选用分词并不难 弄清逻辑是关键
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作者：籍万杰
同学们在做有关分词的单项填空题时,经常会遇到选doing(现在分词)还是done(过去分词)的问题。有些同学对此搞不清楚,经常混淆。其实,只要弄清现在分词和过去分词的意义,并且知道在选择分词时关键要看分词与其逻辑主语的关系,问题便迎刃而解了。
分词的基本用法简单概括为:现在分词表示"主动、进行";过去分词表示"被动、 完成"。如果分词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,选用表示主动意义的现在分词;若分词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则选用表示被动意义的过去分词。下面根据分词在句中的作用分别加以说明。
一、 分词作定语
分词作定语时,其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词。选用现在分词还是过去分词就看其与逻辑主语的关系。如果分词与其逻辑主语是意义上的主谓关系,则选用现在分词;如果是动宾关系,则选用过去分词。例如:
The man standing by the window is our English teacher. 站在窗边的那个人是我们的英语老师。(the man与stand构成逻辑上的主谓关系)
An island is a small piece of land surrounded by water.岛屿就是一小片被水围绕的陆地。(surround与land构成逻辑上的动宾关系)
注意:现在分词一般式的被动式(being done)与过去分词(done)都表示被动意义,但意思不同。being done表示正在进行的被动动作;done表示动作已经结束。
[真题回放]
1. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
2. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
二、分词作状语
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语。如果分词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,选择表示主动意义的现在分词;如果是动宾关系,则选择过去分词。例如:
Seen from the Moon, our Earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears to be a blue ball.从月球上看,被水覆盖了
70%表面的我们的地球就像是一个蓝色的球体。(see与其逻辑主语the earth在逻辑上是被动关系,所以使用过去分词形式)
Seeing nobody at home, I decided to come again.看到没人在家,我决定再来一趟。(逻辑主语I与see在逻辑上是主谓关系)
[真题回放]
3. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
4. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
三、 分词作补足语
分词作主语补足语或宾语补足语时,其逻辑主语是前面的主语或宾语。若分词是主语或宾语发出的动作,用现在分词;若分词是主语或宾语的被动动作,用过去分词。
[真题回放]
5. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
6. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
四、 分词作表语
分词作表语时,看分词与主语的关系。若是主谓关系,用现在分词;若是动宾关系,用过去分词。另外,要注意amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch等的用法。其同根形容词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词表示主语所具有的特征,意思是"令人......的";过去分词表示主语所处的状态,意思是"......的"。
[真题回放]
7. - I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
-Mm, it does have a ________ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
答案: 1-5 BDADB 6-7 CD


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