Unit 16 Scientists at work
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●语篇领悟
阅读本单元课文，完成下列各题：
§1.1细枝末节
(Text 1)
1.Scientists knew what electricity is for the 1st time _____.
A.in June 1752 B.before 1752
C.after 1752 D.in the 19th century
【答案】 A
2.Which of the following is in the correct order?
a.The experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.
b.The kite flew high in the rainy sky.
c.He made a silk kite.
d.Very sharp piece of metal was fixed.
e.A key was fastened to the end of the string.
f.A ribbon was tied to the string.
A.d,e,f,c,b,a B.c,d,e,f,b,a
C.d,c,e,f,a,b D.c,d,e,f,a,b
【答案】 B
3.Franklin made the kite of silk because _____.
A.wet silk does not conduct electricity
B.silk kite flies high
C.silk kite will last longer in weather with rain and strong winds
D.silk kite is cheaper
【答案】 C
(Text 2)
4.Which of the following is true?
A.Every year 2.5 million animals die in experiments.
B.Animals are only used to test new medicines.
C.Scientists say animal testing does not work.
D.Almost all the medicines people use have been tested on animals.
【答案】 D
5.Animal rights activists are _____.
A.doctors
B.people who defend animal rights
C.officials
D.scientists
【答案】 B
6.What's a painkiller?
A.杀手 B.安慰剂
C.止痛药 D.救心丸
【答案】 C
§1.2主旨大意
7.Text 1 is meant for _____.
A.experts B.scientists
C.common readers D.officials
【答案】 C
8.Text 2 is mainly about _____.
A.divergence(分歧)on animal experiments
B.the results of animal experiments
C.the process of animal experiments
D.loss of animals in experiments
【答案】 A
§1.3推理判断
9.Which is not stated but can be inferred from Text 1?
A.Franklin did the experiment with the kite.
B.Franklin's experiment with electricity was dangerous.
C.Franklin failed the experiment again.
D.The experiment was conducted in bad weather.
【答案】 B
10.What's the writer's attitude towards animal testing in Text 2?
A.Neutral. B.Supportive.
C.Indifferent. D.Against.
【答案】 A
●知识记忆
§2.1知识网络
1.flame n.火焰，光辉；常用复数形式。
The house was in flames.
那房子着火了。
There was an explosion and the plane burst into flames.
一阵爆炸，那架飞机就燃烧起来。
The whole building went up in flames in 15 minutes.
整栋大楼在15分内烧毁了。
the flame(s) of sunset火焰般的晚霞
feed the flame火上浇油
His eyes were flames of anger.
他满目怒火。
2.comfort v.安慰，慰藉
Alice comforted me in my grief.
爱丽丝在我悲哀时安慰我。
They tried to comfort her,but what could they say?
他们想安慰她，但他们又能说些什么好呢？
I had to comfort her： “It's human to make mistakes.”
我只得安慰她说，“是人都会犯错误的。”
n.安逸，舒适［U］；使人得到慰藉的人或物［C］
He had to save enough money so that he could live in comfort.
他得存足够的钱，以便能过上舒适的生活。
His kindness gave her much comfort.
他的好心给了她很大的慰藉。
She was a great comfort to her old father.
她是她老爸的一大慰藉。
A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort.
在寒冷的晚上喝上一杯热牛奶真舒服。
3.conduct n.行为，操行
a man of good conduct品行端正的人
the rules of conduct行为准则
courageous conduct勇敢的行为
foolish conduct愚蠢的行为
The teacher scolded him because his conduct was so bad.
因为他的品性不好，所以老师责骂他。
v.引导，管理；指挥
He conducted me around the museum.
他带领我到博物馆内四处参观。
The manager conducted his business carefully.
这位经理小心地经营生意。
4.charge vt.充电；装弹于（枪炮）；装填
charge a pipe给烟斗塞烟草
charge a camera给相机装胶片
charge a gun给大炮装弹药
He used solar panels to charge the batteries.
他用太阳板给那些蓄电池充电。
He charged his pipe with tobacco.
他给他的烟斗装烟草。
be charged with“充满……”。如：
The air is charged with moisture.
空气中充满了湿气。
The hall was charged with excitement.
大厅里的人很兴奋。
He is charged with strength and power.
他精力充沛。
5.shock n.打击，震惊，震动；
与介词with或from连用时，常是不可数名词。
The bad news left us all speechless from shock.
这一坏消息使我们震惊地说不出话来。
She was white with/from shock.
她因为震惊脸色都白了。
但shock指令人震动、震惊或使人受到精神打击的事时，是可数名词。
The news of his wife's death was a terrible shock to him.
他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
The failure was a great shock to me.
那次失败给我很大的打击。
The whole thing has come as such a shock to me.
整个事情的发生令我很吃惊。
You will get a shock if you touch the live wire.
如果你碰这条通电的电线，你会触电。
vt.使震惊，使惊愕；使触电
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到我的邻居那样对待他们的孩子我很吃惊。
I was shocked by his rudeness.
我对他的粗鲁很是震惊。
He got shocked when he touched the electric wires.
他触着了电线，受了电击。
shocking adj.使人震惊的
His failure in the exam was shocking to his parents.他考试不及格使他父母很吃惊。
6.prove vt.证明，证实
Can you prove your theory to us?
你能向我们证明你的理论吗？
How did you prove that he was the robber?
你如何证明他就是那名强盗？
The fingerprint on the knife proved him(to be)the murderer.
刀上的指纹证明他是杀人犯。
vi.显示，被证明是，成为；此时prove是系动词，相当于turn out，后接“(to be)+名词或形容词等”，不能用被动语态。
He proved to be the author of the novel.
他被发现是那本小说的作者。
Our last attempt proved successful.
我们最后的尝试成功了。
What he said proved true.
他的话被证明是真实的。
7.tear vt.撕开，撕裂，撕掉
Why did you tear the cloth instead of cutting it with scissors?
你为什么不用剪刀剪那块布，而是撕开呢？
vi.被撕破；被挂破
The paper tore when the parcel fell.
那包裹掉到地上时，包装纸被挂破了。
注：tear作不及物动词用时，常表示主语的特性。如：
This material tears easily,so be careful when you wear it.
这种料子很容易撕破，因此你穿它时要小心。
This type of cloth does not tear.
这种布料不易破损。
比较：tear sth.与tear at sth.
tear sth.“把……撕破、撕开或撕掉”，强调结果；tear at sth.“撕扯……”，强调动作。
Mary fell down in the street and tore her dress.
玛丽跌倒在大街上，撕破了衣服。
I tore the letter open.我撕开那封信。
The fighting girls tore at each other with their nails.
那两个打架的女孩子用指甲撕扯对方。
8.fasten vt.拴，系，扎，绑，捆
Have you fastened all the doors and windows?
你闩上所有的门窗了吗？
Fasten your seat belts!系上安全带。
fasten...to...“把……拴到……上”。如：
He fastened his bag to the bike.
他把书包绑在自行车上。
The horse is fastened to a tree.
那匹马被拴在一棵树上。
fasten one's eyes on sb.“眼睛盯着某人”。如：
All the eyes were fastened on me,which made me feel uncomfortable.
所有的眼睛都盯着我，使我感到很不自在。
9.explain v.解释，说明
explain常构成explain sth.to sb.或explain to sb.sth.或“explain to sb.+从句”句式。
He explained the rule to me.
他向我说明那条规则。
I explained to them that I was not interested.
我向他们说明我不感兴趣。
He explained to me why he was late.
他向我解释为什么迟到。
10.pick out挑出，选好；辨别出，认出，看清楚
Have you picked out the movie you want to see?
你挑选出你想看的电影了吗？
It took Mary a long time to pick out a new dress at the store.
玛丽花了很长时间才从那家商店挑选了一件新衣服。
I immediately picked out Alice in the crowd.
我立刻在人群中找出了爱丽丝。
Can you pick your brother out from that group of people?
你能在那群人中认出你弟弟吗？
The house is easily picked out from the rest;it has a large blue door.
很容易从其他房子中认出那房子来；它有一个蓝色的大门。
§2.2发散思维
1.doubt v.怀疑，疑惑，不相信
I doubt his honesty.
我不相信他的诚实。
I doubt the truth of this report.
我怀疑那报告的真实性。
注：doubt后可接从句，在肯定句中用whether或if引导，在否定句或疑问句中用that引导。
I doubt if that was what he wanted.
我怀疑那就是他想要的。
I doubt whether he'll be successful.
我怀疑他能否成功。
I don't doubt that he'll be successful.
我相信他会成功的。
n.怀疑，疑惑；此时常构成一些句式或短语。
there is no doubt about/have no doubt about “对……没有疑问”。如：
She is honest and there is no doubt about it.
她是诚实的，这一点不容怀疑。
I have some doubt about the news of his success.
我对关于他取得成功的消息不太相信。
此时doubt后还可接从句，肯定句中用whether引导，否定句中有that引导。如：
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
约翰能否按时来还难说。
There is no doubt that John will come on time.
约翰肯定会按时来的。
in doubt“拿不准，不能确定”。如：
I was in doubt about what to do.
我拿不准该做什么。
When in doubt about the meaning of a word,refer to the dictionary.
当对一个单词的意思拿不准时，要查查词典。
The result of the election remained in doubt until the next morning.
选举的结果直到第二天上午才确定。
without(any)doubt“毫无疑问地”。如：
Don't worry;he'll come back without doubt.
不要着急，他肯定会回来的。
beyond(all)doubt“毫无疑问”。如：
The truth of the story is beyond doubt.
这个故事的真实性是不容怀疑的。
2.I brought my finger close to the key,and I felt a light but very clear electric shock.
我把手指贴近钥匙，我感觉到轻微但非常明显的电击。
close adv.接近地，靠近地；强调两方的距离近。
She sat/stood close to her husband.
她靠近丈夫而坐/站立。
They live close to the park.
他们住在公园附近。
I followed close behind him.
我紧跟在他后头。
比较：closely adv.紧密地，密切地，严密地；强调两方的关系近或注意力集中。
The two families are closely related to each other by marriage.
这两个家庭由于婚姻关系而紧密联系在一起。
They listened closely to the speaker.
他们细心听讲话人演说。
注意：与这两个词用法接近的还有deep,deeply;high,highly。
I dug deep before I found water.
我挖得很深才找到水。
He worked deep into the night.
他工作到深夜。
The deeper you go into the jungle the darker it gets.
你愈深入丛林就愈黑暗。
The story affected him deeply.
那个故事深深地感动了他。
I am deeply worried about him.
我深为他担心。
The bird is flying high up in the sky.
那只鸟高飞在天上。
He climbed high up the hill.
他爬上了山的高处。
I value the book highly.
我对那本书评价很高。
She thinks highly of your work.
她对你的工作给予高度评价。
●基础巩固
§3.1 汉英翻译
1.在某人看来__________
【答案】 in one's opinion
2.利用__________
【答案】 make use of
3.用丝绸做的风筝__________
【答案】 a kite made of silk
4.给……加上……__________
【答案】 add…to…
5.把……系到……上__________
【答案】 fasten/tie…to…
6.防止风筝飞走__________
【答案】 stop the kite from flying away
7.哭泣，掉泪__________
【答案】(be)in tears
8.以平局结束__________
【答案】 end in a tie
9.与你的观点相反__________
【答案】 go against your view
10.用自己的话__________
【答案】 in your own words
§3.2 单项填空
1.However,at times this balance in nature is disturbed,resulting in a _____ of possibly unforeseen effects.
A.hundred B.plenty
C.number D.line
【解析】 a number of“很多”；a hundred后不能跟of短语；plenty of前无冠词。
【答案】 C
2.More natural resources should be _____ use of to meet the increasing need of energy.
A.put B.brought
C.taken D.made
【解析】 此是make use of短语的被动语态形式。
【答案】 D
3.—Tom is very stupid.He fails in every exam.
—_____,he is more lazy than stupid.
A.On the other hand B.On one condition
C.In my opinion D.In other words
【解析】 根据上下文可知C项为最佳选项。
【答案】 C
4.I told you that you shouldn't waste your time playing football all day long,_____?
A.didn't I B.did I
C.should you D.shouldn't you
【解析】 反意疑问句通常要与主句的主语和谓语一致。此句意为“我没告诉过你吗？”
【答案】 A
5.This material _____,so be careful when you wear it.
A.is torn easily B.is torn easy
C.tears easily D.tears easy
【解析】 tear“破裂，撕破”，可用作不及物动词，后跟一副词，表示某东西的特性。
【答案】 C
6.Have you heard?The match ended _____ a victory for the home team.
A.in B.with
C.up D.as
【解析】 end in a victory“最后获得了胜利”，是固定用法。
【答案】 A
7._____ existed a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.
A.It B.There
C.What D.That
【解析】 表示“对……有疑虑”要用there is/exists a doubt句式，故答案为B。
【答案】 B
8.Many people came to the meeting,_____ a number left early.
A.to whom B.for whom
C.of whom D.at whom
【解析】 定语从句中的关系代词前常用一些修饰语，如most of which/whom,many of which/whom,a number of which/whom等，且of which/whom可放在most,many,a number等之前。
【答案】 C
9.It is no good trying that method,because it won't _____.
A.work B.use
C.practice D.affect
【解析】 work有“起作用，有效”之意。
【答案】 A
10.It took Mary a long time to _____ a new dress at the store.
A.pick up B.pick out
C.take up D.take out
【解析】 pick up“捡得”；pick out“挑出”；take up“从事于”；take out“拿出”。
【答案】 B
11.These colors won't _____ if exposed to the sun.
A.last B.hold
C.keep D.insist
【解析】 last作不及物动词，意为“持续，耐久”。其他三个词均无此用法。
【答案】 A
12.There were also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end _____ in a circle.
A.being tied B.tying
C.to be tied D.tied
【解析】 with后可接复合结构，且end与tie是被动关系，故用过去分词。
【答案】 D
13.She was _____ when she told the story of what had happened to her in those bitter days.
A.with tears B.in tears
C.into tears D.to tears
【解析】 in tears是习语，意为“在流泪，在哭泣”。
【答案】 B
14.A line of forts was built along the border to _____ the country against attack.
A.prevent B.support
C.protect D.control
【解析】 protect…from/against…“保护……免于……”。
【答案】 C
15.A hot cup of milk on a cold night is _____.
A.real comfort B.a real comfort
C.real comforts D.real comfortable
【解析】 comfort多作不可数名词，但当“给予慰藉的东西，令人舒服的事物”解时，是可数名词。
【答案】 B
§3.3 介词、副词填空
1.People _____ work _____ the top floor managed to escape out of the burning building.
【答案】 at;on
2._____ the future,people can travel from Beijing _____ Shanghai _____ a few hours.
【答案】 In;to in
3.A kite made _____ silk will last longer _____ weather _____ rain and strong winds.
【答案】 of;in;with
4.Add a tail _____ the frame and tie a long string _____ the cross so you can control the kite.
【答案】 to;to
5.This ribbon,fastened _____ the string,will protect you _____ the electricity.
【答案】 to;from
6.When a thunderstorm comes _____,stand _____ a door,or _____ some cover,so that the silk ribbon does not get wet.
【答案】 on;inside;under
7.They are planning to tear _____ these old houses _____ new buildings.
【答案】 down;for
8.Each team made one goal and the match ended _____ a tie.
【答案】 in
9.Some people say animal testing does not work and that there are better ways _____ finding _____ what we want to know.
【答案】 of;out
10.Animal testing has helped to develop medicines _____ many diseases,but what works _____ animals often does not work _____ humans.
【答案】 against;with;with
§3.4 句型转换
完成B句，使其与A句意思相同或相近。（每空一词）
1.A.When I realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.
B._____ _____ that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.
【答案】 Having realized
2.A.It appears that Tom is whispering something to a girl.
B.Tom appears _____ _____ _____ something to a girl.
【答案】 to be whispering
3.A.Tears were falling down her cheeks while she watched the moving TV play.
B.She was _____ _____ while watching the moving TV play.
【答案】 in tears
4.A.100 years ago animal testing was very cruel,which no one doubts.
B._____ is _____ _____ _____ 100 years ago animal testing was very cruel.
【答案】 There;no doubt that
5.A.There are better ways of testing the medicine.
B.We can test the medicine _____ _____ _____.
【答案】 in better ways
§3.5 单句改错
下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。
1.The house at the corner was caught fire and soon it burnt down.
【答案】 去掉was
2.He offered for me ＄200 for the bicycle but I refused to sell it.
【答案】 去掉me 前的for
3.The whole village was destroyed and over 300 people lost their life in the war.
【答案】 life改为lives
4.If a pan of oil catches fire,I suggest you to turn off the gas and cover the pan.
【答案】 去掉to
5.Without more coal,the fire will soon put out.
【答案】 put改为go
6.China is a developing country belonged to the 3rd world.
【答案】 belonged改为belonging
7.Many people were trapped in the burned building.
【答案】 burned改为burning
8.An electrical fire started on the ceiling of the office.
【答案】 on改为in
9.Remember to put off the fire before leaving the room.
【答案】 off改为out
10.Add more wood on the fire so that it would not be out.
【答案】 on改为to
●思路开拓
实战类例
1.It was raining heavily.Little Mary felt cold,so she stood _____ to her mother.
A.close B.closely
C.closed D.closing
【解析】 本题考查副词的用法。由题意“正在下大雨，小玛丽感到有点冷，于是她向妈妈身边靠近。”可知C、D两项不对。close和closely都可作副词，但close强调空间距离近，常与介词to连用；而closely则指关系紧密、密切，也可表示注意力集中。如：Come close so that I can see you./He came quite close to where I was hiding./This problem is closely connected with that one.根据题意可知答案为A。
【答案】 A
2.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _____ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A.added to B.resulted from
C.turned out D.made up
【解析】 本题考查短语动词的意义辨析。add to“增添，添加”；result from“起因于”；turn out“结果是，生产出”；make up“组成，编造，打扮”。由题意“轮船的发动机出了故障，而且天气很糟，这使船员们更加绝望了。”可知答案为A。
【答案】 A
3.Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may _____ run over by a car.
A.have B.get
C.become D.turn
【解析】 本题考查被动语态的表达形式。被动语态常由“be+过去分词”构成，但be常可换成get，如：I got caught for speeding.“我因超速而被抓住。”Some glasses got broken when we were moving.“我们搬家时，有些玻璃杯被打碎了。”Did you get invited to the party?“你被邀请参加舞会了吗？”由题意“你过这繁忙的街道时要当心。否则，你会被汽车撞着的。”可知答案为B。
【答案】 B
4.As I know,there is _____ car in this neighbourhood.
A.no such B.no a
C.not such D.no such a
【解析】 本题考查such的特殊用法。such作形容词时，后可接单数名词、不可数名词或复数名词；当接单数名词时，冠词a或an要置于such之后，如：such a question,such an interesting story。但no,any,some,all,many等则要放在such之前，如：No such person exists./They want beer,but don't give them any such thing—tea's good enough./He said “Get out!” or some such rude remark.由此可知答案A正确。B项中的no如改成not或把a去掉就正确了。因no such car等于not such a car，所以C、D两项也不对。
【答案】 A
5.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.
A.much too heavy B.too much heavy
C.heavy too much D.too heavy much
【解析】 本题考查much too和too much的区别。much too用来修饰形容词或副词，亦可写作far too，如：That's much too expensive.“这太贵了。”The summer vacation passed much too quickly.“暑假过得太快了。”而too much则修饰不可数名词或动词，如：There is too much noise in the city.“城市噪音太大了。”You talk too much.“你话说得太多了。”too much亦可作主语或宾语，如：Too much has been said on this point.“在这点上说得够多了。”He gave you too much.“他给你的太多了。”由题意可知答案为A。
【答案】 A
●听力时空
§5.1 第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M：Hi,Jane. How is everything?
W:Not bad, except for my headache.
1.What's wrong with the woman?
A.She has a headache.
B.She has a toothache.
C.She has a stomachache.
【答案】 A
W：What time is it?
M:My watch says 5：45, but it's 5 minutes fast.
2.What time is it?
A.5：40
B.5：45
C.5：50
【答案】 A
M：Do you know what's on after the news?
W:I've got a feeling it's a TV play.
3.What are they talking about?
A.Their feelings.
B.TV programs.
C.Newspapers.
【答案】 B
M：It looks like rain.
W:You may be right. I'll take a raincoat with me.
4.What's the weather like now?
A.Rainy.
B.Sunny.
C.Cloudy.
【答案】 A
W：Go ahead and have a rest.
M:Thanks, but I'd rather stand.
5.What will the man probably do?
A.Sit down and have a rest.
B.Remain standing.
C.Go ahead along the road.
【答案】 B
§5.2 第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段对话，回答第6～8题。
M:You look tired. What time did you go to bed last night?
W:Well, I stayed up writing my composition until midnight.
M:Have you finished?
W:Mm, I haven't. I've just done half of it.
M:I'm sorry you had to work over the weekend.
W:What did you do yesterday?
M:Well, I went with my brother for a swim.
W:Did you enjoy it?
M:I sure did.
6.When did the woman go to bed last night?
A.At 9:00.
B.At 10:00.
C.At midnight.
【答案】 C
7.What did the woman do last night?
A.She wrote a composition.
B.She wrote a letter.
C.She watched TV.
【答案】 A
8.What did the man do yesterday?
A.He wrote his composition.
B.He visited his brother.
C.He went to swim.
【答案】 C
听第7段对话，回答第9～11题。
M:Hello. May I speak to Larry?
W:I'm afraid Larry isn't here right now. Can I take a message?
M:Yes. This is his friend Bob calling. Would you please ask Larry to bring
a few bottles of orange juice to the party tonight?
W:OK. Just a minute. I'm writing this down. “Bob called. You should bring
a few bottles of orange juice to the party tonight.” Is that right?
M:Yes. I guess so. You might ask him to call back if he is free.
W:All right. I'll give him the message.
M:Thanks a lot.
W:Goodbye!
M:Goodbye!
9.Who was telephoning a message to Larry?
A.Her friend.
B.Bob.
C.The woman.
【答案】 B
10.What did the man ask Larry to do?
A.To bring some oranges to the party.
B.To bring some drinks to the party.
C.To bring a few bottles of apple juice to the party.
【答案】 B
11.What was the woman doing while she was answering the call?
A.She was taking down the message.
B.She was drinking a bottle of orange juice.
C.She was sending someone to ask Larry.
【答案】 A
听第8段对话，回答第12～14题。
M:What's the matter? You look very worried.
W:My bag is missing. Has anybody handed one in?
M:No, what kind of bag is it?
W:It is a brown leather shoulder bag.
M:I see. What was inside it?
W:There was a purse and two keys.
M:Was there anything else in it?
W:Yes. There was a letter with my name on it.
M:Good. If anyone hands it in, I'll let you know right away.
W:Thank you very much.
M:You are welcome. Don't worry. It will turn up soon.
12.Why does the woman look worried?
A.Because her two keys are missing.
B.Because there is something wrong with her shoulder.
C.Because her bag is gone.
【答案】 C
13.What kind of bag was it?
A.A yellow leather shoulder bag.
B.A brown leather shoulder bag.
C.A brown cloth bag.
【答案】 B
14.What was inside it?
A.A purse and two keys.
B.A letter.
C.A and B.
【答案】 C
听第9段对话，回答第15～17题。
M:Where did you put my new blue tie?
W:It's right there in the cupboard with your other ties.
M:There's a green one and a couple of brown ones, but no blue one.
W:Here it is in your drawer. You must have put it there when you brought it home.
M:I suppose so. Does it look OK with this green shirt?
W:I think so. We'd better hurry up or we're going to be late. The Johnsons said to come at 7:30.
M:Oh, it's 6:45 now. Sue isn't here to take care of the children yet.
W:She'll be here at 7:00. That still gives us time to get there.
M:Who else is coming tonight?
W:The Browns and the Franks. And Mrs. Johnson's sister will be there,too.
M:Well, I think we'd better go down. Sue should be here pretty soon.
15.How many ties does the man have at least?
A.Three.
B.Four.
C.Five.
【答案】 B
16.Where did the man put his blue tie?
A.In the cupboard.
B.Under his shirt.
C.In his drawer.
【答案】 C
17.What can we learn about Sue?
A.She is Mrs. Johnson's sister.
B.She is a baby-sitter(临时看孩子的人).
C.She is the speaker's guest.
【答案】 B
听第10段独白，回答第18~20题。
Americans often use first names when they meet a stranger and do not always shake hands with each other. They often just smile and say “Hi” or “Hello” instead.
It's good to remember that to an American, such a “Hi” or “Hello” really means the same thing as a polite handshake. Americans do not usually give a handshake to each person when they have a party or business meeting. They will often just wave good-bye to all the people there, saying “Well, so long, everyone. I'll see you tomorrow.” They then leave without shaking hands.
18.What do the Americans do when they meet a stranger?
A.They must say “Nice to meet you!”
B.They must say “How do you do?”
C.They often just say “Hi” or “Hello” to him with a smile.
【答案】 C
19.What do the Americans not do when they meet a person for the first time?
A.They aren't polite enough to him.
B.They don't say anything to him.
C.They don't always shake hands with him.
【答案】 C
20.What does an American often do when he is leaving a party?
A.He often leaves without saying anything.
B.He often waves goodbye.
C.He often gives a handshake.
【答案】 B
●能力提升
§6.1 单项填空
1.On the long journey,Peter _____ a most interesting guide.We all had a wonderful time.
A.practiced B.behaved
C.proved D.conducted
【解析】 prove“被证明是”，后接to be+adj./n.结构，且to be可省略。
【答案】 C
2.I thought of him as my trustworthy friend until,to my _____,he gave me away to the boss.
A.honour B.faith
C.doubt D.shock
【解析】 句中的gave me away意为“出卖”，据此可推知“我非常震惊”。
【答案】 D
3.Flattery may work _____ some people,but it is of no use to me.
A.to B.with
C.for D.on
【解析】 题意是“阿谀奉承对有些人起作用，但对我没用。”work with sb.是固定搭配，意为“对某人起作用”。
【答案】 B
4.Health experts in many countries _____ their ideas about the relationships between our food and our health.
A.have still tested B.still tested
C.are still testing D.still test
【解析】 根据题意可知此句该用进行时态。
【答案】 C
5.There was no _____ that they had got the news.They all looked excited.
A.affair B.doubt
C.matter D.problem
【解析】 There's no doubt that…是固定句型，意为“……是毫无疑问的”。
【答案】 B
6.He had a beautiful smile,and I tried to _____ myself,but I couldn't help smiling back.
A.protect B.stop
C.keep D.hide
【解析】 stop sb.(from)doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”；keep sb.from doing sth.也表示“阻止某人做某事”，但from不可省略，否则就意为“让某人一直做某事”。根据句意，“我想不笑，但还是没忍住。”B项为最佳答案。
【答案】 B
7.Luck _____ our football players,who were defeated by the visiting team.
A.went against B.went over
C.went along D.went off
【解析】 题意是“我们的足球队员运气不好，输给了客队。”go against意为“不利于，违背”。
【答案】 A
8.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly _____？You know there are many burglars these days.
A.to fasten B.to be fastened
C.fastened D.fastening
【解析】 leave意为“使，让”，后接复合结构，且doors and windows与fasten是被动关系，故答案为C。
【答案】 C
9.Don't touch the button with a wet hand.You may get _____ by the electricity.
A.attacked B.destroyed
C.charged D.changed
【解析】 get charged“被电击，触电”。
【答案】 C
10.The police got to _____ was once an old school,_____ the peasants used as a store.
A.what;which B.where;which
C.what;where D.which;where
【解析】 “警察来到一处原来是一所旧学校的地方，此地方被村民们用作了仓库。”由句子结构可看出前是一名词性从句，要用what引导，后是一定语从句，要用which引导。
【答案】 A
11.It is one thing to make a promise,but it is quite _____ to carry it out.
A.other thing B.the other
C.others D.another
【解析】 another后省略了thing。one thing…another(thing)是一习惯句式，意为“做……是一回事，做……是另一回事”。
【答案】 D
12.—Why do you ask whether I've been _____?
—Because you smell _____ cigarettes.
A.smoked;of B.smoking;of
C.smoked;with D.smoking;by
【解析】 题干第一句用了现在完成进行时；后一句中的smell of是词组，意为“有……味儿”。
【答案】 B
13.In face of _____ failure,it is the most important to keep up _____ good state of mind.
A.不填;a B.a; 不填
C.the; 不填 D.不填;the
【解析】 in face of failure“面对失败”；a good state of mind“好的精神状态”。
【答案】 A
14.What a pity! I missed to meet my boss at the airport because my car was _____ in the traffic jam.
A.broken up B.kept back
C.held up D.kept up
【解析】 hold up意为“堵塞，使停顿”，常用于被动语态。
【答案】 C
15.—Why?Where is the key to the meeting room?
—Dear me! You _____ it in the taxi!
A.had never left B.didn't leave
C.never left D.haven't left
【解析】 never比not的语气强，常表示吃惊、不相信等情感。“你不会把它丢在计程车上了吧！”
【答案】 C
§6.2 完形填空
The famous British inventor George Stephenson was born in 1781 and died in 1848.One of his 1 important inventions was the train. He 2 his first train when he was forty-four years old. When he was experimenting with the 3 engine on the train, he met with 4 from the government, the newspapers and the gentlemen in the country. They said that the noise and the smoke would 5 cows, horses and sheep, that the 6 would burst or that the hot coals from it would 7 their houses.At that time, 8 people believed what they said.
George Stephenson 9 the people that the train could go on small 10 ,could pull carriages 11 goods and passengers and therewas 12 to them. It was a very 13 matter for him to 14 them believe. However, after 15 ,he was able to do it; and the first train that 16 by Stephenson himself 17 what he had said.
The first day 18 the people along the way 19 the noises of the train 20 and saw it running quickly to them, they ran backhome as quickly as they could and closed their doors tightly,for they thought it a genius(妖怪).They did not dare to come out until it had passed.
1.A.very B.a lot C.most D.much
【答案】 C
2.A.made B.bought
C.introduced D.did
【解析】 make 此处为制造之意。
【答案】 A
3.A.electrical B.atomic
C.steam D.oil
【解析】 根据常识及下文的noise and smoke来推断，最早的火车是蒸汽机火车，并且只有蒸汽机火车才有噪音大、烟多的情况。故选C。
【答案】 C
4.A.success B.troubles
C.people D.pleasure
【解析】 依据下文的They said that the noise and the smoke would kill cows, horses…推断，人们对他试验蒸汽火车不满。 故选B，意为他遇到了来自政府……的麻烦。
【答案】 B
5.A.kill B.buy
C.interest D.take away
【答案】 A
6.A.smoke B.noise
C.driver D.engine
【答案】 D
7.A.pull down B.blow away
C.set fire to D.pass
【解析】 pull down意为“推倒”;blow away意为“吹走”；pass“经过”；hot coals既
不能推倒也不会吹走他们的房子，但能使房子着火。故选C。
【答案】 C
8.A.most B.few
C.only a few D.the rich
【解析】 根据下文人们对火车的可怕描述，可得知绝大多数人相信他们所说的蒸汽机的危害性。故选A。
【答案】 A
9.A.said B.spoke
C.told D.warned
【解析】 say,speak后若接人，应加介词to,排除A、B；warn意为“警告”，与句意不符，排除D。故只能选C。
【答案】 C
10.A.roads B.rivers
C.steam D.rails
【答案】 D
11.A.short of B.full of
C.empty of D.without
【解析】 short of 意为“缺少”；empty of意为“空的”；without意为“没有”；根据上
下文，此处是向人们阐述火车的用途，不应是不载货、不带客的，故排除A、C、D。
【答案】 B
12.A.no great danger B.dangerous
C.a lot of danger D.few danger
【解析】 there be后应加名词，排除B；danger为不可数名词，排除D；a lot of danger与上下文意思不符。故选A。
【答案】 A
13.A.easy B.difficult
C.pleasant D.light
【答案】 B
14.A.get B.cause
C.make D.force
【解析】 get/cause/force后接宾语再接to do 作宾补，只有make接省略to的不定式作其宾补。故选C。
【答案】 C
15.A.sometime B.some time
C.a few times D.sometimes
【解析】 sometimes“有时”，sometime“某个时候”，a few times“几次”，都不符合句
意；some time“一些时候”，表示时间段，符合句意。故选B。
【答案】 B
16.A.was sold B.was driven
C.was pulled D.helped
【答案】 B
17.A.believed B.seemed
C.sensed D.proved
【答案】 D
18.A.of B.when
C.while D.for
【解析】 when关系副词引导定语从句，作定语从句中的状语。
【答案】 B
19.A.caught sight of B.listened to
C.heard D.thought
【答案】 C
20.A.nearby B.in the distance
C.on the far D.from the distance
【解析】 in the distance意为“远处的”。
【答案】 B
§6.3 阅读理解
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What’s more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb(原子弹)—tried hard to persuade President Franklin D.Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn’t connected with any accepted religion(宗教),Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order.He once said,“God may know everything,but he is not hateful.”
1.From the passage we know that_____.
A.no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B.Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C.Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America
D.Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
【解析】 此题考查细节判断。文中指出，爱因斯坦有可能是20世纪最伟大的科学家，即是他那个时代最杰出的科学家。
【答案】 B
2.If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan,he would_____.
A.have continued his scientific research
B.have won another Nobel Prize for physics
C.not have advised starting uranium research in the U.S.A.
D.not have moved to the U.S.A.
【解析】 此题考查判断推理能力。爱因斯坦热爱和平，当时制造第一枚原子弹的目的是为了打击纳粹，维护世界和平，让人民生活在和平、稳定的环境中。由此得知，假如他知道了题中的事实，他决不会建议搞核试验研究。
【答案】 C
3.Einstein_____in 1933.
A.visited England and the U.S.A.
B.lost everything
C.became a man without a country
D.both A and C
【答案】 D
4.Einstein believed that everything in the universe_____.
A.was kept in order by its own law
B.had nothing to do with each other
C.happened in an irregular way
D.was made by the personal God
【解析】 此题考查细节事实。爱因斯坦坚信宇宙有其自己的规律，宇宙中的万物是按宇宙本身的法则组合在一起的。
【答案】 A
B
“That's funny!These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.”Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London.He had been studying some germs(细菌）that he was growing on a plate.They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people.Dr Fleming found that a mould(霉菌）had floated in through the window landing on the plate.It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
“This certainly looks promising,”Fleming said.“We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”
He named the strange mould“penicillin”.It proved to be a killer of many germs.Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射）with penicillin.The twenty-five untreated mice died,but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin.Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out.Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey,an Australian working in London,read Dr Fleming's report and was very interested.He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.When World War Ⅱ broke out,it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England.
Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made.It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers,sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
1.Dr Alexander Fleming _____.
A.had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people
B.had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses
C.had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate
D.had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better
【解析】　此题考查细节事实。从文章的第二句可以得知。
【答案】　C
2.Some of the germs on the plate _____.
A.had been killed by a mould floating in through the window
B.had been killing one another,which was a surprise to Fleming
C.had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming
D.had been killed by a mould found by another doctor
【答案】　A
3.The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that _____.
A.they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin
B.they were almost dead ahead of the experiment
C.they were easy to die in the experiment
D.they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin
【解析】　此题考查综合理解能力。实验中死亡的25只小鼠被注射了毒菌而没注射盘尼西林（Penicillin,俗称青霉素），青霉素可以杀菌，因而注射了青霉素的小鼠得以存活，余下的死亡。
【答案】　D
4.In 1938,an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming's report and _____.
A.left England for America,making the drug
B.went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers,sailors and airmen
C.found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings
D.went to America to make this drug for mice
【答案】　C
5.The word“enormous”means _____.
A.剩余的 B.恰当的
C.少许的 D.巨大的
【解析】　此题考查词义理解。根据上下文，二战时青霉素供给不足，因此Dr Florey去了美国来帮助制造这种药，这种药数量应该是“巨大的，多的”。后文也证实，这些药救了成千上万人的性命。
【答案】　D
C
Einstein,a great scientist of the age,was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.
Once,while riding a street car in Berlin,he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change.The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct,so he handed it to Einstein,saying,“The trouble with you is that you don't know your figures.”
Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.
He had nothing but contempt(藐视）for the things most peopleset their hearts on—for fame and riches(财富）and luxury(奢华）.
He didn't want money or praise.He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat.Einstein's violin brought him more joy than anything else in life.He said that he often thought in music.
1.The conductor thought Einstein _____.
A.wasn't good at maths
B.had a good memory
C.was either mad or strange
D.liked to make trouble
【解析】　售票员的话是在讥讽爱因斯坦的数学学得不好，连数都算不对。
【答案】　A
2.Einstein meant that many people _____.
A.knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain it
B.had written to have grasped his theory correctly
C.pretended to have grasped his abstract theory
D.admired him very much
【解析】　虽然很多人写文章解释他的相对论，但真正懂相对论的人只有12个人。
【答案】　C
3.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Einstein cared little for fame or wealth.
B.Einstein had nothing but enough fame and riches and luxury.
C.Einstein was eager for the things most people set their hearts on.
D.In the eyes of Einstein,most people had a strong wish to publish book on the theory.
【答案】　A
4.What Einstein enjoyed most was _____.
A.thinking in music
B.playing the violin
C.sailing his boat
D.to be deep in thought alone
【解析】　短文的最后说爱因斯坦钟爱小提琴。
【答案】　B
5.The underlined part“set…hearts on”means _____.
A.believe B.have
C.love D.hate
【解析】　大多数人是热爱名气、财富和奢华的。
【答案】　C
D
Louis Pasteur,the famous French chemist and bacteriologist,invented“pasteurization”.In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille,and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries.Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making,and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.At that time,it was believed that food and drinks go“bad”due to a purely chemical process(变化过程）.But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物）caused food and drinks to go bad.In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts(酵母）that caused the fermentation(发酵）process.Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine,with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air,and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous.It was named“pasteurization”in his honour,and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows' milk.The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(婴儿腹泻）and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products.This simple process has saved thousands,possibly millions,of lives worldwide.
1.Pasteur became _____ in 1854.
A.the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B.the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C.the general manager of a large beer-making company
D.the president of the University of Lille
【解析】　从“In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille”一句可知答案。
【答案】　A
2.According to the passage,Lille was a major centre for _____ in the mid-19th century.
A.growing grain crops
B.making beer and wine
C.doing chemical research
D.producing various kinds of yeasts
【解析】　从第一段中的“Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making,and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh”一句可知答案。
【答案】　B
3.In the last sentence of paragraph 1,the underlined word “they” refers to_____.
A.wine and beer B.food and drinks
C.the various yeasts D.other organisms
【解析】 从第一段最后一句话可知they指的是食物和酒。
【答案】 B
4.We can infer from the passage that Pasteur's discovery_____.
A.is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
B.did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C.has done a lot of good to children in the world
D.has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
【解析】 短文的最后一段讲述了在1900年Pasteur所发明的防止食物和酒变质的方法广泛用于儿童所饮用的瓶装牛奶，使世界上成千上万的儿童免于死亡。
【答案】 C
E
In 1901,H.G. Wells,and English writer,wrote a book describing a trip to the moon.When the explorers(探险者)landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed their surprise to the“moon people”they met.In turn,the “moon people”expressed their surprise.“Why?”they asked,“are you travel ing to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?”
H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon.In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon.People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon.However,the question that the “moon people”asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Underground systems are already in place.Many cities have underground car parks.In some cities,such as Tokyo,Seoul and Montreal,there are large underground shopping areas.The“Chunnel”,a tunnel(隧道)connecting England and France,is now complete.
But what about underground cities?Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems,called“Alice Cities.”The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats,offices,shopping,and so on.A solar dome(太阳能穹顶)would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space.The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks,gardens,and wilderness.H.G. Wells'“moon people”would agree.Would you?
1.The explorers in H.G. Wells' story were surprised to find that the“moon people”_____.
A.knew so much about the earth
B.understood their language
C.lived in so many underground cities
D.were ahead of them in space technology
【解析】 探险者在月球上发现了很多“月球人”居住的地下城市，从而感到惊奇。
【答案】 C
2.What does the underlined word“it”(paragraph 2)refer to?
A.Discovering the moon's inner space.
B.Using the earth's inner space.
C.Meeting the“moon people”again.
D.Traveling to outer space.
【解析】 第二段最后一句是“月球人”提出的问题，现在人们正在考虑这一问题的可行性。
【答案】 B
3.What sort of underground systems are already here with us?
A.Offices,shopping areas,power stations.
B.Tunnels,car parks,shopping areas.
C.Gardens,car parks,power stations..
D.Tunnels,gardens,offices.
【解析】 从文中“Underground systems are already in place.”“Many cities have underground car parks.”和“The Chunnel,a tunnel connecting England and France,is now complete.”三句话可知答案。
【答案】 B
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Alice Cities—cities of the future
B.Space travel with H.G. Wells
C.Enjoy living underground
D.Building down,not up
【解析】 短文提出了一个充分利用地下空间的问题：向地下发展。
【答案】 D
§6.4 短文改错
Einstein liked music and played violin very
1._____
well,and though his mind was busy think about
2._____
problems of the nature,he had a rich sense of humour(幽默).
3._____
He could sometimes tell a joke or two even when he
4._____
was speaking an advanced theory of physics to a learned
5._____
group of men.For example, he was once given a talk
6._____
on his theory of time.He had discussed score of different
7._____
ideas about time when he suddenly stopped, and
8._____
with a look that seem to say “I’m sorry” he asked,
9._____
“Does someone know what time it is now? I’m
10._____
afraid I must stop here.”
【答案】
1.violin前加the 2.think→thinking
3.去掉the 4.could→would
5.speaking后加about 6.given→giving
7.score→scores 8.√
9.seem→seemed 10.someone→anyone
§6.5 书面表达
假设你是一名China Daily的记者，你在1998年1月为China Daily写了一篇简讯。
注意：1.要写一个标题。
2.词数为100～120。
提示：1.为迎接即将在法国举行的世界杯足球赛，国际足联将组织举旗活动，以使比赛具有公平竞争的精神；
2.世界文明的斯尼克巧克力公司将给予资助；
3.活动时间：1998年2月～1998年4月；
4.活动范围：法国所有主要城市；
5.参与对象：两名经过挑选的中国青少年与382名来自世界其他各地的青少年；
6.比赛举行期间，这些旗帜一直飘扬，以激励人们刻苦、勇敢和竞争的精神。
参考词汇：the 1998 World Cup Football Match;the International Football Federatio
n;fair play;Snickers;flag-holding ceremony
【参考答案】 
Two Chinese Teenagers to Hold Flags for 1998 World Cup
To welcome the 1998 World Cup Football Match to be held in France,the International Football Federation is going to run a program.The program aided by Snickers,the world famous chocolate company,aims to bring the spirit of fair play to the coming match.
The program will go on from February to Apirl,1998,in all major cities all over France.Two Chinese teenagers will be chosen to join 382 other lucky boys and girls from all over the world to attend the flag-holding ceremony for the 1998 World Cup Football Match.
The flag will be flying throughout the games as a sign of fair play to encourage people to have the spirit of hard work,bravery and competition.
●资料选摘
Accidents May Happen
Kite
Probably the most famous kite in history was Benjamin Franklin's.In 1752 he flew a silk kite in a thunderstorm to prove that lightning and electricity are the same thing.
But kites have been used for many hundreds of years.Most experts believe kites originated in China about three thousand years ago.At first they were not used as a way to have fun on a breezy afternoon;the Chinese army used them as signals.A kite's color,its painted pattern,and the way it was flown could send messages far away.Kites were also used as beacons,to distribute pamphlets,and even to transport bombs.
Chinese soldiers tied bamboo shoots or stiff paper to their kites.When the kites soared overhead,the wind blowing through the bamboo or paper made a harsh whistling sound.The noise terrified the enemy,and they ran.
Just as today's kids imitate adults by playing with toy guns and toy airplanes,Chinese children quickly began flying kites.
Kites have been used through the centuries in religious ceremonies,at festivals,and as tools for studying weather.Kites contributed to people's knowledge as they began to build airplanes.

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