Unit 10 The trick
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【知识点】
　1．重点词汇、短语、句型结构
　1）defence, pause, sudden, uniform, calm, steal, fear, fair
　2）worry about, turn up, over one's shoulder, on arrival, break into , be perfect for…, play a trick on sb. , in a flash, hold out, break off.
　3）She might have had an accident.
　It looks as if she meant to return.
　2．重点语法　 复习间接引语的用法。
　3．交际要求　 学习表示猜测、预见的表达法。 5．写作要求
　写一篇日记，记叙发生的一件事情，词数在100左右。
【重点难点讲解】
　1，In a flash he remembered everything and a plan began to form in his mind. 刹那间，他什么都想起来了，于是脑子里开始形成一个计划。
　in a flash 一刹那间；即刻。
　2， since用法小结
　1）作副词，表示从过去某时起至现在的这一段时间，后面不跟具体的时间点，该时间点一般在上文有过交代。如：
　He came to the university three years ago and has studied there ever since.
　三年以前他进了这所大学从那时以来一直在那儿学习。
　I have not seen him since. 从那以后，我就没有见过他。
　He left home in 1950 and has not been heard of since. 他在一九五Ｏ年离家，以后即无音讯。
　The town was destroyed by an earthquake ten years ago and has since been rebuilt.
　这小城在十年前被地震所毁，后来曾予以重建。
　2）since作介词用时，后接名词、代词或动名词，谓语动词用完成时态。如：
　She hasn't been home since her marriage. 她从结婚后就没回过家。
　Since last seeing you I have been ill. 上次看到你以后我就病了。
　3）since作连词用时，后接表示起点时间的状语从句，从句谓语用一般过去时，主句谓语用现在完成时。如：
　Where have you been since I last saw you? 自从上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
　How long have you stayed here since you came. 自从你来这儿以来，你呆了多久了？
　【注】在It is ＋一般时间＋since从句时，主句谓语动词be不用完成时，而用一般式。如：
　It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到达这里刚好一星期。
　How long is it since you arrived in London? 你在伦敦有多久了？ 3，pick up的用法
　1）pick up意为"获得"。如：
　I picked up a very interesting book the other day. 前几天我得到一本很有趣的书。
　Can you tell me where I could pick up a good used car?
　你能告诉我什么地方可以搞到一辆良好的旧汽车？
　He picked up news from all sources.
　他从各种来源获得消息。
　2）pick up的原意是"拾起"、"爬起"。如：
　She picked up the telephone on her desk and began to dial.
　她拿起桌上的电话开始拨号。
　The little girl picked herself up and went on playing.
　那小女孩自己爬起来继续玩。
　After he fell off his horse, he picked himself up and said that he wasn't hurt.
　他从马上摔下后，爬起来说他没有受伤。
　3）pick up有"收听到"、"看到"、"测知"之意。如：
　Our radio picked up your SOS.
　我们的无线电收到了你们的呼救讯号。
　State police picked up the bandit's trail.
　卅警方面探到了匪徒的踪迹。
　When he picked up a lighthouse on the hilltop, he knew he was not far away from his home.
　当他看到山顶上的灯塔时，他知道他离家不远了。
　4）Pick up有"偶然、无意地学会语言或获得消息等"之意。
　Young children soon picked up words they hear their elders use.
　小孩子很快就学会了他们听到大人们讲的那些话。
　Where did you pick up your technical skill?
　你的技术是在哪儿学的？
　he never studied French; what he knows was picked up while living in Paris.
　他没有专门学过法语，他会的那点法语是住在巴黎时学到的。
　5）pick up有"（顺便）买"、"（顺便）用车接"之意。
　I'll pick you up at your office.
　我到办公室来接你。
　He picked up some cakes and sweets in a shop on his way home.
　在回家途中，他顺便在一家商店里买了些糕饼和糖果。
　An ambulance was sent to pick up the wounded soldiers.
　派了一辆救护车去接伤员。
　He picked up two students along the highway and dropped them off at Oxford.
　他在公路上让两名学生搭车到牛津下车。
　6）pick up还可以做"（身体）恢复"、"（生意、气候）好转"的意思
　His spirits picked up as he came near home.
　快到家时他的精神振作起来了。
　It look as though the weather may pick up very soon.
　看起来天气好像是很快就会转晴。
　Tourist travel to Australia is again picking up.
　到澳大利亚旅游的人开始多起来了。
　She was ill for some time, but she is now picking up.
　她病了一阵子，不过现在正在恢复。
　7）pick up sb可解释为"偶然结识"。如：
　You may be able to pick up a girl at the dance.
　舞会上你也许还能结识一位姑娘。
　She picked up an acquaintance with a young man on the train.
　她在火车上结识了一位年轻人。
　8）pick up speed意为"加速"。如：
　The speed of the car began to pick up.
　汽车速度开始加快。
　After a mile out of the station, the train began to pick up speed.
　火车出站约一英里后开始加速了。
　9）pick up还可以解释为"重提"、"重新找到"
　They met after five years, and picked up their friendship as if there had been no 　interruption.
　五年以后他们又见面了，并且恢复了他们的友谊，就象从来没有中断似的。
　After the interruption, we picked up where we had left off.
　被打断以后，我们又从原先停顿的地方继续下去。
　4，aloud, loudly与loud的区别
　aloud, loudly只能用作副词；loud既可作副词，也可用作形容词。当副词用时，loudly与loud一样用来说明声音的强度，意思是"高声地，喧噪地"，只是在动词后面loud比loudly更常用些。他们的反义是：quietly。例如：
Don't talk so loud (loudly)----you'll wake the whole street. 别那么大声说话，你快把左邻右舍都吵醒了。
　Someone knocked loudly (loud) at the door. 有人在大声敲门。
　注：而aloud往往与动词read和think连用，表示真的把话说出，而不是在脑子里默默地"说"。
　She has a very good pronunciation when she reads aloud.她朗读时，发音很好。
【语法－间接引语】
　直接引语变成间接引语时要注意：
　（１）原陈述句变成以that引导的宾语从句；
　（２）原一般疑问句变为if/whether引导的宾语从句；
　（３）原特殊疑问句变为由原引导词引导的宾语从句；
　（４）原祈使句变为动词不定式作ask, tell等动词的宾语补足语（don't变为not）。
　（5）若主句的谓语动词是各种现在时或一一般将来时，间接引语中的动词仍保持原直接引语中的时态；
　（6）若主句谓语动词为过去时态，则间接引语中动词时态向过去前移一个时态，只有过去完成时不变。见下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
过去完成时 过去完成时
　（7）其他一些词如人称代词，指示代词，表示时间的词，表示地点的词，动词(come)等也需根据情况作相应变化。见下表：
在直接引语中 在间接引语中
指示代词 this these that those
表示时间的词 now today this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week then that day that week the day before the week before three days before the next day the next week
表示地点的词 here there
动 词 come go
【例题解析】
　例1， The police found that the house ______ __and a lot of things ______ . （90年高考题）
　A．has broken into; has been stolen
　B．had broken into; had been stolen
　C．has been broken into; stolen
　D．had been broken into; stolen
　【答案】D。
　【解析】 因为宾语从句中的动作break into与steal发生在found这一过去时之前，因此用过去完成时，且 house与 break into, things与 steal有被动关系。
　例2，I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please ______ ? （95年高考题）
　A．turn it on
　B．turn it down
　C．turn it up
　D．turn it off
　【答案】C
　【解析】本题主要是考查有关turn的几个词组，turn up把音量提高；turndown把音量弄低；turn on"打开"；turn off"关上"。答案选C。
【语法专项练习――主谓一致】
　1. I, who ______ your friend, will try my best to help you.
　A. be B. am C. are D. is
　2. This is one of the best novels that _________ this year.
　A. is appearing B. are appeared
　C. have appeared D. has appeared
　3. The audience ________ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.
　A. is B. are C. was D. has
　4. Either the judge or the lawyers ________ wrong.
　A. does B. make C. is D. are
　5. The number of pages in this dictionary _________ about two thousand.
　A. are B. has C. have D. is
　7. The secretary and principal _______ at the meeting now.
　A. are speaking B. is speaking
　C. have a speech D. were making a speech
　8. A number of the foreign students _______ studying in our school.
　A. are B. is C. have D. has
　9. Three- fourths of the soda water __________.
　A. were drunk up B. were drinked up
　C. was drunk up D. was drinked up
　10. The quality of the watches _________ poor.
　A. is B. are C. is being D. be
　11. Where ________ dirt, there are flies.
　A. there was B. there is C. has there D. are
　12. Time and tide ________ for no man.
　A. waits B. wait C. is waiting D. has waited
　13. Mr Wang, with his two sons, _________ in the car.
　A. are B. is C. be D. stay
　14. Every one of his sisters, including Jane, __________.
　A. have blue eyes B. has blue eyes
　C. having blue eyes D. were blue eyes
　15. No one except two doctors _________ to the hospital.
　A. know how to get B. knows how to get
　C. know to get D. knows to get
　16. Thirty dollars ________ too expensive.
　A. are B. is C. have D. has
　17. When and where to hold the sports meet __________yet.
　A. are not decided B. have not decided
　C. is not decided D. has not decided
　18. You as well ________ right.
　A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are
　19. This pair of glasses ________ my grandmother.
　A. is belonged to B. are belong to C. belong to D. belongs to
　20. Many a student ________ busy with their lessons.
　A. is B. are C. were not D. have
　21. Every student and very teacher ___________.
　A. are going to attend the meeting
　B. have attended the meeting
　C. has attended the meeting
　D. is attended the meeting
　22. Plastics and rubber never ________.
　A. rots B. rot C. rotted D. are rotten
　23. Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?
　No, _________ only the two passengers who got hurt.
　A. it was B. there is C. they were D. there was
　24. ________ to the zoo. We have been there before.
　A. All but he and I are going.
　B. All but he and I am going
　C. All but he and me are going
　D. All but him and me am going
　25. More than one ___________ employed. At least three.
　A. have been B. has been C. are D. has
　26. Plastics _________ many other materials.
　A. has taken place of B. has taken the place of
　C. have taken place of D. have taken the place of
　27. I, not his brother, ___________ the mistake.
　A. have made B. has made C. has been made D. makes
　28. Mother, together with her children, ________to the hospital.
　A. were sent B. are sent C. was sent D. have been sent
　29. Every means ________ tried but without much result.
　A. has been B. have been C. are D. has
　30. His clothes _________ so dirty that he had them _______ the other day.
　A. are, washed B. is , washing
　C. was, washed D. were, washed
【答案】
　1--5 B C C D D 6--10 C B A C A
　11--15 B B B B B 16--20 B C D D A
　21--25 C B A A B 26--30 B A C A D

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