点击主语从句考点
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作者：籍万杰
主语从句是中学阶段的重点语法项目,也是高考的热点之一。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法,本文结合高考试题,对主语从句的考查热点进行梳理,以便帮助大家明确其命题特点,掌握答题技巧。
一、恰当选用连词
1. 考查连词that, whether, what等。
that引导主语从句时,只起连接句子的作用,本身没有词义,在从句中也不作句子成分,但通常不能省略。例如:
That the college will take in more new students this year is true. 今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
whether引导主语从句时,表示主语从句意义的不确定性,在从句中不作句子成分,但有词义,作"是否"解。例如:
Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。
一般说来,已经确定的事情常由that引导,没有决定的事情常由whether引导。
what引导主语从句时,意为"......的事物",相当于the thing(s) that。
[原题再现]
① ________ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
② After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ________ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
答案: ① C ② B
2.考查whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等。
这些词在从句中不含疑问意义,它们引导主语从句时,whoever=the person who或anyone who;whatever=anything that;whichever意为"无论哪一个"。
[原题再现]
________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案: C
3. 考查where, when, how, why, wherever以及how many / how much / how far / how long / how soon等。
这些词本身有词义,并在从句中作状语。例如:
How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将怎样解决这个严重问题还没有决定。
Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个难题。
Why he did that wasn't quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。
How much water is flowing can be easily measured. 有多少水在流动很容易就能测出来。
二、it用来作形式主语
在某些情况下,可以由it作形式主语,而把真正的主语从句移到句子后面。
1. 谓语是seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely等词或短语时。
[原题再现]
The Foreign Minister said, "________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
答案: D
2. 用于It is suggested / required / ordered / demanded that...句型中,动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用"should + 动词原形",should可以省略。例如:
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 你应该花更多的时间学习英语。
3. 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that...句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用"should + 动词原形"的形式,should有时有感情色彩。例如:
[原题再现]
It is necessary that a college student ________ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
答案: B


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