表示讲话人的把握性最大，一般译为“想必已经”“一定已经”．
　　用于肯定的陈述句中．其否定形式用“can’t+have+done”．
　　eg．The ground is wet．It must have rained yesterday．
　　地面是湿的．昨晚一定下过雨了．
　　I didn’t hear the phone．I must have been asleep．
　　eg．There is only five minutes’walk．We needn’t have taken a taxi．
　　只有五分钟的路程，我们本来不必乘出租车．
　　3．能根据故事情节复述课文．
　　表解重点
　　直接引语变间接引语的一般规则
　　1．时态变化
直接引语
间接引语；

一般现在时
一般过去时

现在进行时
过去进行时

现在完成时
过去完成时

一般将来时
过去将来时

一般过去时
当从句中无明确时间状语时为过去完成时；
当从句中有明确时间状语时为一般过去时．

　　2．时态变化时应注意的问题
　　①如直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变．
　　eg：He said，“The earth moves around the sun．”
　　He said that the earth moves around the sun．
　　②如直接引语所表述的事在目前和在当时说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变．
　　eg：She said，“I am a little girl．”
　　She said that she is a little girl．
　　③如直接引语是过去完成时，变间接引语时，时态不变．
　　eg：He said to his father，“I had finished my homework before supper．”
　　He said to his father that he had finished his homework before supper．
　　④直接引语变间接引语时，虚拟语气部分的时态不变．
　　eg：The boy said，“I wish I didn’t recite every text．”
　　The boy said that he wished he didn’t recite every text．
　　3．人称的变化
　　要根据说话人、听话人或第三者的相互关系，作出相应的变化．
　　eg：She said to me，“I will go to see your mother tomorrow．”
　　She told me that she would go to see my mother the next day．
　　4．其他变化
　　包括指示代词，表示时间、地点的词以及表示方向的动词的变化．
　　详见下表．

直接引语
间接引语

指示代词
this
these
that
those

表示时间的词
now
today，tonight
tomorrow
this week
yesterday
last week
the day before yesterday
the day after tomorrow
three days ago
next week
then
that day，that night
the next(following)day
that week
the day before
the week before
two days before
in two days’time
three days before
the next(following)week

表示地
点的词
here
there

动词
come
go


　　讨论难点
　　1．词语辨析：loud，aloud，loudly
　　loud既是形容词，也是副词，译为“大声的”或“大声地”．
　　eg：speak out loud
　　cry out loud(副词)
　　in a loud voice(形容词)
　　aloud是副词，译为“出声地”，常用于词组read aloud“朗读中”
　　loudly也是副词，译为“大声喧哗地”或“吵闹地”．
　　eg：Don’t speak loudly，please．
　　It’s bad manners to knock at the door loudly．
　　2．Lesson 40 Part II Writing
　　这是一个写作练习．要求学生用所给的词语，以米克的口气来写课文中所学过的故事．
　　注意两点：一是要写清楚故事发展的整个过程；二要注意语句简练．
　　下面这篇短文供作参考：
　　One Thursday at midday，I was working in my office，when I had a sudden phone call from Bill．His voice sounded very anxious，and he told me that some men were following him．He was afraid that they might steal his case．He told me to go to Pyramid Hotel at once ．Immediately after my arrival，I would ring his room，listen and not speak anything over the phone at all，so that nobody at the entrance hall would hear the conversation．When I arrived at the hotel，l rang Bill and he told me to go to Room 511．When I got to Room 511，I knocked at the door and Bill gave me a box with the computer program in it and put it in my case．I took the lift to the ground floor and took a taxi to the airport．Nobody recognized me，and nobody knew that I was working with Bill．I caught a plane to Japan and delivered the computer program to our customer．


核心知识
　　1．掌握表示推测的交际用语
　　①表示对某事有100％的把握时，可用I’m sure．．．．或I think／guess……．
　　eg．I’m sure he will help me．我确信他会帮助我的．
　　②表示对某事没有把握而不能肯定时，可用It looks as if．．．或It seemsthat．．．．．
　　eg．It looks as ifit’s going to rain．看来天好像要下雨了．
　　It seems that he has known the secret．他似乎知道了这个秘密．
　　③表示对某事有95％的把握时，用情态动词must+be动词或must+be+现在分词，表示对现在情况的猜测，可翻译为“想必／一定……”．其否定形式为can’t+be动词或can’t+be+现在分词．对过去情况的猜测见单元目标2．
　　eg．He must be from an English-speaking country，for he speaks English thatwell．
　　他一定是来自讲英语的国家，因为他英语讲得这么好．
　　She can’tbe in the office，for the light is out．灯灭了，她一定不在办公室．
　　It’s too late．Your mother must be waiting for you．
　　太晚了，你妈妈一定在等你．
　　④表示对某事有60％的把握时，用情态动词may／might／could+be动词或may／might／could+be+现在分词，表示对现在情况的推测，其否定形式为may／might／could not+be动词原形或may／might／could not+be+现在分词．
　　eg．He may be at home．他可能在家．
　　He couldn’t be doing his homework，because there is a wonderful football match now．他不可能在做家庭作业，因为现在有场精彩的足球比赛．
　　2．词组和句型学习
　　①Three students are searching the room of Linda Bell who has disappeared．
　　三个学生在搜查失踪的琳达·贝尔的房间．
　　search vt．搜查．search somebody：搜(某人的)身；search some place：搜查某地
　　例如：The policemen are searching the thief．警察在搜小偷的身．
　　search与介词for搭配(search for)则译为“寻找”“搜寻”．
　　例如：They searched the forest for the missing boy yesterday．
　　他们昨天搜查了森林找这个丢失的男孩．
　　②I’m sure she’ll just turn up．我肯定她会露面的．
　　句中的“turn up”译为“出现”“露面”“被找到”．
　　eg．The book you’ve lost will turn up someday．
　　你丢失的那本书总有一天会找到的．
　　turn up还有“将(水，煤气，音量等)开大”之义．
　　eg．Would you please rum up the radio a little?I’m interested in the music．
　　你能将收音机声音旋大一点好吗？我对这音乐感兴趣．
　　③Once again he paused in front of a shop window as though he was admiring something，then glanced over his shoulder before continuing down the street．
　　他再次在一家商店的橱窗前停了下来，好像是在观赏什么东西，然后他回头望了望，就又沿街走去．
　　句中的as though引起的从句中一般用虚拟语气．动词be常用were．但在非正式文体或口语中也可用was代替were．
　　eg．The teacher treats me so well as if I were her own daughter．
　　老师对我如此好，好像我是她的亲生女儿．
　　句中的glance译为“匆匆一看”“一瞥”，常同介词at，over，through等连用．
　　eg．He glanced over his shoulder to see if he was being followed．
　　他回头瞥了一眼，看看是不是被人跟踪了．
　　He glanced through the letter and tore it into pieces．
　　他把信粗略地看了一眼，就把它撕成了碎片．
　　④On his arrival，he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in u-niform behind it．
　　一到饭店，他就直朝服务台走去，同坐在柜台后面身着制服的工作人员说话．
　　介词短语on his arrival相当于表示时间的状语从句(as soon as he arrived)．介词on／upon后跟名词或动名词表示“在……之时”或“一……就．．．．．．”．．．．．
　　eg．On hearing the news，she couldn’t help crying．
　　一听到这个消息，她禁不住哭了．
　　On the entrance of the teacher，they stopped talking．
　　一看到老师进来，他们就停止了讲话．
　　⑤Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns．
　　在入口处的外边站着两个带枪的警察．
　　这是一个完全倒装句，谓语动词stood完全置于主语two police officers之前了．当地点状语置于句首时，句子一般要主语谓语倒装．
　　eg．In front of the room were sitting two old men．门前坐着两个老人．
　　⑥He was sure to make a lot of money．他肯定能赚一大笔钱了．
　　句中“be sure to do something”译为“相信”“一定能……”．
　　eg．He is sure to pass the physical exam．他一定能通过物理考试．
　　⑦They found themselves next to a bathroom at the bottom of a flight of twelve stairs．
　　他们发现自己是在一个洗澡间的旁边，在一节十二级台阶的楼梯的下端．
　　“find oneself”‘后跟形容词、介词短语、现在分词短语或过去分词短语，意思是“意外地发现自己(处于某地或某种状态)”．
　　eg．He finally found himself at the edge of the lake．
　　他最后发现自己在湖边了．
　　She found herself walking in the direction of the park．
　　她发现自己正朝公园的方向走去．
　　⑧They turned around and stood in the middle of the room，completely astonished．他们转过身来，站在房间中央，完全惊呆了．
　　“completely astonished”是形容词短语，作状语，表示主语当时所处的一种状态，相当于and they were completely astonished．例如：
　　He stood there，unable to believe it was true．
　　他站在那里，不能相信这是真的．
　　He jumped at the news，greatly pleased．
　　听到这个消息，他高兴地跳起来了．


典型例题
　　剖示考点
　　NMET 2000完形填空第40小题
　　The _______ of a’body clock，should not be too surprising since the lives of most fiving things are controlled by the-hour cycle．
　　A．invention B．opinion C．story D．idea
　　正确答案是D．这道困难的是在idea和opinion之间选择．idea和opin-ion是同义词．idea是一个动态的名词，其含义是处置某件事的计划，判断，理解及对其实现之可能性的评测．而opinion是状态名词，其含义是对某件事或某个人的看法或舆论．试卷中的“The idea of a’body clock，should not be too surprising…”的意思是有关生物钟的假设不应使人太过惊讶．所以应选D．
　　NMET 1999·25
　　—Alice，you feed the bird today，_____?
　　—But I fed it yesterday．
　　A．do you B．will you C．didn’t you D．don’t you
　　该题考查的是祈使句的反意疑问句，而非 般陈述句的反意疑问句，故答案是B．能否看出此题是祈使句，成为答题的关键．我们对不带主语的(或省略第二人称you)的祈使句很熟悉，但对祈使句也可以带主语(you不省略)这一点知之很少．下面这些都是属于带主语的祈使句．
　　1．当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时．
　　eg：You go over there and sit next to Tom，while he and I stay here．
　　你到那里坐在汤姆旁边，我和他留在这里．
　　2．当说话强调上级对下级、长者对年青人或小孩讲话时．
　　eg：You listen to me．你听我说．
　　3．当祈使句以don’t开头又要加重语气时．
　　eg：Don’t you dare to cause any more trouble．你敢再捣乱．
　　4．当祈使句的主语是someone，somebody，everyone，everybody等泛指第三人称时．
　　eg：Everyone be here al 7：30．大家7：30到这里．
　　5．当说话人有急噪或厌烦情绪时．
　　eg：You do it right away．你立刻做这件事．
　　6．当祈使句谓语部分有副词up，down，out，off等，且这些副词被置于句首时．
　　eg：In you jump．你跳进去吧．




【关于“Unit10 The Trick”的常见问题】

常见问题1: 高三英语 Unit 10 The Trick
问题：

　　The meeting，_____tomorrow is about how to deal with such kind of problem．
　　A．held B．to be held C．holding D．to be holding

解答:

　　这种题可以用“增元法”解，使内容变得丰满，反差加大，从而有利于解题．所谓“增元法”是将题干中隐去的部分或省略的成分补齐，在各种成分齐全的条件下，对选项进行判断的方法．如：
　　选项B=the meeting，which is to be held tomorrow，is about how to deal with such kind of problem．这样答案就很明确了．答案是B．

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