高频词break用法

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在Unit 7中有这样一个句子:
AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body's immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.
句中的break是一个使用频率极高的单词,它不但含义多,搭配能力强,而且是高考中的常考项目。为了便于同学们掌握break, 现将其用法归纳如下:
一、break的基本用法
(一)作动词
1. 作及物动词
①打破;打碎;使折断
Take care not to break the cup. 小心别把茶杯打碎了。
If you pull too hard you will break the rope. 如果你太用力拉,就会把绳子拉断。
②违背;违反
He accused his father of having broken his word. 他指责他的父亲违背诺言。
The worker broke the rule of running this machine. 这名工人违反了操作这台机器的规则。
③减弱(力量);打破(记录);中断(某事)
The government is determined to break the power of the trade unions. 政府决心削弱工会的势力。
She is eager to break the Olympic 100 meters record. 她渴望打破奥运会100米记录。
2. 作不及物动词
①折断;破碎
The thread breaks where it is weakest. 线在最脆弱的地方容易断。
The rope broke and he fell to the ground. 绳子断了,他摔到了地上。
②(天)亮;(消息)突然传出;(身体或精神)垮掉
As I walked home the dawn was just breaking over Paris. 我启程回家时,巴黎的天刚蒙蒙亮。
There was a public outcry when the scandal broke. 丑闻传开后引起了公愤。
He broke under questioning and confessed to everything. 他经受不住盘问,精神上垮了下来,于是供认了一切。
(二)作名词(通常为可数名词)
1. 间歇;休息时间(尤指工作期间)
She's worked for 27 hours without a break. 她已经不间断地工作了二十七个小时。
2. 机会;运气(多用于口语中)
Give him a break and he'll succeed. 给他一个机会,他会成功的。
二、由break构成的常用搭配
1. break down (机器)坏了;(计划、谈判)失败;(谈话、通讯)中断
We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down. 很抱歉我们来晚了,但是由于车坏了。
Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判已经破裂。
2. break into 破门而入;打断(谈话);(不得已)占用
He broke into our talk rudely. 他粗鲁地打断了我们的谈话。
His father broke into his money in order to buy a car. 为了买车,他父亲只好用了他的钱。
3. break off 突然停止;中断(谈判);断绝(关系)
These two countries have broken off relations again. 这两个国家又断交了。
4. break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾等)爆发
World War II broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
5. break up散会、(学期)结束、驱散(集会)、(精神上)垮掉
When does school break up?本学期什么时候结束?


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