Unit12 Mainly revision

中学英语教学资源网英语教案教学设计 手机版


  单元目标
  1.通过学习本单元内容,使学生了解动物冬眠的知识,并培养学生热爱动物,保护动物的意识.
  2.掌握派生构词的主要形式
  派生是指一个词加上前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)变成一个新词.加后缀一般改变词性,派生词的词义与原词有联系.
  ①由动词派生成名词的主要形式
  read读—reader读者
  visit拜访—visitor拜访者
  direct指导—director导演
  beg乞讨—beggar乞丐
  train训练—trainer教练
  wait等待—waiter/waitress侍者
  act表演—actor/actress演员
  express表达—expression表达,词句
  decide决定—decision决定
  permit允许—permission允许
  achieve获得—achievement成就
  govern管理—government政府
  advertise登广告—advertisement广告
  agree同意—agreement同意
  announce宣告—announcement宣告
  liberate解放—liberation解放
  educate教育—education教育
  invent发明—invention发明
  invite邀请—invitation请柬
  satisfy满意—satisfaction满意
  inform通知—information信息
  describe描写—description描述
  build建造—building建筑物
  hear听—hearing听力
  cross越过—crossing十字路口
  ②由名词派生成形容词的主要形式
  use用处—useful有用的
  health健康—healthy健康的
  wonder奇迹—wonderful精彩的
  care小心—careful小心
  help帮助—helpful有帮助的
  home家—homeless无家可归的
  care小心—careless粗心的
  soul灵魂—soulless无灵魂的
  science科学—scientific科学的
  revolution革命—revolutionary革命的
  sun太阳—sunny阳光充足的
  anger愤怒—angry愤怒的
  cloud云—cloudy多云的
  danger危险—dangerous危险的
  fame名声—famous著名的
  nerve神经—nervous神经紧张的
  nation国家—national国家的
  friend朋友—friendly友好的
  表解重点
  掌握复合形容词的构成和运用
①形容词(数词)+名词+ed
a kindhearted man一个好心人
warm blooded animals温血动物
a three legged table 三条腿的桌子
one eyed man独眼人

②形容词(副词,名词)+现在分词
hardworking Chinese people
勤劳的中国人民
peace loving countries
爱好和平的国家

③名词(副词)+过去分词
the snow covered ground
白雪覆盖的地面
the ndly built factory
新建的工厂

④名词(形容词)+形容词
world famous cities
世界闻名的城市
the dark blue skirt
深蓝的裙子

⑤数词+名词
a ten year plan
十年计划
a five meter long rope
五米长的绳子

  讨论难点
  单词辨析
  1.deep与deeply
  ①deep可做形容词,又可做副词,表示“深的”.例如:The hole is very deep.(deep是形容词)这个洞很深.They dug deep into the hole.(deep是副词)他们深挖到洞里.
  ②deep加后缀ly也可构成副词deeply,使用时一般具有抽象意义,译为
  “深深地,深厚地,深切地”.例如:
  I’m deeply moved by what he said.我被他所说的话深深地感动了.
  2.fairly与rather
  这两个词均为程度副词,译为“相当”,它们的主要区别如下:
  ①语序的区别.试比较下面两个句子:
  This is a fairly/rather interesting book.
  This is rather a boring book.
  ②语义的差异:rather经常带有“过分”的含义(=too much),通常表示贬义.而fairly则无此意,通常表示褒义.试比较:
  It’s fairly cool today.今天挺凉爽的.
  It’s rather hot here. 这里有点太热了.
  ③结构上的区别:rather可以与比较级连用,可以说rather hotter,但是不能说fairly hotter.
  rather后面可加too,而fairly后面则不能.例如:
  This book is rather too difficult for me.这本书对我来说太难.


核心知识
  1.口语交际:学会给别人提建议的常用表达方式
  You’d better....
  You should/ought to....
  I suggest that....
  What/How about...?
  Why not...?
  Why don’t you...?
  Let’s....
  例如:
  ①You’d better ask your teacher for some advice.
  你最好征求—些老师的建议.
  ②—I usually go to work by train.我通常乘火车去上班.
  —Why not try going by bus for a change?为什么不试着改变—下乘汽车去?
  2.词组及句型学习
  ①What do you suggest I see?你建议我到那些地方去观光呢?
  句中的I see是宾语从句(that I should see)的省略.
  当suggest解释为“建议”时,可用于向对方提建议或劝告.后面可直接跟动名词或名词/代词作宾语,也可跟从句,从句中的谓语动词多用“should+动词原形”,should可省略.例如:
  We suggest going there by plane.我们建议乘飞机去那里.
  The teacher suggested some books for me to read.老师向我建议读几本书.
  I suggest that he should go to see a doctor.我建议他去看医生.
  He suggests that the meeting should be held this week.他建议会议这星期开.
  ②Do what you feel like!
  feel like doing sth.译为“想要做某事,喜欢做某事”.例如:
  Do you feel like a walk with me?你喜欢和我一起去散步吗?
  I don’t feel like watching TV all day long.不喜欢整天看电视.
  ③I’d come too if I had time to spare.要是我有空余的时间我也要去.
  此句是虚拟语气,if引导的从句表示与现在事实相反的条件,实际情况是我没有空余的时间.在这种对现在或将来的情况进行虚拟的非真实条件句中,if从句中的谓语动词用过去式(如果是be动词,则不论人称,一般用were);主句中的谓语动词用(would/could/might+动词原形).例如:
  If I were you.I would apologize to the teacher.
  如果我是你的话,我会向老师道歉.
  If I had lots of money,I would support all the poor village children to
  school.But I’m only a student now.
  如果我有很多的钱,我会支持所有的农村孩子去上学.可是我现在还是一个学生.
  ④A good many animals sleep under the snow.很多动物睡在雪下.
  a good/great many译为“很多”,后接复数可数名词.例如:
  A good many friends took part in my birthday party.
  很多朋友参加了我的生日晚会.
  表示“许多”或“大量”这一意思的词组有:
  a large/great number of+可数名词(复数谓语动词形式)
  a large quantity of
  a lot of/lots of+可数或不可数名词
  plenty of(复数或单数谓语动词形式)
  a large quantity of/large quantities of
  a great deal of+不可数名词(复数谓语动词形式)
  a large/great amount of
  注意:a large quantity of后面的动词谓语单复数视其所修饰的名词单复数而定,而large quantities of不管后接可数还是不可数名词均常用复数.例如:
  A large quantity of medicine has been sent to this area.
  A large quantity of books are needed in the country.
  Large quantities of food have been supplied by this factory.
  Large quantities of tigers were killed in the past.
  ⑤ There is a lot of air in loose snow,and this helps to keep the cold out.
  松散的雪里有大量的空气,这有助于御寒.
  keep sb./sth.out (of...)译为“不使入内,(使)......在外”例如:
  Please close the window to keep the cold out.请关上窗以防寒冷.
  Danger! Keep out!危险!切勿入内!
  ⑥Some warm blooded animals,like the cat,the dog or the wolf,do not need to hibernate;they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather.
  有些温血动物,如猫、狗和狼,不需要冬眠.它们过着很活跃的生活,这使它们即使在严寒的冬天也能保持正常的体温.
  A.这是一个并列复合句.分号前是一个简单句,其中“like...the wolf”是介词短语,做非限制性定语.分号后是一个复合句,主句是they lead an active life,后面跟一个由which引导的定语从句.

B.句中the cat,the dog,the wolf不是特指某一只猫、狗、狼,而是指猫、狗、狼的整个类属,定冠词在此处表示类别.
  The tiger and the lion belong to the cat family.老虎和狮子属于猫科.
  不定冠词+单数可数名词和不带冠词的复数可数名词都可以表示事物的类别.
  The horse is a useful animal.
  A horse is a useful animal.
  Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的动物.
  C.keep up译为“保持(某种高度,不下降),维持,继续”.例如:
  When people move to another country,they often try to keep up the customs of their native land.当人们移居别国时,总是尽力保持他们原有的风俗习惯.
  Well done.Keep it up!做得好!坚持下去!
  ⑦Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
  于是它别无选择,只好躺下睡觉.but在此句中是介词,在一般情况下,介词后面不能接不定式作宾语,但介词except和but后面可以接不定式.意思是“除了……以外”(=except),往往用于有否定含义的句中(no/not...but...除……之外,别无).而且应注意当句中谓语动词是do时,则后面的不定式符号常被省略.例如:
  There is no one in the classroom but me.教室里除了我以外没有别人.
  The last bus had gone.We could do nothing but walk home.
  末班车开走了,我们只好走路回家.
  He has no desire but to pass the exam.他没有别的愿望,只想考试及格.
  ⑧Hibernation is more than sleeping.冬眠不是寻常意义上的睡眠.
  此句中的more than相当于not only,又如:
  He is more than my teacher.He is also my friends.
  他不仅仅是我的老师,也是我的朋友.
  ⑨...,and the animal may breathe once every five minutes.
  冬眠的动物可能每五分钟呼吸一次.
  every与数词连用,表示时间的间隔.
  Take this medicine once every three hours.这药每三小时服用一次.
  Please copy the article every other line.请隔行抄写这篇文章.
  ⑩You can touch it,or even pull its tail without causing it to move or wakeup.你可以摸它,甚至拉它的尾巴,也不会使它动一动或醒来.
  “cause sb./sth.to do sth.”使某人或某物做某事例如:
  The north wind caused the temperature to drop.北风使温度下降了.
  (11)The answer lies in two facts.可以从两个方面的事实中得到答案.lie in在这里译为“在于,全在”.
  Successes lie in hard work.成功在于努力工作.
  (12)The second is connected with the main use of food to supply the energy for movement.
  第二是与食物对身体的主要用途,即食物供给身体活动所需要的能量有关.
  A.be connected with“与有关”.例如:
  The discussion will be connected closely with our work.
  讨论将和我们的工作密切相关.
  B.make use of译为“利用”.名词use前可使用一些修饰形容词.例如:
  make full use of充分利用
  make main use of主要利用
  make better use of更好地利用
  make proper use of正确利用例如:
  We should make full use of our natural resources.
  我们必须充分利用我们的自然资源.


典型例题
  NMET 2000 ·32
  The WTO can’ t live up to its name ________ it doesn’t include a country that is home to one-fifth of mankind.
  正确答案是C.要解答这道题,必须知道if和as long as在意思上的细微差别.as long as在使用上比较主观,感情比较强烈的语域,并通常解释为“以……为前提,只要(on condintion that)”而if使用在比较客观平稳的语域,通常解释为“假使,如果(supposing that)”.本是个客观的评述,所以选择A.
  NMET 1995
  —How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
—It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the________ days at the seaside.
  A.few last sunny B.last few sunny
  C.last sunny few D.few sunny last
  正确答案:B
  解析:两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,形容词的排列顺序如下表所示:
指代性质的形容词
数量性质的形容词
形状性质的形容词

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

放在冠词前的形容词
冠词
指示形容词所有形容词
不定形容词
序数
基数
性质状态形容词
大小长短形状
新旧温度
颜色
国籍
材料
名词动名词

all both such what
the,a(n),you-
r,this that,those another
first
last
one
two
kind
good
large
long
old
new
red
green
China
iron
silk
boy





【关于“Unit12 Mainly revision”的常见问题】

常见问题1: 高三英语 Unit 12 Mainly revision
问题:

  He is never late __________ work and his boss is always pleased with him.
  His mother was never late___________ dinner and he can have dinner on time every day.

解答:

  for;with

常见问题2: 高三英语 Unit 12 Mainly revision
问题:

  The dog was so lovely that the boy threw a piece of meat ______ it.
  The dog was so frightening that the boy threw a big stone _________ it.

解答:

  to;at


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