如何使用动名词
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作者：李国勤
动名词是高考热点内容之一,掌握动名词的用法一直是高中生的一大难题。怎样使用动名词呢?请听听李国勤老师的指导。
问:动名词作主语和不定式作主语有什么区别?
答:动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、经常性和不具体的泛指动作;而不定式作主语通常表示一次性、未来的且具体的特指动作。例如:
1) Swimming is my favorite sport, but I don't like to swim today because it's cold.
2)Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ________ .
A. he'd like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
说明:
1.动名词作主语和不定式作主语有时可以互换,例如:It is dangerous playing (to play) with fire. / Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.
2. 动名词作主语常用句型:It's no good / use + 动名词/There is no + 动名词,例如:
1) It's no good saying anything at such times. (试比较:It's not good /It does no good to say anything at such times.)
2) There is no telling what will happen. (试比较:It is impossible to tell what will happen.)
问:动名词作宾语和不定式作宾语有什么区别?
答:1.有些及物动词只能用不定式作宾语,如wish, hope, ask, help, refuse, learn, demand, dare, choose, expect, decide, agree, promise, offer, manage, pretend, elect, desire, fail, long, determine等。例如:
When I came in, he pretended to be sleeping.
2. 在admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(考虑), enjoy, escape, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, mention, mind, miss, practise, resist, suggest(建议), risk, put off, can't help(禁不住), look forward to等动词或词组之后要用动名词作宾语。例如:
At the bad news, she couldn't help crying.
I cannot forgive not seeing my grandmother before she died.
3. 在remember, forget, mean, regret, stop, try等动词之后既可以用动名词也可以用不定式作宾语,但其含义不同。例如:
1) I remember doing the exercise. 我记得做过这个练习。
2) You must remember to do the exercise. 你必须记着做这个练习。
3) I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我很抱歉地通知您,我们不能雇用您。
4) I bitterly regret telling / having told the old man the bad news that his son was injured in the accident. 我十分后悔告诉了老大爷他儿子在车祸中受伤的事情。
5) I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我本不打算伤害你的感情。
6) Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就意味着解放生产力。
7) You must stop smoking. 你一定要戒烟。
8) I stopped to buy a newspaper. 我停下来买了份报纸。
9) Try holding your breath to stop sneezing. 憋住气试试看能否止住打喷嚏。
10) You really must try to overcome your shyness. 你的确应当努力克服腼腆。又如:
11) What a poor memory I've got! I remember ________ the letter but forgot ________ it.
A. to post; to stamp
B. to post; stamping
C. posting; to stamp
D. posting; stamping
句意为:我的记忆真糟糕!我记得把信寄了却忘了贴邮票。"remember doing sth." 记着做过某事;forget to do sth. 忘了要做某事。
4. 在need, want, require后面用动名词主动语态的一般式作宾语含有被动意义。例如:
The room needs / wants / requires cleaning / to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。
问:请您说说动名词的复合结构好吗?
答:动名词的复合结构是由"名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + 动名词"构成的。动名词的复合结构作主语时,动名词的复合结构多用:"名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + 动名词";动名词的复合结构作宾语时,动名词的复合结构也可用"名词通格或代词宾格 + 动名词"。例如:
It's no use your trying to deceive me. 你想骗我是没有用的。
问:请您说说动名词的时态和语态好吗?
答:动名词既具有动词的某些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。动名词的形式(以write为例):
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 writing being written
完成式 having written having been written
当动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时,动名词要用完成式;当动名词所表示的是被动动作时,动名词要用被动语态。例如:
He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess. 他为下棋上从未被击败而自豪。


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