初三第6单元易混词点拨

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作者:王书政
1. ago; before
ago和before均表示"以前",都可以在句中作副词,放在表示时间的词语之后。但二者有区别:
ago的参照点是"现在",常用于一般过去时;before的参照点是"过去的某个时间点",常用于过去完成时。
以two years ago和two years before为例:前者是指从现在算起的两年前。如:
John left a few minutes ago. (以现在为参照点);后者则是指从过去的某一个时间点算起的两年前。
如:He said that he had seen her two years before. (以他说话的那一刻为参照点)
二者若置于一个句子中,其差别就更容易理解了: I visited him two days ago, but he
had gone to London five days before.
2. sometime; sometimes; some time; some times
sometime是副词,可与过去时或将来时连用,表示"(在过去)某个时候"或"(在将来)某个时候"。如:
I saw him sometime in May.
I'll buy a new house sometime.
sometimes是一个表示时间频率的副词,意为"有时候"。如:
Sometimes I help my mother with the housework.
some time多数情况下作名词短语,意为"一些时间;一些时候";它还可以作副词词组,用来表示一个未肯定的时刻,此时它可与sometime互换。如:
I'll be away for some time.
Let's have dinner together some time / sometime next week.
some times是"几次、几倍"之意。如:
They have been there
several times.
3. stop doing; stop to do
stop doing sth.是"停止做某事",动词的-ing形式是stop的宾语,指停止正在进行的事情; stop to do sth.是"停下来去做某事",动词不定式作目的状语。如:
He stopped talking. (他停止了谈话。)
He stopped to talk.(他停下来开始谈话。)
4. when; while; as
when, while和as都有"当......之时"之意,区别在于:
when从句的谓语动词可以是瞬间性的(get up, arrive, start等),也可以是持续性的(be, stay, wait, live等)。如:
It was raining when we started.
I lived in this village when I was a boy.
while从句中的动词必须是持续性的。当when从句中的动词是持续性动词时,就可以用while来代替when。
as从句强调从句的动作与主句的动作同时进行,可译为"一边......一边......"或"随着......"。如:
He sang songs as he was taking a bath.
As she grew older, she became more beautiful.


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