高中英语第二册Unit 2 语言要点
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1. go ahead 进行、开始、往下说
The building of the new airport will go ahead as planned. 新机场的修建将按计划进行。--- May I start now? --- Yes, go ahead. --- 我现在可以开始吗？--- 可以，开始吧。
2. burn down 烧毁、烧掉
The angry people burnt down the church. 愤怒的人们烧毁了那座教堂。The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down. 先是床单着火，然后整个房子可能被烧毁。
3. give up 停止，放弃
Your idea is a good one. Don't give it up. 你的主意不错，别放弃(千万别写成give up it)。 Don't give up your plan for trip. 不要放弃你旅行的计划。
放弃做某事：give up doing sth. 如：He isn't in good health, so he has to give up playing football.
他由于身体不好，只能放弃踢球。
4. compare … with … 把…和…相比
My English cannot be compared with his. 我的英语不能和他的相比。There is nothing to compare with a nice cold drink when you get home after work.
把……比作（含有比喻意）常用compare … to… 如：The teacher is often compared to a candle.
我们经常把老师比作红烛。Girls are usually compared to flowers.
5. compared to/with … 与…相比
这个过去分词词组常用来作状语：In the 16-19 age group, 32% of women smoke, compared to 28% of men. 在16岁至19岁年龄组里，有32%的妇女吸烟，而男人只有28%。
6. get (sb) into the habit of 促使某人养成某种习惯
I've got into the habit of getting up early. 我已经养成了早起的习惯。Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking. 尼古丁是一种使人吸上烟瘾的毒品。掌握：改掉坏习惯 break off/up the bad habit / get rid of the bad habit 养成…习惯 build up / develop the habit of 有…习惯 have the habit of 养成良好的学习习惯 pick up good habits of study
7. be used to 习惯于（做）某事
I’m not used to the food here yet. / You’ll soon get used to living in the country. / When smokers who are used to nicotine go without it for an hour or two, they begin to feel bad. 那些对尼古丁上了瘾的吸烟者，若一两个小时没有尼古丁，便感觉到难受。
go without 在没有…的情况下勉强对付过去，如：One can't go without water and food. 不吃不喝就没法生存。Father died, but the family had to go without him. 父亲去世了，但一家人还得勉强过下去。

1. Do you mind if I smoke? 我可以抽烟吗？Would you mind if I smoked in the office next door? 我可以到隔壁办公室里抽烟吗？
Do / Would you mind … 常用来表示“请求许可”的意思。句中的mind作“介意”，“反对”解，mind后可跟if从句或动词的-ing形式。
Do you mind if I open the window? = Do you mind my opening the window? = Would you mind if I open the window? 我打开窗子好吗？
[注意] 对这些问句的回答要特别注意。假如在答语里表示愿意，该说“Certainly”,或“Of course”或说“No” 。如表示不愿意，说“I’m sorry, but …”或“You’d better not…”或“I’m afraid…”等，如：Would you mind waiting for me a few minutes? Of course not.
2. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking. 每四个吸烟者当中就可能会有一个因吸烟而死亡。
chance在这里作“可能性”解。如：Chances are that the new machine will arrive tomorrow.
新机器明天可能运到。 The chance is that about ten students in one hundred will pass the test.
每一百名学生中大约只有十人可能通过这个测试。有时可以用a chance来表示“一线希望”。如：There is a chance that the sick child will get well.这个生病的孩子还有希望好起来的。
chance还有“机会”的意思：Tom was waiting for a chance to introduce himself. I can explain everything if you'll just give me a chance. You really ought to be punished, but I'll give you one last chance.
3. That means that once you start taking the drug, it is hard to stop. 一旦吸上这种毒，你便难以戒掉。
once 引导的条件（或时间）状语从句，一旦: Once you are used to smoking , you can hardly stop it. Once a war breaks out, I’ll join the army.
　

1. Every year, millions of smokers die because of illnesses which are caused by smoking tobacco. 每年有数以百万计的人因为吸烟引起的疾病而导致死亡。 掌握cause的用法: What caused his illness? What caused him to change his mind?
2. People who smoke in bed often fall asleep while they are smoking. 躺在床上吸烟的人，经常在吸烟的时候睡着了。
fall asleep 入睡: She always falls asleep when watching TV.
3. Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking cigarettes. 每年烟草公司必须设法使不吸烟的人开始吸烟。
固定搭配是 persuade sb. to do sth. 如：They persuaded me not to go out alone at night. 他们说服我晚上不要一个人出去。 The doctor advised Tom to give up smoking but he couldn't persuade him. 医生劝汤姆戒烟但他没能说服他。还可说 Don't let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don't really want.
4. This is because each year million of smokers die from the habit. 这是因为每一年有数以百万计的瘾君子死掉。
英语中的die原因分两种，内因和外因，die 后面的介词也要用of和from分别表示。如：My grandpa died of hunger in the old days. 我爷爷在旧社会死于饥饿。死于饥饿是身体内部的原因，类似还有死于干渴（thirsty）、悲伤（sadness）等，这些原因都用die of这个词组；die from是死于外因，比如死于某种不良习惯(habit),受伤(wound),操劳(overwork), 事故(accident) 等，如：He died from explosion. 他死于爆炸。死于某种疾病，一般die of和die from都可以用。
5. In Britain, sales of cigarettes have been reduced by 30% in the last ten years. 在过去的十年里，英国香烟的销售量下跌了30%。
这里by用来表示数量增减的程度。Production costs have been reduced by one third.　生产成本下降了三分之一。
6. Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking. 因此，如果烟草公司想继续保持营业的活，就得鼓励年轻人开始吸烟。
这句话里 remain 做系动词，意思是“继续保持”，“仍然处于某种状态”， 如：If you don't eat you'll just have to remain hungry. 你如果不吃东西，就得继续挨饿（形容词做表语）。Peter became a news reporter, but John remained a woodcutter.彼特成了新闻记者，而约翰还是一名筏木工人（名词做表语）。I came back, but the door remained closed. 我回来了，可门还关着（过去分词作表语）。remain无被动语态：After the fire , very little remained of my house.
7. The problem with tobacco is that it contains a drug called nicotine. 烟草的问题在于它含有一种叫尼古丁的毒品。
a drug called nicotine过去分词做定语，通常放在名词之后。如：illness caused by smoking 吸烟引起的疾病；the house burnt down in a big fire 在大火中烧毁的房屋；the bridge washed away by the flood 被水冲走的桥。
8. The body is calling for a new supply of the drug nicotine. 体内要求补充能使人上瘾的尼古丁。
call for 在本句中是“需要”的意思，如：Success in school calls for much hard study. 成绩好就需要刻苦努力。This project calls for a lot of money. 这个工程需要大笔钱。这短语还表示：叫（某人），如：I'll call for you at your house tomorrow. 明天我到你家去叫你。
9. All they need is something to make them feel better at that moment. 他们所需要的只是某种使他们当时感到舒服的东西。
all后省掉了that而不是what或which.
10. One thing that will stop them feeling bad is the drug nicotine, which is contained in cigarettes. 有一样东西会使他们不感到难受，那就是使人上瘾的尼古丁，它含在香烟之中。
当你看到长句子时，要耐心找出主句，然后再划分出它们的修饰成份。掌握contain的用法 (to have something inside, or have something as a part): He opened the bag, which contained a notebook and a pen. / The letter contained important information about the new equipment.
11. population 这个词常考，所以一定要特别注意。表达人口的多少我们不用many或few,而用large表示人口“多”，small表示人口“少”，如：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Nanjing. 上海的人口比南京的多。提问有“多少人口”时也不说How many 而应该说 What 或 How large. 如: What's the population of your city? 你们这座城市有多少人?
　

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
That he is still alive is sheer luck.　他还活着全靠运气。(主语从句)
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.　约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。(宾语从句)
The fact is that he has not been seen recently.　事实是近来谁也没有见过他。(表语从句)
The point is whether we should lend him the money.　问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。(表语从句)
I have no idea when he will return.　 我不知道他什么时候回来。 (同位语从句)
The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。(同位语从句)
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
I、Useful Expressions:
照料病人 着火
全世界香烟的三分之一 烧掉
劝某人戒烟 与……相比
鼓励某人做…… 引起重病
要求补充 养成早上听新闻广播的习惯
习惯于…… 吸毒
II、Sentences:
1.目前中国大约有38%的人吸烟。
2.每四个烟民中就有一人可能因吸烟而死去。
3.在过去十年来，在英国香烟销售量下降了30%。
4.他们所需要的是某种可以使他们当时感到舒服的东西。
5.已变坏的食物对身体有害。
6.我们应设法不让孩子玩火。

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