| 高三复习Unit 20(book2) |
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Useful expressions 1. prevent … from …阻碍使（某人）不做某事；阻挠 to keep / stop someone from doing something What prevented you from joining us last night? 昨天晚上什么事使你不能参加我们的晚会? We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything. 浓雾使我们看不到任何东西。 2. look forward to 盼望；期待 We are all looking forward to our holiday. 我们都盼望着假期。I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我盼望今年暑假见到你。The boy is looking forward to being given a birthday present. 3. end up 结束 The meeting ended up with the singing of The Internationale. 会议最后以唱《国际歌》而结束。 We ended the dinner up with fruit and tea. 我们以水果和茶结束宴会。We were going to go out, but ended up watching television. 4. as a matter of fact 事实上；实际上 In fact; actually: She doesn't like him much - as a matter of fact I think she hates him! 她不很喜欢他；事实上，我认为她恨他！--- I didn't think you'd mind me using your office. --- Well, as a matter of fact, I do mind. 5. as though / as if 好象, 仿佛 She spoke to me as though she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg. 这动物走路的样子好像伤了腿似的。The lights were on and cigarettes still burned in the ashtray, as though everyone had left in a hurry. 6. at the latest 最迟 (区分: at least) no later than the time mentioned: You should have it done by Tuesday at the latest. 你最迟得在星期二完成。I should be back by 11 o'clock at the latest. 7. in need of 需要 They are in need of food, food is a necessity for all living things. 他们需要食物, 食物对一切生物是必不可少的。A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交才是真正的朋友。Many of the soldiers were in great need of medical treatment. Sentence patterns 1. Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds. 他不仅要把答语打在电子计算机上，而且还要让计算机把答语转变成声音。 当not only… but also…连接两个句子且置于句首时，not only后面的分句要用倒装语序: Not only did we hear it, but we saw it. 我们不仅听到了，而且也看到了。 Not only do disabled people read, write, draw pictures, paint and cook, but they also study, go to university, take exams and have jobs. 许多坐轮椅的人体育运动很出色。残疾人不仅能阅读、写作、绘画、油漆和烹调，而且还能学习、上大学、参加考试和工作。 2. In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 这是一个倒装句，正常的语序应是：A professor sits in a lecture…. 在英语中，由于语法和修辞的需要，常把谓语置于主语前面，我们称之为倒装。如: In front of the house stops a new car. 在房子的前面停着一辆新车。Under the tree sat a boy. / In the middle of the room stood a little girl. Language tips 1. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. 希望明天是个好天。 hopefully的意思是 it is hoped that…如：Hopefully our guests will be here by 8:00. 希望客人在8点以前来这儿。It is hoped that we will finish the work on Monday.希望我们会在星期一完成工作。turn out 相当于 prove to be 证明是 be in the end 结果是, 如: Everything turned out all right. 结果一切都很顺利。That person we met turned out to be Maria's second cousin. 还可接从句: It turned out that the message sent him was not correct. 结果是发到他那儿的信息是不对的。 2. I've always dreamt of coming to China, and now my dream has come true. 我做梦都想到中国来，而现在我的梦想成真了. dream of 梦想…: I dream of having a house of my own.我梦想拥有一座自己的房屋。I dream of being the best footballer in the town. 我梦想成为全城最好的足球队员。come true 变为现实, 被实现: I wish my dream will come true one day. 我希望有一天我的梦想成真。 3. How do you manage in your wheelchair? 你坐在轮椅上怎么能旅游呢？ manage对付，完成，办到：I can manage by myself. 我自己能行。He tried to walk, but managed only a few shaky steps. How on earth do you manage without a washing machine? --- Do you want a hand with those bags? --- No, it's OK, I can manage. 4. I seldom have any difficulties. seldom 相当于 not often, rarely很少，不常：I've seldom see such a big orange. 注：含有seldom的句子的反意疑问句, 句尾用肯定：He seldom goes out for dinner, does he? 当seldom放在句首时，这时的句子要不完全倒装：Seldom does he eat lunch at home. 5. He had to find ways that would make it possible for him to speak, read and write, even though he could later only move the fingers of one hand. 他必须找到办法使自己即使今后只有一只手的手指能够活动也能讲话、阅读和写作。 even though / even if 即使，尽管, 引导让步状语从句: We will stand by you even if you don't succeed. 纵然你不成功，我们也会支持你。Even though he can afford it, he doesn't buy the car. 即使他能买得起车，他也不会买。 6. Although he had a disease of the brain which was getting worse, he decided to continue with his research and his writing. 虽然他患有日益严重的脑病，但是他决定继续从事研究和写作。 continue with 意思是 go on doing something 继续做某事: The teacher told the class to continue with their work while he was out of the classroom。老师告诉全班同学在他离开教室时要继续做作业。Continuing with this argument is very pointless. 7. Some people have the wrong attitude towards people with disabilities, considering them to be stupid. 有些人对待残疾人的态度不对，认为他们愚蠢。 短语considering them to be stupid 在句中作状语。注意consider的搭配 consider sb/sth (to be) wise/important etc认为或相信; 把…看作: We consider it (to be ) true.= (We consider that it is true.) 我们认为这是真实的。 8. As a matter of fact, many people have a disability. disability 当它做"缺陷"的意思讲时是可数名词: Not speaking French in Paris is a real disability. 在巴黎不讲法语实在是一个缺陷。当它做"无能力；失去能力"的意思时，不可数名词。如：His disability prevents him from holding a job. 他的无能使他不能胜任工作。Even if none of this is true for us today, it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability. 即使我们今天一点残疾都没有，很可能某一天我们会变成残废。 9. It is often thought that disabilities are total. Once, people would often be referred to as "deaf" or "blind". 人们常认为残疾就是完全残废。过去有些人常被称之为"聋子"或"瞎子"。 refer to sb. as 意思是"把某人称作……，把某人当作……": The teacher refers to the poor child as his own son. 那位老师把那个可怜的小孩当做自己的儿子。Johnson referred to the discovery as a major breakthrough in medical science. 掌握refer to的其它用法: refer a question to an expert 把问题提交给专家(处理) ; refer to a dictionary 查字典; the question the teacher referred to 老师所谈到的问题; questions referring to yesterday's lecture 涉及昨天演讲的问题; He referred his success to the good teaching he had had. 他把他的成功归于他以前所受的良好教育。 provide…for…有两个意思: 1) 供给供应: This has provided valuable data for work in soil improvement. 这为土壤改良工作提供了宝贵资料。I'll provide food for the picnic. 我提供野餐吃的食物。2) 准备；做必须之事；防备: In our plans for the journey, we have provided for possible accidents. 在旅行计划中，我们为可能发生的意外事件作了适当的准备。They had already provided against the attack. 他们已做好应付进攻的准备。 11. They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabilities. 年轻人喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。在以关联词so, such (…that)开头的句子，要局部倒装。如：So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 斑点如此之小，我几乎看不出来。Such was his strength that he carried all the big boxes onto the fourth floor. 他的力气真大，把所有的大箱子都搬上了四楼。 Grammar 倒装句 倒装的类型 完全倒装 (整个谓语移至主语之前) Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends. 学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。 部分倒装 (只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。) Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 几种常见的倒装句型： 1. 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中: Now comes your turn to play. 现在轮到你玩了。Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。 2. 含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时 Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 Not until New Year's Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。 3. 副词only+状语放在句首时 Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。 4. 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首 He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。He hasn't been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。 5. 在频度状语 often, always, many a time 等开头的句子中 Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。Many a time has she helped me with my English. 她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。 6. 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首: Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 7. 用在as/though（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。 8. 虚拟语气条件从句中 (把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。) Were they here, they would help us. 他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something. 我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。Should you fail, take more pain and try again. 万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。 Language record In this unit I have learned to say in English: Useful Expressions: 1．渴望来中国 2．尽可能地玩得开心 3．一流的物理学家 4．听起来有点怪 5．双目失明（双耳失聪） 6．在某人的私生活方面 7．以……而结束 8．最迟中午十二点结束 9．汽车来了 10．一个可坐的舒适的位子 Sentences: 1．希望明天会变晴。 2．顺便问一下，你的手表几点了？ 3．既然他的话很难懂，为什么人们还要来听他的报告呢？ 4．需要做些什么才能使他们的生活过得好些？ 5．她脸色苍白，看上去需要休息。 6．我期待着收到你的答复。 7．他很少去看电影，不是吗？Seldom ……. 8．仅靠洗衣服我母亲仍设法养活了全家人。Only ……. |
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