从一道高考题聚焦take的用法
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作者：杨时务
先看下面一道高考题:
The taxi driver often reminds passengers to ________ their belongings when they leave the car.
A. keep B. catch
C. hold D. take
此题重点考查常用动词的词义辨析。keep意为"保持,保存,履行"; catch意为"抓住,赶上,领会"; hold意为"握住,担任,认为"; take意为"拿走,带走"等。根据题意:出租车司机时常提醒乘客下车时带走自己的物品,由此可以确定正确答案为D。
take是一个非常活跃的动词,考生应理解并能在实践中灵活运用。
一、take意为"拿走,带去,夺去"
We're going to take the students around the factory this afternoon. 我们打算下午带领学生参观工厂。
The earthquake in 1976 took thousands of lives. 1976年的那次地震夺去了成千上万人的性命。
take作"拿走,带去"解(由近而远);bring作"拿来,带来"解(由远而近);fetch作"去拿来,去请来"解(由近而远,再由远而近,包括往返动作); carry作"携带,带有"解,不强调方向,注重随身携带。
Take the axe to the next room, and bring the file here. 把斧头拿到隔壁房间去,把锉刀拿到这儿来。
How many kilograms of luggage can I carry with me? 我可以随身携带多少公斤行李?
Please fetch me a dictionary from the library. 请替我到图书馆去取一本词典来。
二、take意为"拿,取,握,捕捉"
She took me by the hand and told me a secret. 她拉住我的手告诉我一个秘密。
A large number of the aggressor troops were taken prisoner in the battle.在那次战斗中许多侵略军被俘。
三、take意为"需要,花费"
Don't take too long over the gardening: it's nearly supper-time. 别在园子花太多的时间:晚饭时间快到了。
To my surprise, the journey took me three hours. 使我惊讶的是,我在路上花了三个小时。
take, spend, cost, pay的区别:
spend与 pay的主语一般是人; take与 cost的主语通常是物。另一方面,与它们相搭配的介词有别。
Tell me how much the new computer cost you.
Tell me how much you spent on the new computer.
Tell me how much you paid for the computer.
Tell me how much it took you to buy the new computer.
请告诉我你花了多少钱买这台新电脑。
四、take意为"吃,喝,服用,吸收,容纳"
Tell him the medicine is to be taken three times a day.告诉他这药日服三次。
To my satisfaction, the bookshelf just takes the books. 使我满意的是,这书架正好可以装进这些书。
五、"take+介词 / 副词"构成的短语动词
take away"拿走,夺去"; take along"随身携带"; take back "收回,带回";take down "咽下,记下"; take in"接受,领会"; take off "脱下,取消,起飞"; take on"呈现"; take up"着手处理,占据(时间等)"; take to"开始,喜欢"; take out"拿出,去掉"。
六、"take+名词(+介词)"构成的短语动词
take advantage of"利用"; take charge of"负责"; take care of "照料"; take hold of"握住"; take the place of"代替"; take possession of "占有"; take notice of "注意"; take it easy "别着急"; take interest in "对......感兴趣"; take a fancy to "爱好"; take part in"参加"; take one's leave"离开"; take place "发生"; take trouble "效劳"; take a chance "碰运气"; take pains "费力"; take pity on "同情"; take delight in "为......高兴"; take heart"鼓起勇气"; take one's time"不慌不忙"; take office"就职"; take the train "乘火车"; take a walk"散步";take pride in"以......而自豪"。


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