Talking about What You Should Do and Should Not Do
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作者：陈觉法
知道什么事该做，什么事不该做，这是作为一个社会公民应具备的最起码的道德常识。就连一个普通老百姓也知道：有毒的药不能吃，犯法的事不该做。这句话既朴实又明白，反映了广大人民追求真理，弃恶扬善的本质。怎样用英语表达"什么事该做，什么事不该做"是每个英语学习者必须掌握的知识，也是我们本期"口语之窗"的话题。
I. Useful expressions
(A) Asking if somebody should do something
I should drop out of the competition, shouldn't I? 我应该退出比赛，是不是？
I ought to tell them beforehand, oughtn't I? 我应该预先告诉他们，是吗？
Need I pay for the broken glass? 我需要为摔碎的杯子付钱吗？
Do I have to do away with my bad habit? 我是不是得改掉我的坏习惯？
Am I expected to repeat it? 我要不要重复一遍？
Am I supposed to stay to take care of my mother? 我是不是该留下来照看母亲？
Must I take notes? 我必须记笔记吗？
Are we required to work out the program today? 是不是我们今天就得把方案制订出来？
Are we under any obligation to support the company? 我们是不是有义务支持这家公司？
Is there any need for us to look into the matter? 我们有没有必要调查此事？
Aren't we obliged to study the details of the contract? 我们要不要研究该合同的细节？
(B) Talking about what somebody should do
I think we should take care of these deserted cats. 我认为我们应该照顾这些流浪猫。
You ought to go back home often to see your parents. 你应该常回家看看父母。
You need to apply to several colleges. 你需要向几所大学提出申请。
I think you're expected to correct your mistakes. 我看你要改正自己的错误。
I think you're meant to queue. 我认为你应该排队。
I'm afraid you must show your certificate. 恐怕你必须得出示你的证件。
I'm afraid you'll have to put up with hot weather. 恐怕你得忍受这酷热的天气了。
You're supposed to pay your wife's debt. 你应该偿还你妻子的债务。
You are to chair the meeting while the chairman is absent. 主席不在的时候，你应该来主持会议。
If I were you, I would charge him of his ruining human rights. 我要是你，就会控告他践踏人权。
(C) Talking about what somebody should not do
You mustn't cover up your faults. 你不应该掩盖自己的过失。
You shouldn't have littered things about. 你不应该把东西到处乱扔。
You oughtn't to have told her this bad news so early. 你本不应该这么早就把这个不好的消息告诉她。
You're not supposed to be late for school any more. 你不应该上学再迟到了。
You're not expected to stay in low spirits. 你不要再萎靡不振了。
Nobody has any right to break the traffic regulation. 任何人都无权违反交通规则。
You mustn't bring any prohibited goods with you. 你不可以随身携带任何违禁物品。
II. Background information
在表达"应该做某事"时，要注意must和have to，以及should和ought to的区别。一般来说，must表主观认为"（某人）必须（做某事）"，have to表客观"不得不（做某事）"。should强调说话人的看法，而ought to多用来表达一种责任或道义上的"应该"。


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