从“Don’t you + 动词原形”谈祈使句否定式 -- 中学英语教学资源网

从“Don’t you + 动词原形”谈祈使句否定式


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作者：王久辉 --由NMET2003一道高考题想到的首先请看NMET2003第24题: -Sorry, Joe. I didn't mean to... -Don't call me Joe. I'm Mr Parker to you, and ________ you forget it! A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't 该题应选D,构成带主语的祈使句的否定式。这种结构跟我们常见的祈使句的否定式不一样。一般情况下,没有主语的祈使句的否定结构是在句子前面加"do not"或"don't",但有主语的祈使句的否定结构只能用don't,表示"强调、不高兴、厌烦、鄙视"等情绪。上题中don't you forget it!意思是:"你给我记住!"表示"不高兴"。又如: (1) Don't you be late again. 你可别再迟到了。 (2) Don't forget about the bet. Dinner for the entire family, and that includes Susan. Don't you forget. 别忘了我们打的赌,给全家人做饭,包括苏姗的。你可别忘了哦。 (3)Oh, Susan, don't you cry for me!噢,苏珊,别为我哭泣! 由上述几例可以看出,"don't you+动词原形"引出的祈使句常常有如下特点: (a)主语往往是you;(b)句子以don't开头,而非didn't, can't, won't等;(c)句末常用的标点符号是句号或感叹号,而不是问号,如句末用问号就构成了反意疑问句。对此应严加区分,以防混淆。请比较: Don't you turn on the light!别开灯! Can't you turn on the light?把灯打开好吗? 祈使句是高考题中常考的语法知识。事实上,NMET1999第10题就已经考过带主语的祈使句的肯定结构。这道题是这样的: -Alice, you feed the bird today, will you?(划线部分为正确答案,下同) -But I fed it yesterday. 请再参考NMET2003第33题: -Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. -Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing. 值得注意的是带主语的祈使句的主语通常是you,但也并非总是如此,如上例NMET2003第33题。又如: Everybody shut their mouths. 都给我把嘴闭上。 Tom and Susan come over here. 汤姆、苏珊,过来。 Somebody fetch me a basin of water. 谁去给我打盆水来。 Those against the plan, please raise your hands. 反对这个计划的人请举手。相关链接：教学论文高三教学论文		·语文课件下载 ·语文视频下载 ·语文试题下载
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