现在完成时态have been 三关联

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作者:王兆刚
I. 关联处所
1.have been to (a place)"曾去过某地"。可视作瞬间性动词reach, arrive, get的转换。如:
We have already been to the Great Wall twice.我已经去过两次长城了。
Have you just been to the room? 你刚才去房间了吗?
2. have been in/at (a place)"呆在某地"。含"逗留"之意,可用作瞬间性动词come, go等的变形。如:
I've been in this city for several years.我已经在这个城市呆好几年了。
3.have been away (from a place)"离开某地"。be away在这里可替代leave等瞬间性动词。如:
Jim has been away from Yichang for about three years.吉姆离开宜昌已经有大约三年的光景了。
II. 关联团体
1. have been in (a unit)"加入某组织"。可当作瞬间性动词join的转换。如:
Her brother has been in the army for five years. 她的哥哥已经参军五年了。
2. have been (a member of)"成为一名......"。可作become的"替身",后接表示主语的身份或职业名称的名词。如:
How long has she been a teacher? 她当老师几年了?
III. 关联状态
1.have been + adj."呈现某种状态"。如:
The factory has been open for more than ten years.这家工厂开业十多年了。
Her mother has been ill since last Friday.她妈妈从上周五就有病了。
2. have been+like ..."像......一样"。如:
He's been like this ever since this morning.从今天早晨开始他就这样了。


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