宾语从句五注意

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作者:陈萍
宾语从句是用作宾语的从句,它也是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句。在学习宾语从句时, 必须注意以下五个方面的问题:
一、 注意正确使用引导词
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,其中的that无具体意义,一般可以省略。如:
I hear (that) she's going to give me a call.
Li Tao thought (that) the TV play was interesting.
2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时, 可用if 或whether 来引导从句,意为"是否"。如:
David asked her if/whether she slept well last night.
3. 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时,用连接代词who/whose/what/which 或连接副词when/where /why/how 来引导。如:
Do you know where we can stay on the island?
I don't know why Jane was late for school this morning.
二、 注意正确使用语序
在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句都要使用陈述语序,即:引导词+主语+谓语+其它,还要注意原来的助动词或情态动词要符合相关的时态。如:
When did the train leave? I want to know. →I want to know when the train left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know?→Do you know if/whether the shop closes at six every day?
三、注意正确使用时态
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句时态不受限制,可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。如:
I hear he is here today/he was here yesterday/he will be here tomorrow.
2.如果主句是一般过去时, 宾语从句应与主句保持一致,即使用过去时态的某种形式。如:
He said he was watching TV/he had swept the floor/he would play football after school.
3. 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时,从句不受主句限制,用一般现在时。如:
Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.
四、 注意否定提前
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose 等动词时,且主语为第一人称,从句的否定提前。如:
I don't believe he is a doctor, is he?
五、 注意复合结构
在 find, make, think 等一些可带有复合宾语的动词后,为保持句子平衡,常将实际宾语(主要是that 引导的从句)后置,而使用形式宾语it。如:
I think it important that we should learn English well.


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