| 探寻单项填空题思维干扰源 |
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作者：王嵩 在英语单项填空题中,有很多是针对学生解题的思维定势所出的"陷阱"题。出题人往往通过句子结构的某些变化,来达到干扰学生的思维、使学生误入歧途的目的。同学们要学会识别干扰因素,理清句子结构,保持清醒头脑,提高抗干扰能力,从而避开"设题陷阱",提高解题的准确性。 命题人通常采用下面一些手段,来设计题干干扰信息: 一、插入语干扰 1. He believes in himself,_________, in my opinion, is of great importance. A. that B. which C. what D. as 2. He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him? A. happens B. has happened C. happening D. to happen 3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 4. The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed had a strong sense of duty. A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those 析:这类题主要是利用插入语,增加句子的复杂程度,从而达到干扰学生视线的目的。我们只要去掉冗余信息(插入语),答案就一目了然了。 二、标点符号干扰 5. Tom,_________sure to come tomorrow. A. is B. be C. was D. would be 析:很明显,Tom在这里并不是句子的主语,而是称呼语。 三、疑问句干扰 命题人利用一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的特殊结构,达到干扰目的。解题时,只要把句子还原为陈述句,就可以看清它的庐山真面目了。如: 6. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith? A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go 析:我们可以把它变为陈述句:I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. 原来是把句子的宾语提前到了句首,go是省去了to的不定式作宾语补足语。 四、倒装句干扰 7. On the grass_________two sheep. A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid 析:这个句子的语是two sheep而非grass,故选用复数谓语动词。 五、从句和先行词分离干扰 同位语和定语从句一般情况下是紧跟在先行词之后,但有时为了句子平衡的需要,先行词和从句分开,从而造成了干扰。如: 8. The question came up at the meeting _________ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 析:后面的句子是一个同位语从句,而它的先行词是句首的question。 六、省略句干扰 9. The girl is very shy, and never speaks until_________to. A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken 析:这个句子从句省去了相同的主语she和be动词,可以恢复为:The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to. 10. If you don't go there,_________I. A. neither do B. nor will C. so do D. neither did 析:此句尽管条件状语从句用的是一般现在时态,但并不一定表示现在的动作。从句子意义来判断,动作发生的时间应该在将来,很显然,它省去了一个将来时间状语。 七、被动句干扰 A. to work B. working C. having worked D. being worked 析:有些同学一见到介词,后面马上用名词或动名词。这恰恰落入了命题人设置的陷阱。此题of的宾语实际上是every minute。如果把它变为主动式,答案就显而易见了。即:We make full use of every minute to work at our lessons. 八、搭配干扰 有时,出题人故意造成是某种固定搭配的假象,似是而非,极易上当。 12. This is the very room_________I slept in that evening. A. that B. which C. where D. at which 析:时间状语that evening前面不必加介词in,故这个定语从句应用关系代词引导,考虑到先行词被very修饰,故用that引导定语从句。试比较: This is the very room where I slept in the evening. 13. The country life he was used to_________greatly since the opening policy. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. having changed 析:he was used to在句中作定语从句,修饰life。分析句子结构,整个句子缺少谓语动词,故填入主句谓语。 九、定语从句干扰 14. The young student did all that he could_________the examinations. A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed 析:that he could (do) 是定语从句,修饰all。to pass the examinations在句子中作目的状语。 15. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_________went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 析:这道题考查了两个知识点,一是考查了have sth. done结构,二是定语从句。she had had repaired(had的宾语which在定语从句中提前,且省略了)是定语从句,修饰the washing machine。此句可译为:"布朗夫人很失望地发现她刚刚请人修理好的洗衣机又出了毛病。" 十、非正常语序干扰 16. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at 析:为了保持句子平衡,该句采用了非正常语序。该句的正常语序是:The home improvements have taken what little of my spare time there is. 本句意为"改善家庭居住条件占去了我仅有的一点业余时间。"there is是定语从句,用来修饰前面的名词短语what little of my spare time。 十一、强调句干扰 17. It is the protection for the trees_________really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. A. what B. that C. / D. which 析:此句是强调句,强调主语。可还原为:The protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. 十二、词形变化干扰 18. -I like football. -_________my sister and me. A. So do B. So are C. So did D. So it is with 析:如不仔细观察,学生很可能选择A。应该要注意这里的me。我们知道so does sb. 句式是一个倒装句,即sb. 是句子的主语,要求用主格。 十三、多义词干扰 试比较下列两个例句: 19. He is a strange character,_________is very hard to get along with. A. who B. which C. that D. where 20. He has a strange character,_________makes him difficult to get along with. A. who B. which C. that D. where 析:多义词character在两个例句中有不同的含义。在例1中,character表示"人物",在例2中,character表示"性格"。 参考答案: 1-5 BBBAB 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 AABBC 16-20 CBDAB |
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