应用文应试策略

中学英语教学资源网英语教案教学设计 手机版




作者:祖瑞
【龙龙】应用文基本上都是材料作文,在竞赛中占的比重很大,能给我们详细讲讲吗?
【竞赛先锋】常见的应用文有:书信 (含E-mail)、日记、贺卡、便条、通知、发言稿、自我介绍等等。
下面我就以2002全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛B)为例给大家讲讲。
Do you ever read the advice column in a magazine or newspaper?Suppose you work for a newspaper and your name is Kit. Please write 60-80 words to help the angry Dad.
Dear Kit,
My son is a middle school student. He gets home at about six o'clock and starts talking to his friends on the phone. If I don't stop him, he will talk for three or four hours. His mum and I can't use the phone, and he isn't doing his homework. If I don't let him do that, he's angry, we're angry-everyone is unhappy. What can we do with him?
Mad Dad
【龙龙】我知道这是Kit写给Mad Dad关于如何解决儿子放学后与朋友打电话聊天的事,假如我是Kit,我会写道:
Dear Mad Dad,
I think you need to talk with your son about his place in the family. You can make rules for him. If your son agrees, he'll probably follow them. He may know it's very important to save time. Because he's a student, work (study) must come first.
You may discuss this with his friends' parents.
I also think you can get your son his own telephone number-and make him pay for it himself.
【竞赛先锋】 Very good! 但书信一定要注意格式和正文的书写。
1. 信封格式:左上角写寄信人姓名、地址(从小到大),正中稍偏右处写收信人姓名及地址。
2. 信头及信内地址:一般指收信人和写信人,自上而下右上角是写信人地址和写信日期,隔一行的靠左顶格是收信人地址,一般可省略。
3. 称呼语:比收信人地址低一行,顶格书写,最常用的是Dear, 当然我们还可以用Mr, Dr, Prof等加姓称呼。
4. 正文:一般信件与汉语一样每段可留有一定空格,而商业信件、公函等则多采用每段都顶格形式,只是段与段之间空一行。正文的内容通常依写信目的而定,可以包括诸多方面,语言要求符合书信特点,更要注意双方的"身份",即准确得体,行文应流畅。
5. 结束语及签名:在信快完成时,常写一些祝愿的话,签名时多用Yours;Yours sincerely, Love等下面加自己的姓名。
【龙龙】 我常发E-mail,它比书信更简化,发送、接收更快捷,它省去了收、发人的地址及日期,余下的与书信基本相同。
【竞赛先锋】看来你了解的还真不少,下面我就简单的把余下的几种写作要点说一下。
日记一般记当天最有意义、感受最深、最值得回味或吸取教训的事。可叙事,可明理,亦可夹叙夹议。我们要注意格式、人称及时态。
贺卡通常是在欢庆节日,值得庆贺等特殊日对亲朋好友,师长等表达祝贺的一种形式,其结构清晰,明了;其语言简洁,明快。贺卡通常由称呼、贺词、签名三部分组成。称呼,一般在贺卡左上方或正下方,常用Dear或To。贺词,一些常见的固定用语,一般根据不同的事情,不同的节日表达相应的祝愿话语,常见用语有:Happy +节日,With Best Wishes for+节日; May / Congratulations,I hope等等。签名,一般在右下角或正下方,可在姓名前加From,亦可直接签名。
通知要简明扼要写明时间、地点、人物、事件、落款及写通知时间,其格式与汉语相同。通知可分为书面通知和口头通知,口头通知有别于书面通知,它通常是面对面或通过广播向大家发布,用第一人称,说话时先来开场白,如:Be quite, boys and girls ! I've got something important to tell you. 等,内容说完后应说句:Thank you.
便条是简化的书信,其内容大都是提供要求、信息,其特点是语言直截了当、简明易懂,其形式有请假条、留言条、电话记录等。 这在生活中较为多见。


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