| 现在分词考点直击 |
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作者：籍万杰 近年来的高考试题侧重对分词的功能、时态、语态以及现在分词和过去分词的区别进行考查。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式(doing)表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;完成式(having done)表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。例如: Being a student, he is interested in books. Having studied in the university for four years, he knows the place very well. 现在分词还有主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态(being done)。如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,就用分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。例如: The question being discussed is of great importance. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 下面结合高考试题谈谈现在分词的考查重点。 一、作补足语 现在分词可以作宾语补足语和主语补足语。分词作宾补时,常用在带复合宾语的感官动词或使役动词的后面。 1.常见的可以跟复合宾语的感官动词有see, hear, watch, listen to, notice, observe, smell, look at等。 [原题再现] -Why did you go back to the shop? -I left my friend ________ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits 答案为A。waiting作宾语my friend的补足语,表示正在进行的动作。 二、作状语 现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,选用分词时,一定要看分词与其逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系,如果表示与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生,选用现在分词的一般式;如果分词的动作先于谓语动作之前发生,就用分词的完成式。 [原题再现] Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 答案为C。lack与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,选用表示主动意义的现在分词,lack是及物动词,后接宾语 money。 注意:1) 当句子的主语不是分词的逻辑主语时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,这就是分词的独立主格结构。例如: Time permitting, you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou.如果时间允许的话,你们可以参观一下杭州的一些名胜古迹。 2) 高考题有时会给出作状语的分词短语,让考生选出含有其逻辑主语的句子。 [原题再现] Finding her car stolen, ________ . A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 答案为D。根据现在分词短语finding her car stolen,可以断定其逻辑主语是she。 三、作定语 分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后,其逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词或代词,表示逻辑主语发出的动作。单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词或代词之前。现在分词作定语,表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。 [原题再现] The bell ________ the end of the period rang, ________ our heated discussion. B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 答案为A。本句的谓语动词是rang,两个空白处都应使用非谓语动词,逻辑主语是the bell,因此应使用表示主动意义的现在分词。第一空是分词短语作定语,第二空是分词短语作状语。 如果两个动作有先后,一般不能用现在分词的完成式作定语,而应使用定语从句。如: The old man criticized the boy who had broken the window. (不宜用having broken the window) 四、 作表语 现在分词作表语,表示主语发出的动作。须注意amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch等动词常用其现在分词和过去分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语所具有的特征,意思是"令人......的";过去分词表示主语的状态,意思是"感到......的"。 [原题再现] It is believed that if a book is ________, it will surely ________ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 答案为D。第一空用现在分词作表语,意思是"令人感兴趣的";第二空填及物动词interest,意思是"使......感兴趣"。 现在分词属非谓语动词内容,是高考重要考点之一,考生对此内容不可忽视。看过第1面的《现在分词考点直击》一文之后,你一定收获不小。为了避免大家盲目猜题,下面的习题中也包含了非谓语动词的其他形式,请自我检测一下吧! 1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, ________for help. A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called C. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called 2. -Oh, it's already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? -We'll go on with the matter________ this afternoon. A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage. A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking 4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked 5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father. A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed 6. Time________, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7.________, the boy couldn't enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 8. ________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translated D. Having been translated 9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do. A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame 10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge 12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14. -Who were those people with the flags? -A group________ itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night. 17. Linda can't attend the party________ at Tom's house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party ________ at Marie's house tomorrow. A. being held; to be held B. to be held; held C. held; being held D. to be held; to be held 18. The situation is more ________than ever. I'm ________about what to do next. A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling 19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. A. find B. finding C. found D. to find 20. ________her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard key: 1-5 ACBCD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AADBC 16-20 DACBD |
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