Unit 19 A freedom fighter
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一、教学目标与要求
学习并了解美国黑人民权领袖马丁•路德•金战斗的一生，用英语描述这位伟大的民权活动家一生中重大的活动，是本单元的教学重点和对学生的言语能力要求。经过学习和操练，学生应能用较为流利的英语简述马丁•路德•金的生平，和他为黑人争取平等权利所做的不屈不挠的斗争；要求学生能背诵第75课最后一段里马丁•路德•金所做著名演讲的一段名言；复习定语从句的用法，进一步掌握由关系副词引导的定语从句及非限制性定语从句的用法；正确完成练习册安排的练习。
二、教学重点与难点
1．重点词汇 march；demand；forbid；educate；achieve；separation；equally；explode；nationwide；dream；admit；minority；join in；over and over again；put…in prison；set an example；give in；make a speech；side by side
2．重要句型 1）The message he gave was that black people should not be separated but should be treated as well as other people，and with complete respect．2）King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle．3）I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character．
3．语法 复习定语从句（Revising the Attributive Clauses）1）I lived in a part of town where there were no schools．2）Martin Luther King，Jr．，who died in 1968，was an important political leader．3）On August 28，1963 King made a speech to thousands of black people that immediately became world-famous．
4．日常交际用语 谈论某个事件（Talking about an event）1）Why are you in here？2）I was on the march．3）What march？4）Haven’t you heard？There was a big civil rights march through the centre of Birmingham yesterday．5）What happened on the march then？6）I joined in the march and we were marching peacefully along and then the police came up．
三、课型
（一） 对话课
Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．教师用下述语言引出本课内容：You probably know that in the 1960s there was a great movement in the United States，which was known as the Civil-rights Movement．Many black people fought for their civil rights．They were led by Martin Luther King Jr．Later we’ll learn more about him．Now we’ll listen to the dialogue and see what happened to the speakers．
2．准备放对话录音。借助投影打出以下听前提问：1）Where did the conversation take place？2）Where did the big civil rights march take place？
放录音一至两遍，请学生回答上述问题，教师予以必要订正。
Key：1）The conversation took place in prison．2）The big civil rights march took place in Birmingham．
3．再次放对话录音，学生跟读。将学生分为两人一组练习对话。数分钟后，请两三组同学到前面表演，教师予以讲评。
4．要求学生归纳本课对话中有关谈论某个事件（Talking about an event）的常用语句（见日常交际用语部分），并根据本课对话内容，整理以下有关信息：
1）the big civil rights march 2）the situation for the black people in Birmingham 3）the two men in prison
当堂要求学生完成。数分钟后，请几位同学在班上交流，教师予以讲评。
Model：
1）There was a big civil rights march through the centre of Birmingham，because the black people of Birmingham wanted equal rights．They were marching peacefully along and then the police came up．The police told the black people to go home but they went on．The police then said that the march had been forbidden，but that wasn’t true．Later the police hit them with their sticks and put some of the black people in prison．
2）The black people of Birmingham wanted the same rights as the white people in the city．For many years they had been demanding better housing and jobs．Yet they were not treated as equal citizens．They couldn’t go to the public parks or swimming pools．It was forbidden．
3）The first speaker was a stranger here in Birmingham．He was from the West Coast．He did not know that the situation was bad for black people in Birmingham．Nor did he know that the black people were fighting for their civil rights．The second speaker was a black．He took an active part in the civil rights march．But he was put in prison by the police and was also hit by them．His whole body hurt．
5．布置作业 1）预习第74课；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。

（二）阅读理解课（Ⅱ）

Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．检查生词及短语。
2．向学生提出下列问题：1）Does anybody know anything about the famous American freedom fighter，Martin Luther King，Jr.？（板书学生提及的内容。）2）OK．It seems to me that you know something about this famous American political leader．But some of you do not know much of him．It doesn’t matter．We will learn this passage and I’m sure you’ll know more about him．Now tell me what you expect to learn from this passage about Martin Luther King，Jr.？
再次板书学生提及的内容。并通过以下过渡，引出本课：
Good．Now I understand that you are interested in the topics listed on the blackboard．Do you think we can get all this information from the passage？Let’s wait and see．After learning the passage you will be able to know whether the passage gives you all this information or not．
3．准备阅读课文。教师给出读前提问：1）What did he fight for？2）Why did King have many enemies？
教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。
Key：1）He fought for political rights for black people in the USA．2）King had many enemies because of his work in the black liberation movement．
4．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。教师就课文内容提问，检查学生的理解程度：
1）When and where was Martin Luther King，Jr．born？2）What was his father？3）Did he like sports？Please give examples．4）How did he earn money as a boy？5）What did he like to do and what did he hate？6）Say something about his education．7）What was his belief？8）In which year did he win the Nobel Prize？And what did he do with the prize money？9）How did the enemy treat him and when was he murdered？
Key：1）Martin Luther King，Jr．was born in 1929 in Atlanta，Georgia．2）His father was a minister in the church．3）Yes，he did．He enjoyed basketball，tennis and especially football．4）He delivered paper round to earn some money．5）He liked making friends and disliked fighting in any form．6）When he was 15 he won an entrance prize to a college in one of the northern states．And from 1948～1951 he continued his studies in Philadelphia．7）His belief was that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights．And he also believed that they could achieve their goal by peaceful revolution，not by fighting and killing．8）In 1964 King received the Nobel Prize for Peace．And he gave the whole of the ＄54 600 prize to the freedom movement．9）The enemy wanted to kill him．Once a bomb exploded and destroyed his house．King was murdered on April 4th，1968．
学生先在小组内交流并相互启发、补充，然后请学生在班上交流，教师予以讲评。
5．课堂活动
根据课文所提供的信息，请学生谈一谈南北美国黑人在当时的不同处境：
Say something about the different situation for the black people in the north and the south at that time in America．
6．布置作业 1）复述课文，描述这位伟大的民权活动家一生中重大的活动；2）完成练习册中所安排的练习。
( 二 ) 阅读理解课（I）
Ⅰ．教具 录音机、投影仪。
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．检查学生课文朗读和复述。
2．准备阅读课文第二部分。教师给出读前提问：1）Why did the police take Parks away when she was taking a bus？2）How long did the movement last？
教师给学生数分钟，要求学生快速阅读课文，之后请同学回答上述问题。
Key：1）Rosa Parks was a black woman．She got on a bus in Alabama and sat down in the “Whites-only” section，which was not allowed at that time．She refused to move and so was taken away by the police．2）The movement lasted a whole year．
3．放课文录音，学生跟读一至两遍。
4．教师用投影仪打出以下表格，学生利用两篇课文中所提供的信息填写表格，描述这位伟大的民权活动家。

（斜体部分为参考答案，可不向学生展示）
学生先在小组内交流并相互启发、补充。七八分钟后，要求同学根据自己所填写的内容，描述这位伟大的民权活动家的一生，教师给予讲评，鼓励学生将自己整理的内容连成短文。
5．课堂活动
如有条件，播放马丁•路德•金著名演讲的录音中 “I have a dream”一段，学生反复聆听并将本课最后一段背诵。
6．布置作业 1）将两课内容结合，描述这位伟大的民权活动家的一生；2）背诵本课最后一段；3）完成练习册中所安排的练习。

（三）语言训练课

Ⅰ．教具 投影仪。
Ⅱ．课堂教学设计
1．教师检查课文复述。
2．教师从本单元词语中选择部分常用词语，配以例句介绍给学生。要求学生反复练习这些例句，并请同学造句，教师予以讲评、订正。
1）demand v．/n．
The blacks demanded the right to vote as the whites do．
The boss came downstairs and demanded to know what was going on．
Is there a great demand for teachers in this area？
2）forbid
Uncle Wang has been strictly forbidden to smoke or drink．
She says that her mother has forbidden her to read such cartoon books．
Smoking is now forbidden in many public places．
3）join in
After school some students talked about the plan for the outing．
Then their teacher came over and joined in their discussion．
About 500000 people joined in the celebration of National Day held on Oct．1st，1999．
Will you join us in a walk？
4）separation/separate
His separation from his family made his parents very sad．
They were pleased to meet after a long separation．
England is separated from France by the Channel．
These are separate problems and can not be handled in the same manner．
5）explode/explosion
The boiler exploded and many people were injured by the hot stream．
At 9：20 there was a terrible explosion near the police station．
6）give in
At first he demanded that his money should be given back to him immediately．But in the end he gave in．
If he keeps asking you to let him stay at home from school，you mustn’t give in．
7）make a speech
The professor is going to make a speech on the life of Martin Luther King Jr．
At first he said he would make a speech at the meeting．But then he changed his mind．
8）admit
She admitted having read the letter．
He admitted that he had not finished his composition．
This ticket admits three people．
3．课堂讨论
要求学生描述在马丁•路德•金时代居住在南方的黑人处境以及形成这种处境的原因：
Ask the students to say something about the situation of the blacks living in the south in Martin Luther King’s time．The teacher may help present some facts to the students and let them discuss the reason for all this．
Facts：1）Blacks were not treated as equal citizens in the southern states．2）Mixed race marriages were forbidden．3）There were separate sections for blacks in shops，restaurants，hospitals，buses and trains．4）Black children were educated in separate schools．The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child．5）Black people had no right to vote in the southern states．If they wished to，they had to pass a reading test．
Reason：The southern states had passed their own laws to continue the separation of blacks and whites．
在马丁•路德•金的领导下，黑人进行的斗争和境遇上得到的改善：
Improvements after the struggle of the black people led by Martin Luther King Jr．
1）In 1964 a new Civil Rights Act was passed．Any organization that received money from the US government had to treat the blacks equally．
2）In 1965，a new Voting Rights Bill became law．From then on，all black people had the right to vote．
3）The government lawyers in the capital said that the Bus Company did not have the right to separate blacks from whites on their buses．All public places were opened to blacks．
4）Within a few years of his death，black people across the country held important jobs in the government．Many blacks work as managers，lawyers，teachers，bankers，broadcasters and newspaper editors．
学生先在小组内交流并相互启发、补充。七八分钟后，全班进行讨论，教师予以讲评。
4．布置作业 1）预习第20单元；2）完成练习册中安排的练习。
四、难句分析
1．For years we’ve been demanding better housing and jobs．多少年来我们一直在要求好的住房条件和工作（环境）。
句中demand是及物动词，意为：要求。主要有以下几种用法：
1）可接名词或代词。例如：
The blacks demanded the right to vote as the whites do．黑人要求和白人一样享有选举权。
2）可接不定式短语。例如：
Grandpa came downstairs and demanded to know what was going on．爷爷下楼来，想了解发生了什么事。
3）可接从句，从句中多使用虚拟语气（即：should+动词原形，其中should可以省略）。
例如：
At the meeting held yesterday，some parents demanded that less homework（should）be given to the students．在昨天开的会上，一些家长要求给学生少留一些作业。
demand还可用作名词。例如：
There is a great demand for English teachers now．现在英语老师的需求量很大。
2．The message he gave was that black people should not be separated but should be treated as well as other people，and with complete respect．他带给人们的启示是黑人不应该被隔离，而应该受到像对待其他人一样的待遇，而且应该受到完全的尊重。
There were separate sections for blacks in shops，restaurants，hospitals，buses and trains．在商店、餐厅、医院、公共汽车和火车上都有专为黑人设置的隔离区。
在以上两个句子中，分别出现了separate一词。在第一句中，separate是动词，读作〔′sep¶reit〕，意为：分隔；把……分开来。例如：
A garden separates the house from the next．一座花园把这所房子和其他的房子隔开。
在第二句中，separate是形容词，读作：〔′seprit〕。意为：单独的；各自的。例如：
The children sleep in separate beds．孩子们各睡各的床。
and with complete respect是个省略句，省略了和上一句相同的内容，以避免重复。其完全形式是：and should be treated with complete respect．
3．King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle．金要求黑人不要妥协，而要继续斗争。
call for意为：要求。例如：
People are calling for freedom of all slaves．What is your answer to that？人们在要求给奴隶以自由。你对这个问题的答复是什么呢？
The workers are calling for strike action．工人们在要求举行罢工。
call for还可以表示“来找某人；来取某物”。例如：
I’ll call for you at your house．我将去你家找你。
The man has called for the rent．那个人来要房租。
give in意为：让步；妥协；屈服。例如：
The enemy is surrounded，and must soon give in．敌军被包围了，用不了多久肯定会投降。
Though he was ill，he stuck at his work and refused to give in．虽然他病了，但他坚持工作，不放弃。
4．On August 28，1963 King made a speech to thousands of black people that immediately became world-famous．1963年8月28日，金向成千上万的黑人发表了一篇演说，这篇演说词立即举世闻名。
这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。that immediately became world-famous是从句，修饰先行词speech。通常情况下，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后。但有时由于行文的需要，在先行词与关系代（副）词之间，插入其他成份，如本句中插入了to thousands of black people。再如：
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace？你还记得十年前一个下午我来到你家借一条钻石项链吗？
I was the only person in my office who was invited．我是办公室里唯一被邀请的人。

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