How come及其它
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作者：曾祥顺
请看下面一道高考题:
-Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
-________?
A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come
答案:A
本题检测考生在实际情景中运用英语进行交际的能力。A、B、C三个选项考生比较熟悉,但是对How come这种说法并不熟悉,下面对How come在交际用语中以及其它一些用法进行归纳:
I. How come...?
How come是固定搭配,意为:怎么会......?怎么回事......?怎么搞的......?它和Why一样,可以用来引导一个问句。所不同的是,如果用How come来提问,就表示你觉得某件事很奇怪,有点想不通;并且,以How come开头的问句使用的仍是陈述句的语序。如:
How come you didn't tell me earlier ? (=Why didn't you tell me earlier ?) 你怎么不早点儿告诉我?
How come you didn't invite him to the party! He is your future boss. 你怎么没有邀请他参加晚会!他是你未来的老板。
另外,以How come开头的问句有时也可说成:How comes it (about) that... ? / How is it that... ? 如:
How comes it that you're so late? (=How is it that you're so late?) 你为什么来得这么迟?
II. What for... ?
What for... ? 是询问什么原因或目的,相当于:Why...? / For what purpose...? 如:
What do you need to borrow money for? I thought you had plenty of money. 你为什么需要借钱? 我本以为你有许多钱。
-Let's go and have a good drink tonight.
-________ Have you got the first prize in the competition?
A. What for? B. Thanks a lot.
C. Yes, I'd like to. D. Why not?
答案: A
III. How about...? / What about... ?
1. 用来询问情况或打听消息等,意为:......怎么样?......如何?如:
How about your English exam yesterday? 你昨天的英语考得怎么样?
-How are you getting on with your work? 你工作情况如何?
-Not bad. What about you? 不错,你呢?
2. 用来提出请求、建议或征求对方意见,后面除跟sth. 外,还可跟动名词doing,意为:你认为......怎么样?......如何?如:
How about the two of us ________ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
答案: C
IV. Why (not)...?
Why not...? 用来向对方提出一个建议,意思是"何不......?" 它是一个省略形式的问句,相当于 Why don't you / we...? 如:
Why not go home now? = Why don't you go home now? 你为什么现在不回家呢?
Why not go out for a walk? = Why don't we go out for a walk? 我们何不出去散散步呢?
注意:Why not后面必须接动词原形,即Why not do...? 如:
-I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
答案: D
V. If only...
If only意思是"但愿......;要是......就好了",常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句,用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望,相当于as long as。如:
If only I were as clever as you!要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊!
If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train. 要是我们按时到,就不会误车了。
If only it would stop raining! 但愿雨停下来。
注意: only if 也引导条件状语从句,表示"只有......(才);只有在......的时候;唯一的条件是......"的意思;与if引起的条件句相比,语气更强。如:
He will succeed only if he does his best. 他只有尽力而为才能成功。
I'll come only if you really need me. 只有当你真正需要我的时候,我才来。
VI. What if...?
What if...? 句型可用于两种情况:一是提出建议,问别人"意下如何,是否可行",相当于:What do you think if... ?二是用于询问将来可能发生的事或面临的情况,表示恐惧、忧虑,有"万一"之意。如:
What if we go and see a film tomorrow night? 我们明晚去看电影好吗?
What if we get burgled while we're on holiday? 要是我们度假时家里被撬了怎么办?
What if I came tomorrow instead of this afternoon?如果我今天下午不来明天来你以为如何?
That was very clever, but what if the plan had failed. 那是很高明的,不过这个计划若是失败了,结果会怎么样呢?


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