聚焦插入语
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作者：苏捍东
插入语是中学英语的重要语法内容，也是高考的考点之一。它通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。我们在书写时多半用逗号把它与句子其它部分隔开。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。插入语的类型较多，常见的有：
1. 形容词（短语）作插入语。能用作插入语的形容词（短语）常见的有：true, wonderful, excellent, strange to say, most important of all, sure enough等。如：
Wonderful, our team has won again. 太好了，我们队又赢了。
True, it would be too late.真的，太晚了。
Strange to say, she hasn't got my letter up to now. 说来也奇怪，她到现在还没有收到我的信。
Most important of all, we must remember all the grammar rules. 最重要的是，我们必须记住所有的语法规则。
2. 副词（短语）作插入语。能用作插入语的副词（短语）有： indeed, surely, still, otherwise, certainly, however, generally, personally, honestly, fortunately,luckily, though, besides, exactly, perhaps,maybe, probably, frankly, or rather等。如：
When he got to England, he found, however, that his English was too limited. 可是到了英国之后他发现，他的英语太有限了。
Otherwise, he would still be working at school. 不然的话，他还会在学校工作的。
3. 介词短语作插入语。能用作插入语的介词短语有： in fact, in one's opinion, in general, in a word, in other words, in a few words, of course, by the way, as a result, for example, on the contrary, on the other hand, to one's surprise, in short, as a matter of fact, in conclusion, in brief等。如：
To their surprise, they saw not locusts this time but seagulls.使他们惊讶的是，他们这次看到的不是蝗虫而是海鸥。
You can't wait anymore-in other words, you should start at once.你不能再等了--换言之，你得立即出发。
On the contrary, we should strengthen our ties with them. 相反，我们应该加强和他们的联系。
4. V-ing（短语）作插入语。能用作插入语的V-ing（短语）常见的有：generally speaking, strictly speaking, judging from / by, talking of, considering等。如：
Generally speaking, the weather in Britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. 一般来说，不列颠的气候冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。
Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist. 从衣着来判断，他可能是个艺术家。
Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?说到唱歌，你今晚愿意和我一起去听音乐会吗？
5. 不定式短语作插入语。能用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be frank, to be honest, to be sure, to tell you the truth, to make matters worse, to sum up, to start with, to begin with等。如：
To be frank, I don't quite agree with you. 坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。
To tell you the truth, I'm not so interested in the matter. 跟你说实话，我对这件事情的兴趣不大。
To sum up, success results from hard work. 总而言之，成功是艰苦努力的结果。
6. 句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语。能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure, I believe, I think, I know, I suppose, I hope, I'm afraid, you see, what's more, that is to say, as we know, as I see, believe it or not等。如：
Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说，它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。
I believe, China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later.我确信，中国迟早会赶上发达国家。
He can't pass the exam, because he doesn't study hard. What's more, he
isn't so clever. 他不能通过这次考试，因为他学习不认真，更何况他又不太聪明。


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