宾语从句需注意
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作者：沈建林 杨素琴
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在实际运用中，要想真正学好宾语从句，必须注意以下几个方面：
A. 正确运用引导词
1) 当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来时，引导词为that (that在口语或非正式文体中可以省略)。
下列动词后面常跟that 引导的宾语从句：say, think, hope, hear, feel, decide, agree, mean, remember, wish等。如:
I hear that English is useful.
"be+形容词"结构后也常接that引导的宾语从句，如be加afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sure, surprised, thankful, worried等。如：
I'm afraid that we will have an English test tomorrow.
2） 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，引导词由原来的疑问代词或疑问副词充当。如：
I don't know what he said. (疑问代词)
He asked me where I live. （疑问副词）
3） 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转变而来时，引导词为whether或if。
下列动词或词组后面常接whether或if引导的宾语从句：ask, know, find out, tell, wonder, understand， question, doubt等。如：
I doubt whether he will succeed.
I wonder if you can help me.
B. 正确运用时态
1） 主句为过去时态，从句也要相应地选用过去的某种时态。如：
He told us that he felt ill.
He said he would go to the park the next day.
He asked me what I was doing then.
2) 主句为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句时态的影响，可以根据意义需要任意选择一种时态。如：
I hear Mrs. Smith will arrive here in an hour.
I won't take back what I said.
Please tell us when the meeting will be over.
3) 当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句及谚语等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律使用原时态（通常是一般现在时）。如：
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
He said time is money.
C. 正确运用语序
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管宾语从句由哪种句式转变而来，从句都必须采用陈述语序，即"引导词+主语+谓语+（其他）"结构。如：
We don't know where he lives.
句中where he lives不能改为where does he live。
D. 正确运用标点
宾语从句句末的标点符号应根据主句来确定。如：
I don't know ... .
Where is he from?
→ I don't know where he's from.
Can you tell us ...?
Is everybody here?
→ Can you tell us if everybody is here?
E. 人称的呼应
在宾语从句中，从句的人称有时需根据主句的需要而作相应的变化。如：
Mike asked me...
When were you born?
→ Mike asked me when I was born.
He told me...
I will visit you next week.
→ He told me he would visit me the next week.
F. 否定的转移
当主句的谓语为think, believe 等, 且主句主语为第一人称时，宾语从句中的否定词not 应移到主句的谓语动词上来。如：
We believe...
Their team can't beat ours.
→ We don't believe their team can beat ours.
G． 反意疑问
含有宾语从句的复合句在进行反意疑问时，疑问部分通常由主句来决定，但当主句中含有think, believe 等动词且主句主语为第一人称时，疑问部分则需由从句来决定，不过应注意否定转移的情况。如：
He said Jack failed the exam, didn't he? (由主句来决定。)
I don't think you are right, are you? (由从句来决定，且应考虑否定转移的问题。)


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