地道口语梳理
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I. 问候好望角（Greetings）
人们在现实生活中用语言进行交流，往往是口语先行，所以口语不但要学，且一定要学得地道。
常见的英语问候语有：Good morning / afternoon / evening.； How are you getting on now?；How are things (going)?； How is your life / work / study?； Is everything going well at the moment?等。简单明了的Hello与Hi都含"您 / 你好"之意。
既然被问候了，礼貌作答在所难免：对Good morning / afternoon / evening.的应答，重复原句即可。How are you?是问最近状况，答语可以是：Fine, thank you. And you?；Very / Quite well, thanks. What about you?等。
I'm fine, too.；I'm very well, thank you very much.；I'm OK / all right. 如果恰逢身体 / 学习 / 工作 / 生活欠佳，可说Not very well / fine.; I'm afraid not.； Just so so.等。
广而告之：Good night. 是晚间告别语，不是问候语；初次见面用How do you do? / Nice to meet you.
II. 告别脱口秀（Farewells）
社交礼仪自然也包括告别。不辞而别有失风度，活动一结束立即走人也常令主人不快。
常露口端的告别语搜索：See you.；See you soon / next time / tomorrow.； Bye / Bye-bye / Good bye.；其中Bye / Good bye. 既正式又管用；告别时也可送祝愿或表谢意的话：Take care. Bye.；Look after yourself. Bye.；Have a good / nice / wonderful / lovely day. Bye.； Keep / Be in touch.（保持联系）；Good luck with you / your family.； All the best.； I hope everything goes well. Thank you.等。
聪明的人有时不会等待时机，故自我介绍要随身带好：Hello! I'm John Smith.；Excuse me , may I introduce myself：John Smith.；Allow me to introduce myself： John Smith.；First let me introduce myself：John Smith.等。想结识对方，再彬彬有礼地补上：May I know your name, please?
客人告辞前有必要先致上客套语--哪怕善意的谎言，通常要提前2、3分钟反复说上几遍。如：
Well / OK, I'm afraid I must be leaving now.；I think I'd better be leaving.；I must leave now.；I think it's time for me / us to leave now. 等。
广而告之：如果是晚上或临近晚上，告别时可加上Good night.
III. 介绍随时看（Introductions）
我们熟悉又常用的介绍语非This is Mr ／ Mrs ／ Ms ／ Miss ... ； Hi, John! Look here, this is Miss ... 莫属；正式场合里，还有一些常见的介绍语：May I introduce Mr ... ?； Allow me to introduce Mr ... ； I'd like you to meet Mr ... ； Let me introduce Mr ... , please.等。
通常被介绍的双方都会握手"致意"：Oh, hello! How do you do? Nice to know you.；It's a pleasure to meet you.
广而告之：向人介绍第三者时要遵循先客后主、把地位低者向地位高者介绍的原则；一般不用He / She is ...，除非被介绍的人不近在跟前，如在相片里。
I. 提供帮助流行风（offers）
一个好汉三个帮，日常生活中帮人与受人帮助都是常事儿；想说"帮你"是件很容易的事：
1. Can I help you (with sth. )?
2. Let me help you.
3. Can I do sth. for you?
4. Would you like me to do sth. for you?
5. What's wrong? Is there anything (else) I can do (for you)?
6. What's the matter / trouble?
需要帮助你就"求援"：
1. Would you do me a favour?
2. Could you help me?
3. Will you please give me a hand?
广而告之：用would / could更显礼貌、语气委婉；开口求助前最好Excuse me. 先行，please断后。
被求助者出于种种原因，帮不上忙时，应立即坦言相告（或提个建议）：I'd like to help you, but ...，I'm sorry, I don't know. You can / may ask ... ；I'd love to, but I... 等。
接受帮助并道谢：
1. Thank you. / Thanks.
2. It's / That's (really) very nice / kind (of you), thank you.
3. Thank you very much / a lot for your help.
婉言谢绝别人的相助但说无妨，而道谢却不能忘：
1. No, thank you, but I can do it.
2. No, it's OK / all right, thanks.
3. Thanks a lot, but I'm OK.
4. That's really / very / so kind of you, but I can do it myself.
广而告之：对"心有余而力不足"的无能为力者，Thank you all the same. --照谢勿误。
II. 喜好与厌恶一点通（likes and dislikes）
日常学习、生活中，我们总会有自己的好恶，那么，如何用英语来表达喜爱和厌恶呢？
常见的表达喜好的方式有：I like / enjoy / love ... very much.； I'm quite / very / so / rather interested in ...；I'm very fond of ... （我很喜爱......）； Diving is one of my favourite sports, and I'm also very good at it. ；I prefer ... to ... 等。
在表白自己不喜欢某物时，要含蓄、委婉，不宜太直白：I'm afraid I don't like ... because ...
如果语气想加重些，可说：I really / especially hate ...，I can't stand / bear ... （我无法忍受......）等，话已至此，再讲理由纯属多余。
广而告之：有时彼此间会问对某物 / 人是否喜欢，到了什么程度，下面的句子就派上用场了。
1. How do you like ... ?（ What do you think of ... ?）
2. Do you like ... ?
3. Which ... is your favourite ... ?
一、时间、日期（time and date），百问不厌
用英语问时间、日期的句子有：
1．问钟点：What's the time now?(=What time is it now?) / What's the time by your watch? / Do you have the time? / Can you tell me the time? / May I know the time, please? / Could you give me the time, please?等。
广而告之：钟点前往往用介词at；回答最简单易行的是小时、分钟直接念：7：40→seven forty；分钟超过30分，用介词to，小于或等于30分则用past，如
7：40→twenty (minutes) to eight；7：30→half past seven; o'clock只用于正点，如7：00→seven o'clock。
2．问日期：What's the date today? / What was the date yesterday? / What's today's date?
3． 问星期：What day is it today / tomorrow? / What day was it yesterday? / What day of the week is it today?
广而告之：在问时间、日期时，让excuse me先行，thank you / thanks断后，更显彬彬有礼；问话前为避免尴尬、冒失之嫌，往往问声好或以天气为"开路先锋"，再转入正题才是明智之举。
4． 其它一些跟时间密切相关的考点，借机"总动员"吧--
a. 到了干某事的时候了 / 该干某事了：It's time for (doing) sth. / It's time for sb. to do sth.
b. when问"时间"，范围更广、时间更宽（如年、月日、季节等）：When (=What time) do you get up every day? / When were you born?
c. how long问"时间段"，常伴有现在完成时：How long have you been like this?
d. how often问"隔多久进行一次"：How often do you have chicken?
e. how soon问"完成某事还要多长时间"，一般将来时是它的"老搭档"：How soon will you finish the work?
二、劝告、建议(persuasion and advice)，心诚则灵
劝告和建议是日常生活中常常会发生的现象，委婉迂回的劝告和建议较直接了当更加适合：
Go on, please. / Come on, Lucy. / Let's ... / You'd better ... / Why don't you / we ...?(=Why not ...?) / What / How about (doing) sth. / Shall we ...? / Let's ..., shall we? / I think it's better for you to ... / You need (to) ...等。
All right, I'll have it. / I'd love to. / OK, that's fine. / Good idea.等是"接受劝告或建议"的表示。如不想"采纳"，就说：No, I don't think so. / I don't really agree. 等。出于礼貌，不管建议是否有用，说声Thanks. / Thank you all the same.很有必要。
一、邀请和应答（invitations and responses）
常见的邀请用语，如: I'd like to invite you to ... /Would you like to ...? / How(What) about ...?回答如果是同意，常用Yes, I'd love to. / Yes, it's very kind(nice) of you to ... / I'd be delighted to ...等。如果是不接受，则多见I'd like to, but ... / I'm sorry, but ... / I wish I could come, but ...
还可以用带有invitation的短语表达。如：accept an invitation 接受邀请；give sb. an invitation 给某人发邀请；receive an invitation 收到邀请；refuse sb.'s invitation 拒绝某人的邀请；send out an invitation to sb.向某人发出邀请。
She received the invitation but she didn't accept it.她收到了请柬，但没有接受邀请。
He received a nice present from John and happily accepted it. 他收到了约翰送给他的精美礼品，而且愉快地接受了。
I suggest you not accept the invitation.我建议你不要接受邀请。
二、请求允许和应答 （asking for permission and responses）
（1）Will sb. please do sth.? 请某人干某事，好吗? 例如：
Will you please come to the Lost and Found? 请你到失物招领处来好吗?
Will the teachers please sing us a song? 请老师们给我们唱一只歌好吗?
(2) Can you ...? 是表示请求的交流用语， 后跟动词原形，表示"请你(干某事)好吗?"例如：
Can you have a look at the name list? There must be some mistakes here. 请你看看这个名单好吗? 这儿准是有错。
Can you tell me your telephone number? 请把你的电话号码告诉我，好吗?
The bell is ringing. Can you answer the phone? 电话铃响了。你去接电话好吗?
（3）"Would you mind + V-ing?"是礼貌地提出请求的交流用语，意思是"请你干某事，好吗?"或"您可不可以帮忙干某事?"这里的mind是及物动词，作"介意"、"反对"解，后边跟动词的-ing 形式， 不跟动词的不定式。
如果对所提出的请求表示同意，通常回答"Certainly not."或"Of course not."，即"I do not mind doing sth."(我不反对干某事。)如果对所提出的请求表示不同意，通常说："I'm sorry, but ..."。例如：
-Would you mind lending me your new car? 请把你的新车借给我用一下好吗?
-Of course not. / Certainly not. 当然可以。
一、 同意和不同意（Agreement and disagreement）
由于每个人所处的环境、地位、所拥有的知识水平不同，人们对不同事物的见解、甚至是同一事物的看法也不尽相同。初学英语者在向English speaker表达建议时，由于语言和文化背景的不同常常会遇到一些麻烦。一般情况下，西方人在表达同意某人的观点时，总是直截了当的回答；而在表达不同意的观点时，为了不至于伤害对方则要语气缓和、融洽，用较委婉的语气。
在表达同意时，常用到的句型有：Certainly / Sure / Of course. / Yes, please. 当然了（是啊）。Yes, I think so. 是的，我也这么认为。I'm sure you are right. 我敢肯定你是对的。All right / OK. 行，没问题。 That's a good idea. 这主意不错。I agree with you. 我同意你的意见。
但在表达不同意时，则常说：No, I don't think so.不，我不这么认为。I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。I really can't agree with you. 我的确不能同意你的意见。
二、 表达感情（Expressing certain emotions）
用英语表达一种委婉的感情，我们不妨从"喜悦"、"焦虑"和"惊奇"三方面说起。
１．表示喜悦的句型多用：I'm glad / pleased / happy to ... 我很高兴...... That's nice / great / wonderful. 那太好了（好极了）。
２． 表示焦虑的句型有：What's wrong / the matter with ... ?......怎么了？I'm / He's worried. 我（他）很担心。Oh, what shall I do? 哎呀，我该怎么办呢？
３． 表示惊奇的句型有：Really? 真的吗？ Oh, dear! 哦，天哪！Is that so? 是那样吗？
三、 约会（Making appointments）
在英语国家，无论是走亲还是访友，都需要事先约定时间，以免打乱对方的安排。约会的方式可因相互间关系亲疏不一而变化，但不同的社会阶层也有不尽一致的行为规范。常用到的句型有：Are you free this afternoon/evening?你今天下午 / 晚上有空吗？How / What about tomorrow? 明天怎么样啊？Shall we meet at ... ?咱们在......见面，好吗？Let's make it a little earlier. 咱们还是定的早一点吧。Yes, that's all right. 行，没问题。Yes, I'll be free then.可以，到时候我有空。No, I won't be free then, but I will be free ...不行啊，那时我没空，不过在......我有时间。All right, see you then. 好吧，再见。



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