高二第十单元重、难点问答
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作者：赵忠西
1. How does nature form a danger to people in the world and how can science help reduce that threat?
[问] reduce的主要用法有哪些?
[答] reduce意为"把......减少"、"降低（价格）"、"缩小（程度、尺寸等）"，是及物动词。例如：
She reduced her weight by 6 kilograms. 她的体重减轻了6公斤。
The bike was reduced from 300 yuan to 200 yuan. 这辆自行车的价格从300元降到200元。
You must reduce your expenses. 你必须减少你的开支。
reduce还表示"使成为"、"使处于（某种状态）"，多用于被动语态，且与介词to连用。例如：
The house was reduced to ashes. 房子被烧成灰烬。
In the past, she was reduced to begging. 在过去，她被逼得去讨饭。
2. Some people got into a total panic, when the typhoon pulled the roofs off their houses and cars went up in the air.
[问] get into a panic表示什么意思?
[答] get into a panic意为"进入恐慌状态"，是固定搭配，可与about连用，引出原因。例如：
They got into a panic about the fire in the building. 他们因大楼起火而变得慌乱起来。
He got into a panic when he thought he'd forgotten the passport. 他想起忘了带护照时，惊慌起来。
3. The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.
[问] at hand能用by hand替代吗?
[答] 不能。 at hand意为"在近处"，是介词短语，而by hand则表示"用手"。例如：
We live close at hand. 我们住在附近。
Fortunately there was someone at hand. 幸好附近有人。
This desk was made by hand. 这张桌子是手工制作的。
at hand还表示"在手边"、"即将来到"，作状语或表语。例如：
I haven't my dictionary at hand. 我的词典不在手边。
The examination is at hand. 考试即将来到。
4. With a tearing crash, tons of water fell upon the deck, as though the ship passed under a waterfall.
[问] as though的主要用法是什么?
[答] as though表示"好像"、"仿佛"，是连词，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。通常用来表示主观想象或夸大性的比喻，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气。该用法在本报第14期《貌似错误却有理，别有用意表虚拟》中已讲过，不再赘述。
as though引导表语从句时，若从句中的情况发生的可能性很大，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。例如：
The meat tastes as though it has already gone bad. 肉尝起来好像已经坏了。
It looks as though we'll have to walk.看来我们得步行了。

第十单元易混词语辨、练、析

作者：陈光明
一、escape; flee
1. Only two of the revolutionaries ________ from the prison.
2. The enemy ________ in disorder on hearing our guns.
3. No gas ________ from the pipe, but I still smelled something unusual.
4. We go south to ________ the winter.
5. Lu Zhishen killed his enemy and ________ his hometown to be a monk.
6. Luckily, there were a lot of people around and he ________ being drowned.
7. I'm afraid your name ________ me.
Key: 1. escaped 2. fled 3. escaped 4. escape 5. fled 6. escaped 7. escapes
【简析】escape指安然"逃脱（走）；跑掉"，强调结果，一般为不及物动词(如1)。用作及物动词时，表示"逃避；避开危险或不愉快的事"（如4和6）或"被疏忽；遗漏；泄漏"（如3和7）。flee指"逃奔；逃走"，侧重指逃走时的急促状况，强调动作本身，不表明其结果。既可用作不及物动词（如2），也可用作及物动词（如5）。
二、awake; wake
1. I walked in quietly because I was afraid of ________ him.
2. Some students ________ read in bed.
3. His letter ________ old memories.
4. His father sat in the chair ________ all night.
5. When I ________ the sun was shining into the room.
6. You must stay ________ while you are on duty.
Key: 1. waking / awaking 2. awake 3. awoke 4. awake 5. woke / awoke 6. awake
【简析】awake 用作形容词时, 一般用作补足语、表语(如6)或表示伴随状况（如4），也可用作后置定语（如2）；用作动词时，既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，但都不与up连用(如1和5)；作"醒来；弄醒"解，通常可与wake换用；作"唤起对......的回忆"解，不能用wake或wake up代替（如3）。wake较为通俗，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，单独使用或与up连用均可（如1和5）。
三、serious; severe
1. She was in ________ pain.
2. The bad harvest led to ________ food shortage.
3. Do you think that he is ________ about leaving his wife?
4. The underwater trials will provide the ________ test of the engine's capabilities.
5. Nothing ________ . Just a cold. Don't worry about me.
Key: 1. severe 2. severe 3. serious 4. severest 5. serious
【简析】severe指"（伤害、痛苦、担心、不舒适等的程度上）严重的；激烈的；剧烈的"(如1和2)，也可指（处理方式上、标准要求上）"严厉的；严格的；苛刻的"（如4）。serious作"严重的；严肃的"解时，强调须认真对待（如5）；也表示"认真的；并非开玩笑的"（如3）。
四、knock about; knock on; knock into
1. He returned home after he had ________ for ten years in Africa.
2. Please ________ the door before entering.
3. The old typewriter ________ the house for three years. It is of no use at all.
4. He ________ an old lady while walking in the street and fell over.
5. The prisoners are said to ________ there.
6. This kind of sense ________ their heads when they were children.
Key: 1. knocked about 2. knock on 3. has been knocking about 4. knocked into 5. have been knocked about 6. was knocked into
【简析】knock about 既可作不及物动词，表示"闲逛；漫游"（如1）或"放置在（不引人注意的地方）（如3）"；也可用作及物动词，作"虐待"解（如5）。knock on中的on表示"敲打"的方向，可与at换用（如2）。knock into 表示"撞上"（如4），也表示"强行灌输"（如6）

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