从高考试题看名词的考查热点 |
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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语论文 → 高考复习指导 手机版 | ||||
作者:籍万杰 纵观近年来的高考试题,可以发现高考对名词的考查主要侧重于以下几个方面: 一、 考查名词的单复数形式 英语中名词分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类。 1. 不可数名词包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词,一般没有复数形式,不能直接被数词修饰。下面这些名词是部分常见的不可数名词: advice, air, information, fun, music, furniture, luggage, behavior, bread, butter, equipment, dust, housework, honesty, news, paper, knowledge, sugar, progress, traffic, weather, work等。不可数名词前通常不用不定冠词,作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 [原题再现] -I'd like________information about the management of your hotel, please. -Well, you could have________word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some; a B. an; someC. some; some D. an; a information是不可数名词,其前不可用an,have a word with sb.(与某人说句话)是一固定搭配。答案为A。 2. 有些不可数名词加上复数词尾后,词义发生了变化: paper(纸)-papers(报纸;文件);work(工作)-works(工厂;作品;工事);green(绿色)-greens(青菜);等等。 [原题再现] He gained his________by printing________of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works wealth意为"财富",是不可数名词,没有复数形式;work在本句中意思是"作品",应使用复数形式。答案为D。 3. 有些名词只有复数形式。如: goods(货物), glasses(眼镜), compasses(圆规), regards(问候), clothes(衣服), trousers(裤子), contents(目录),等等。 [原题再现] I need________cloth, for I'm going to make________clothes. A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot cloth意为"布",是不可数名词,其前不能用many或数词修饰;而clothes是复数名词,不能用much修饰,应使用many。答案为A。 4. 抽象名词和物质名词具体化。有一些抽象名词在一定情况下,特别是有限制性定语修饰时,意义常常被具体化,变为可数名词。 [原题再现] Many people agree that________knowledge of English is a must in________international trade today. A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D. /; the a knowledge表示"对......懂;对......有某种程度的了解";international trade泛指"国际贸易",前面不用冠词。答案为A。 二、考查名词作定语 名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词,表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等,名词作定语时通常要用单数形式。如: a shoe shop(鞋店), street lamps(路灯), a book case(书柜),等等。 注意:1) man和woman作定语时,它所用的数必须与后面的名词保持一致。如: three men drivers(三个男司机),five women nurses(五个女护士),等等。 2) 名词本身就是复数形式时,仍用复数形式作定语。如:arms control(武器控制), sports meeting(运动会), clothes shop(服装店), a goods train(货车),等等。 The________is just around the corner and you won't miss it. A. bicycle's shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles' shop 答案为B。 三、考查名词词义辨析和习惯用法 近年来的高考试题语境化程度越来越高,经常考查名词词义在具体语境中的细微差异;同时,地道的英语惯用法的掌握情况也是命题者测试的热点。 [原题再现] ①-I'm sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. -There is no________for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. explanation 本题考查名词的辨析,首先要搞清四个名词的意义和用法。excuse"理由","借口"; reason"原因"; cause"事件起因"; explanation "解释"。根据题意"你在值班的时候是没有理由出去的",应选B。 ②I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children's________. A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place 本题考查惯用语, out of one's reach或out of the reach of sb.意思是"某人够不着"。答案为A。 |
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