Unit 13　Healthy eating
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Ⅰ.Teaching Goals:
1.Talk about eating habits and health.
Talk about seeing the doctor.
Practise giving advice and making suggestions.
2.Use the modal verbs:had better,should and ought to
Learn some useful cooking terms.
Read and write recipes.
Ⅱ.Teaching Time:
Four periods
Ⅲ.Background Information:
1.Healthy diet
Most people,young or old,don't know how to plan a healthy diet.Some people eat too much,and some eat too little.Many people don't eat breakfast at all except for a cup of coffee,and most people eat a very heavy and greasy dinner.One important factor in a healthy diet is balance.A balanced diet contains enough amounts of food for the three meals of a day and a variety of foods such as vegetables,fruits,eggs,milk,cereals(谷类食品)and meat.For breakfast,which starts you off on a long day's work,you need enough food to provide you with enough energy.Lunch is equally important.If you don't store enough energy at lunchtime for a long afternoon of work,you will easily feel tired.But after dinner,normally you relax yourself and don't need much energy,so it's preferable to have a light dinner.Moreover,varieties of food give you different kinds of nutrients your body needs.If your diet lacks variety,you are bound to be deficient in nutrition.Your diet is essential to your health.If you often feel tired or fall sick,it's likely that you don't have a balanced diet.
2.Fast food
It's Saturday afternoon and you are downtown with your friends.You've been shopping all morning and you're hungry!But where are you going to eat?There's a good chance that you'll go to a fast food restaurant like Pizza Hut,Burger King or Wendy's.The biggest problem is choosing one because there are so many.
In the last thirty years fast food has become a major part of our diets.Fast food is cheap,easy to find and easy to eat.You can even eat a burger while you are driving.Try doing that with a bowl of spaghetti(意大利面条)!Families stop at Pizza Hut on the way home from a day trip.Young people meet at McDonald's for a burger at lunchtime.Busy office workers buy nice sandwiches at Subway(赛百味三明治店).It's so quick and easy.
But is fast food healthy?Richard Benton is a nutritionist and he says that fast food can be healthy food.“Most fast food restaurants have healthy choices like salads and thin chicken sandwiches,”he says.“Fast food is OK as long as you don't eat too much of it.”
People who do eat too much fast food can have health problems.In the United states,300 000 people a year die from illness related to obesity(肥胖症).Twenty percent of children in the United States are overweight.The problem has spread as Western fast food has become popular in countries like China,India and Japan.Five to ten percent of Chinese children are now overweight.
Also,some fast foods have a lot of fat and sugar.Some health experts believe that high-fat and high-sugar foods change children's behavior.A recent study in Japan found that badly behaved children ate more fast food than well-behaved children.
The good news is that fast food is changing.It is becoming healthier.Thai,Turkish(土耳其的),Japanese and Filipino fast food is becoming popular in the United States.You can have a quick snack in Elephant Jump(Thai),Jollibee(Filipino)or Yoshinoya(Japanese)if you don't want a pizza.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following:
Words:sweet,mushroom,fried,junk food,fat,snack,stomach,fever,salad,peach,ripe,ought,examine,plenty
Phrases:all the time,have a fever,be careful with,plenty of
Sentence Patterns:
(1)advise sb.(not)to do sth.
(2)There's something wrong with….
Everyday English:
Patient:I've got a pain here.This place hurts. There's something wrong with my back/my knee/my arm.I don't feel well.
Doctor:Lie down and let me examine you.Let me have a look.Where does it hurt?Drink plenty of water and get some rest.
2.Train the students' listening ability.
3.Develop the students' speaking ability by describing,talking and discussion.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Train the students' listening ability.
2.Master the new phrases,sentence patterns and everyday English and make the students be free to talk about their favourite food and give reasons for their decisions.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to improve the students' listening ability.
2.How to finish the task of speaking.
Teaching Methods:
1.Listening-and-answering activity to help the students go through with the listening material.
2.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a projector
3.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings and Lead-in
T:Hello,everyone.
Ss:Hello,teacher.
T:Sit down,please.Now the Spring Festival has just passed by.The new term has begun.Maybe all of you had a good time and got a lot of good things to eat and drink during the Spring Festival.Yes or no?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.But whether most of the food you eat is healthy food or not,do you know?
(Students may have different opinions.)
T:Maybe some of the food is junk food.Do you know what junk food means?(Bb:junk food and explain it)“junk food” means “垃圾食品” in Chinese.Today we're going to learn Unit 13 “Healthy eating”.(Bb:Unit 13 Healthy eating The First Period)“The First Period”.
Step Ⅱ. Warming-up
T:First let's look at some new words.
(Show the following on the screen.)

(Teacher teaches the words and explains them,then says the following.)
T:OK.Now open your books and turn to Page 1.Look at the eight pictures.Who can describe these pictures in English?
S1:I can see some hamburger and french fries in Picture 1.
S2:There are some boiled dumplings,noodles,rice and corn in Picture 2.
S3:In Picture 3 there are some vegetables,such as tomatoes,cabbages,carrots and cucumber.
S4:In Picture 4 we can see clay oven rolls,fried bread stick and some nuts,such as peanuts,chestnuts and walnuts.
S5:The fifth picture is the photos of oranges,bananas,apples,grapes and pears.
S6:The sixth picture is the photos of some chicken,fish,pork and beef.
……
T:OK.What you said is all correct.Now look at these pictures.Let's practise in pairs.One must tell your partner if it is junk food or healthy food.Of course,you'd better give reasons for your decisions.For example.Look at the seventh and third pictures,you can do it like this.I think that ice cream is junk food because it has a lot of fat and sugar.But I think that vegetables are good food because they contain lots of vitamins.Do you understand how to do it?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Please practise in pairs.
(Students begin to practise and teacher goes among them and helps them if nessary.After a while,teacher says the following.)
T:Stop here,please.Now look at the table on the screen.(Show the following on the screen.)Each of you takes out a sheet of paper.Make a list of the foods you often eat first.Then four persons are a group.One reads your list of foods,the others decide if what you eat is junk food or not.Is that clear?
Name Food Junk Food/Healthy Food
Breakfast(Snack)
Lunch
Dinner
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Please do it.
(Teacher goes among the students to check their writings and practice.)
Step Ⅲ. Listening
T:Now let's do some listening.Look at the listening part.Listen to what happened to Mike and then answer the questions below.It needs your listening carefully.Of course,you should write down some key words when you listen.At last I'll check he answers with the whole class.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:All right.Let's begin.
(Teacher plays the tape for the first time.Then play for the second time,during this time,teacher may pause for students to write down the information.Play some parts of the tape more times if necessary.Finally teacher checks the answers with the whole class.)
Step Ⅳ. Speaking
T:In our daily life,sometimes we may feel uncomfortable and go to see a doctor.Do you know how to talk with a doctor in English?Now look at the screen.These are very useful words and phrases.You should remember and use them freely.(Teacher and students go through with the following together.)(Show the following on the screen.)
Useful words and phrases
Patient I've got a pain here.
This place hurts.
There's something wrong with my back/my knee/my arm.
Doctor Lie down and let me examine you.
Let me have a look.
Where does it hurt?
Drink plenty of water and get some rest.
T:Now go back to the speaking part in the text.First look at the three given situations.
(Teacher asks three students to read aloud the situations one by one.One student,one situation.Then teacher says the following.)
T:Now close your books.Let's listen to a dialogue at the doctor's.Sharon is visiting a doctor,Dr Yang.Listen carefully,and try to remember some information.After that,I'll ask you two simple questions.
(Teacher plays the tape recorder,then asks the following questions.)
T:What was the matter with Sharon?
Ss:She has a pain.
T:Why does she have a pain?Do you know?
(Teacher goes up to a student.)
S:I'm sorry I'm not sure of the reason.Maybe she ate something bad.
T:Yes or no?
T and Ss:Yeah.Because she ate some fruit that wasn't ripe.
T:Now open your books.Please read the dialogue.If you have some difficulty in understanding the dialogue,you can ask me.
(Teacher goes round the class and helps the Ss understand some difficult sentences.After a while,teacher explains to the Ss some language points.)
T:Look at the screen.I explain some difficult language points now.
(Show the following on the screen and explain them.)
1.all the time:all the while
e.g. Mary went to college in her home town,and lived at home all the time.
2.have a fever
e.g. Yesterday evening he had a high fever and we took him to a hospital.
3.be careful with≠be careful of
e.g.You'd better be careful with your pronunciation.
The public was warned to be careful of rats.
4.in the future≠in future
e.g.Who can tell what the computer will be like in the future?
You'd better not go out alone in future.
5.advise sb. to do sth.
e.g.The doctor advised her to drink more water.
The doctor advises him not to eat chocolate any more.
(Bb:all the time,have a fever,be careful with,in the future,advise sb.(not)to do sth.)
Step Ⅴ. Practice
T:OK.Have you any questions?
Ss:No.
T:Well,if you have no questions,please practise in pairs.First choose one of these three situations and make a dialogue.Then act it out.After a while,I'll ask some pairs to perform before class.
Suggested answers:
Situation 1
A:What's the matter with you?
B:My left arm is broken.It really hurts.
A:Let me check your arm.Does it hurt when I press here?
B:Yeah,it hurts terribly.
A:You must be hospitalized right now and treated for a fracture of the bone.
B:Oh God!I really don't know what to do.
A:Cheer up,boy!You'll be all right soon.
B:Thanks.
Situation 2
A:What can I do for you,young man?
B:I cough all the time.I have a fever and a headache.
A:Open your mouth please,and show me your tongue.How long have you been like this?
B:Two days.Is that serious?
A:Well,it's nothing serious.Take this medicine three times a day.You'll be all right soon.
B:OK.Thank you.Goodbye!
Step Ⅵ. Summary and Homework
T:In this class we've done some listening and speaking.And we know which food we eat is healthy food and which food is junk food.Of course we've also learned some useful phrases.I hope you can master them after class(Teacher points to the blackboard)and preview the reading material“We are what we eat”.So much for today.Goodbye,everyone.
Ss:Goodbye,teacher.
Step Ⅶ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 13　Healthy eating
The First Period
all the time,have a fever,be careful with,in the future,advise sb.(not) to do sth.
Step Ⅷ. Record after Teaching
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The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn and master the following words and phrases:soft,bar,fuel,diet,calory,pace,bean,
fibre,mineral,disease,environmental,chemical,probably,balance,keep up with,too much,make choices,be harmful to,lose weight,be prepared for,go for
2.Improve the students' reading ability.
3.Enable the students to understand the best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits by learning the reading text.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the student's reading ability.
2.Master the following phrases:keep up with,too much,make choices,be harmful to,lose weight,be prepared for
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to make the students understand the reading material better and answer some questions on the passage.
Teaching Methods:
1.Discussion before reading to make students interested in what they will learn.
2.Discussion after reading to make students understand what they've learned better.
3.Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.
4.Careful reading to get the detailed information in the text.
Teaching Aids:
1.a recorder
2.a projector
3.the blackboard.
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ. Revision and Pre-reading
T:Yesterday we learned something about food.And we've known what food we eat is healthy food and what food is junk food.Who can give us an example?You try,please.(Teacher comes up to a student.)
S:Fruit,green,vegetables,fish,rice and so on,they are all healthy food.But cakes,ice cream,sweets,chocolate are junk food,I think.
(Teacher may ask more students and there will be many different answers.)
T:Yeah.All of your answers may be reasonable.So we'd better eat healthy food in our daily life,eat less or never to eat junk food.Now let's discuss some questions.Look at the screen.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.How many meals do you eat every day?Which meal do you think is the most important?Why?
2.How much water do you drink every day?
3.What kind of snacks do you eat?
4.Which of the following gives you the most energy:a banana,a soft drink,a bar of chocolate?
T:These questions are very common.Please discuss them in pairs.Then I'll collect your answers.
(Teacher goes among the students to listen to their discussion.Then choose several students to express their opinions.)
T:OK.Now I want some of you to talk about your own opinions….
Suggested answers:
1.Three meals.I think breakfast is the most important.Because the sleeping of the whole night has used up the energies in the body,besides people also need to work in the morning.Lunch is the most important.I think.Because in the morning people have to work and need energies.In the afternoon they need energies,too.
2.Three bowls/cups of water.
Three litres of water.
3.clay oven rolls/fried bread stick/soybean milk/wonton and noodles/smelly tofu….
4.a bar of chocolate
Step Ⅲ. Reading
T:Yeah,in order to live we need food and water in our daily life.And with the development of science,choosing what to eat and drink is no longer as easy as it once was.Because stores offer all kinds of foods and snacks and we have to make many choices.Is that right?
Ss:Yes.
T:I know all of you study hard at school.But I want you to answer such a question:Do you study hard for a big test and then fail it,but you don't know why?
Ss:Yes.Sometimes.
T:OK.Maybe you think you are not as smart as everyone else.In fact,it may not be that you're less clever than everyone else is,but maybe it's what you're eating.Scientist have found that you are what you eat and what you eat can change how you learn.Today we are going to learn a passage“We are what we eat.”First let's learn the new words.
(Show the new words on the screen and then explain them.)
T:Open your books.Look at the text,“We're what we eat.”You are given four minutes to read the passage quickly and silently.Try to remember the general idea.Then answer the question:What's the best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine?Please begin.
(Students begin to read the text and after four minutes,teacher checks the answer.)
T:Time is up.Who wants to answer the question?Any volunteers?
Ss:(A student stands up.)The best way is to develop healthy eating habits.
T:Very good,what you said is right.Sit down,please.In fact,there are some new phrases in this reading material.They are very important and useful.Look at the screen.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.too much(+n.≠much too(+adj.)
e.g. Too much snow can cause trouble.
He was often ill because he ate and drank too much.
She's afraid the trip will be too much for me.
This book is much too difficult for him.
The old man walks much too slowly.
2.keep up with≠catch up with
e.g. Tom was not good at maths and he couldn't keep up with the rest of the class.
Jack was away from school for a month so now he's got to work hard to catch up with his classmates.
3.make a choice/make choices
e.g.You can make a careful choice.
Did she regret the choice she had made?
4.The polluted air is harmful to our health.
5.What I have said about him goes for you,too.
6.lose weight
put on weight
e.g.The advice he gave the fat lady is to lose some weight.
During this month of hard work，many of us have lost weight.
She told me that she was putting on weight.
7.be prepared for= be ready for
e.g.Little Franz was not prepared for the master's question.
It is going to rain.It doesn't matter;he was prepared for it.
Is he ready for the exams?
(Bb:too much≠much too,keep up with≠catch up with,make a choice/make choices,be harmful to,lose weight put on weight,go for be prepared for=be ready for)
T:OK.Now please read the reading material again.This time you may read slowly.Pay attention to some detailed information,then answer the following questions on the screen.
(Show the questionnaire on the screen.Teacher goes among the students and explains some problems which students may meet with.After four or five minutes,teacher deals with the questions with the whole class.)
A Questionnaire
1.What does the word“green”mean in the text above?What about the word “fuel”?Can you find any other words used in the same way?
2.The text gives examples of how people make choices about what they eat.List the examples and the reasons why people eat or don't eat certain kinds of food.
3.How have our eating habits changed?Why?Try to think of as many examples and reasons as possible.
4.Why do people go to fast food restaurants?
5.Why is it not good for you to eat too much sugar or fat?
6.Why are crash diets and supplements so popular?
7.What can we do to keep a balanced diet?
Suggested answers:
1.Here“green”means “unpolluted,unharmful and good for people's health”.There are some other words used in the same way,such as nutrients,carbohydrates,energy.
Here“fuel”means“all the things we eat for our bodies”.It can help keep our body functioning and fighting disease.There are some other words used in the same way,such as eco-foods,organic vegetables.
2.Many people today make choices about their eating habits based on what they believe.Some people are vegetarians,because they believe it is healthier not to eat meat or because they do not think we should kill animals for food.Some people are vegans,because they will not eat any animal products at all,not even milk or eggs.Others make choices based on how the products are grown or made.For example,they would like to eat eco-foods which are made by using green and clean ways or organic vegetables which are grown without chemicals.
3.Our eating habits have changed a lot in the past several decades.People have experienced the processes from having no enough food to having enough food,and later from having enough food to having better food.Now people buy and eat something,we not only think about if the food will give us the nutrients we need,but also if the food belongs to eco-foods.
4.Because it is very convenient for people to go to fast food restaurants.So it can save time for people to work.
5.Because if people eat too much sugar and fat,they put on weight very easily and some of them may have bad teeth.
6.Because people want to be smarter,healthier,in particular,young people want to be more beautiful.Crash diets and supplements go with the need of the times.
7.Maybe if we buy and eat good and nutrient foods from all the food groups in the right amounts,and eat less fat and sugar and take more exercise,we can keep a balanced diet.
T:OK.Your answers are all reasonable.In fact,we'd better pay attention to keeping a balanced diet in our daily life.In other words,we should develop healthy eating habits,so that we can keep up with the high pace of modern life.
Step Ⅳ. Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've read a passage about “We are what we eat”.We've learned a lot from it and we know developing healthy eating habits is very important.At the same time we've also learned some useful phrases.After class,read the passage again and again until you can recite some sentences.What's more,don't forget to preview“word study and grammar”in the next period.Well,that's all for today.Class is over.
Step Ⅴ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 13　Healthy eating
The Second Period
too much≠much too
keep up with≠catch up with
make a choice/make choices
be harmful to,go for
lose weightput on weight
be prepared for=be ready for
Step Ⅵ. Record after Teaching
_____________________________________
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The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Review the words learned in the last two periods.
2.Learn and master modal verbs:had better,should,ought to
Teaching Important Points:
1.How to guess the missing word according to the given sentence.
2.Let the students learn how to give advice or opinion about something,especially master how to use“should,ought to,had better and their negative forms”to give advice.
Teaching Difficult Points:
How to correctly use“should,ought to,had better and their negative forms”to give advice.
Teaching Methods:
1.Review method to consolidate the words learned in the last period.
2.Explanation method to make the students master how to use“should(not),ought(not)to,had better(not)”correctly.
3.Individual,pair work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ. Word Study
T:In the last two periods,we have learned something about diets.As we all know,we'd better eat healthy food,eat less or junk food,and we should develop healthy eating habits.Only in this way can we keep up with the high pace of modern life.Of course,we have also learned some important words and phrases.Now let's review them.Open your books.Let's look at Word Study in this unit.You are given five minutes to find the words that fit the following descriptions.Read first,then fill in it according to the meaning of each sentence.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.First do it by yourself.Then discuss them in pairs.After a while,I'll ask some students to read the words.
(Teacher goes among the students and the students begin to do it.After a while,teacher checks their answers.)
Suggested answers:
1.nutrient 2.diet 3.vitamin
4.mineral 5.fat　6.sugar
7.protein 8.calory
Step Ⅲ. Grammar
T:Now I want you to translate several Chinese sentences into English.Look at the screen.(Show the following on the screen.)
1.外面很冷，你最好穿上你的大衣。
2.你最好别脱去你的大衣。
3.我们应该尊敬老师与父母。
4.你不应该这么粗心。
T:Now how to translate these sentences?Who wants to try?Any volunteers?Yeah,Zhang Yi,you try,please.The first one.
S:It's very cold outside.You had better put on your coat.
T:Good,sit down,please.(At the same time,teacher writes the sentence on the blackboard.)the second,you,please.
S:I'm sorry I can't.
T:Oh,sit down.Peter,you try,please.
S:You had better not take off your coat.(Bb:You had better not take off your coat.)
T:OK.Now look at the third and the fourth sentences.
(Bb:3.We should/ought to respect our teachers and parents.
4.You shouldn't/ought not to be so careless.)
T:Now look at the blackboard.In our daily life,we often give advice or our opinion about something.Even we're trying to advise someone to do or not to do something.In such an condition,we'll use the Modal Verbs“had better,should/ought to”.Of course,you should also pay attention to their negative forms.“Not”should be put behind“better”and“should”or“ought”.This point is very important.
(Teacher underlines“had better,had better not,should,shouldn't,ought to,ought not to”as he speaks.)
T:Now let's go back to the textbook.Look at the grammar:Modal Verbs—had better,should,ought to.
(Teacher begins to deal with it with the whole class,then with part 1.)
Step Ⅳ. Practice
T:Look at part one.The doctor is giving advice.Complete the following sentences,using “should,ought to,had better or their negative forms to give advice.”You're given four minutes to do them.First do them by yourself.Then read to each other.At last I'll ask some students to read your advice.
(Teacher goes among the students to check their filling,then picks out some typical advice and lets some students read them to the whole class.)
Suggested advice:
1.You have a bit of a fever.You had better drink more water and have a good rest.
2.You shouldn't smoke any more if you want to be healthy.
3.If you are sick,you ought to go to see a doctor at once.
4.You'd better not eat it if it is not ripe.
5.You don't look well.You should let me make a careful examination for you.
6.You have a bad cough.You oughtn't to go on working.You should have a good rest.
7.This medicine will make you sleepy.You should take one pill now and one more in four hours' time.
8.There's nothing serious with your knee,but you'd better take some medicine and have a rest.
T:OK.We all know that most newspapers have an Advice Column.People can write and ask for advice about their problems.Have you read such letters asking for advice?
Ss:Yes/No.
T:Here is a letter.Please read it.
(Show the following letter on the screen.)
Dear Marty,
I've got a problem and as I don't know what to do I thought I'd write to you and ask for your advice.
I've been working at a meat factory for about two months now.It's a part-time job,so I only work in the evening.I've recently noticed that one of my workmates is stealing.From time to time,I notice that he puts a piece of meat down his trousers just before he leaves the factory.Now the manager has found that things are missing.He says that all this happened after I started work.
What should I do?Please tell me how I can solve this problem.I'd like to hear your advice.
Best wishes,
John
(After two minutes,teacher says the following.)
T:OK.Now stop here,please.Do you know how to solve the problem?Of course,different people have different ideas.Here are some advice.Let's look at them together.
(Show the following on the screen.Teacher begins to deal with them with the students.)
John should tell that workmate he knows what he is doing.
John ought to go to the manager and tell him who is stealing meat.
John shouldn't wait any longer.He should have reported that workmate to the manager as soon as he found out the workmate was stealing.
Jonh had better check his bag every evening before going home.Because that man is a clever thief and he might put some meat in John's bag,hoping John will be caught and called a thief.
(After that teacher says the following.)
T:Now let's go back to the text.Look at part 2.You're given several minutes to read these letters.After that write down four pieces of advice for each letter.Of course,you'd better use“should(not),ought(not)to,had better(not).”First do them by yourself.Then you can check each other.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Please do them.
(Teacher goes among the students,then picks out several students to read aloud their advice for each letter.)
Step Ⅴ. Summary and Homework
T:OK.In this class,we've reviewed the new words we learned.In particular,we have learned the usage of modal verbs—had better,should,ought to and their negative forms.After class,do more exercises to master them.Time is up.That's all for today.See you next time.
Step Ⅵ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 13　Healthy eating
The Third Period
1.It's very cold outside.You had better put on your coat.
2.You had better not take off your coat.
3.We should/ought to respect our teachers and parents.
4.You shouldn't/ought not to be so careless.
Step Ⅶ. Record after Teaching
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The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Review the useful expressions learnt in this unit by making sentences with them.
2.Review how to use some Modal verbs to give advice or opinion about something.
3.Let students know how to write recipes for their favourite dishes by reading“SNACKS”and two examples of recipes.
Teaching Important Points:
1.How to master Modal verbs—had better(not),should(not),ought(not)to.
2.How to let the students understand the text“SNACKS”better and learn to write a recipe.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to improve the students' integrating skills.
Teaching Methods:
1.Asking-and-answering activity to go through the reading material.
2.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector　2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ. Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
Step Ⅱ. Revision
T:Yesterday we learned the grammar—Modal verbs:had better,should,ought to and their negative forms.We know we can use them if we give advice or opinion about something.And we also know“had better”is less strong than“should”or“ought to”.Now let's do some exercises to see if you have mastered them.Look at the screen.
(Show the following on the screen.)
Translate the following into English.
1.你最好休息。
2.你最好不要吃不熟的水果。
3.对水果你应该认真些。
4.你不应该吃那么多垃圾食品。
5.你应该更努力地学习，取得更大的成绩。
T:You are given five minutes to translate them.Then I'll ask some of you to read your translation.
Suggested answers:
1.You had better get some rest.
2.You had better not eat fruit that isn't ripe.
3.You should/ought to be careful with fruit.
4.You should not/ought not to eat so much junk food.
5.You should study harder and make greater progress.
Step Ⅲ. Test
T:Yeah.In this unit we have also learned some useful expressions.Maybe you still remember them.Yeah?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Now let's review them together.I speak Chinese,you speak English.
(Teacher writes the following on the Bb when students say them.)
all the time,in the future,plenty of,advise sb. to do sth.,too much,keep up with,be harmful to,go for,lose weight,be prepared for,be short of,have a fever
T:Now let's have a test to see whether you've mastered them or not.Take out a piece of paper.Write the answers on it and then hand it in.Look at the screen,please.
Complete the sentences using the expressions on the blackboard.
1.What he said about you__________(对我也适用).
2.What do you want__________(将来做个什么样的人)？
3.She was laughing__________(一直)just now.
4.His parents__________(劝他不要再吃)chocolate any more.
5.During this month of hard work,many of us__________(降低了体重).
6.There are__________(许多书)on the shelf.
7.He was often ill because he__________(饮食过量).
8.Jack was not good at maths and he__________(跟不上)the rest of the class.
9.Smoking can__________(对……有害)your health.
10.Yesterday evening he__________(发高烧)and was sent to hospital.
11.It's going to rain.It doesn't matter;he__________(已有准备)it.
12.I__________(这周钱不够开支);can you lend me some?
Suggested answers:
1.goes for me too
2.to be in the future
3.all the time
4.advise him not to eat
5.have lost weight
6.plenty of books
7.ate and drank too much
8.couldn't keep up with
9.be harmful to
10.had a high fever
11.was prepared for
12.am short of money
Step Ⅳ. Pre-reading
T:OK.As we all know,people have to have food in order to live.In our country,corn and wheat are the main crops in the north,while rice is the main food in the south.In western countries,bread is very important.Bread to western is just like rice to Chinese in the south.It is westerners' most widely eaten food and is often called “the staff of life”.But in actual life,snacks are also very important for chinese and foreigners.Do you often eat snacks?
Ss:No,sometimes.
T:Do you know what snacks are good and how to prepare a delicious snack?
Ss:No.
T:Yeah,today we'll learn a passage about snacks.Let's learn the new words and phrases.
(Show the following on the screen and explain them to the students.)

Step Ⅴ. Reading
T:Now open your books on page 6.Look at reading and writing.Now you are given four minutes to read the three passages.Then answer some questions.
(Students begin to read.After a while,teacher checks their comprehension.)
T:OK.Now from the text we know even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals,we still need to refud now and then.Who knows by what we can give our body and brain more energy?
S1:(One student stands up)I know.We can give our body and brain more energy by eating snacks.
T:Yeah.Sit down,please.What snacks are good?Can you give us an example?(Teacher comes up to another student.)
S2:Good snacks should not have too much fat or sugar.Fruits and vegetables are best snacks.Because they can give our body and brain much energy and much vitamins.
T:Very good.Sit down,please.Attention,please.Another question:Is it difficult to prepare a delicious snack,then?
Ss:No.Snacks are usually easy to make.
T:Is there any good for us to make a snack?
S3:(Another student stands up.)Yes,it can give us a chance to practise our cooking skills.
Step Ⅵ. Writing
T:OK.You are right.The text also shows us two recipes.We've known the ingredients of shaomai and Chicken Rooll-ups and how to do them.Now please write alone the recipe for your favourite dish or fast food,then you can exchange to check your writing in pairs.I'll collect your papers in eight minutes.Of course,when you write the recipe,you need to explain what ingredients will be needed and how they will be used.You must also be careful to explain each step carefully and in the right order.Are you clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Please do it.
Suggested recipe:
A Recipe of Wonton
Wonton Ingredients:Pork,Chinese Chives,Salt,Gourmet Powder,Wonton skins.Cut the pork and Chinese Chives into pieces.Mix the pork and Chinese Chives in a bowl.Put half a spoonful of salt and a little gourmet powder into the bowl and stir them with chopsticks.Fill and fold the skins.Boil Wonton in boiling water for 3 or 4 minutes.
Step Ⅶ. Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've reviewed the useful expressions and the modal verbs in this unit.And we've also learned something about snacks and recipes.We practise how to write a recipe.After class,go over all the important points learned in this unit and try to write more recipes.Prepare for next unit.Class is over.
Step Ⅷ. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 13　Healthy eating
The Fourth Period
all the time,in the future,plenty of,advise sb. to do sth.,too much,keep up with,be harmful to,go for,lose weight,be prepared for,be short of,have a fever
Step Ⅸ. Record after Teaching
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Reference for Teaching
一、异域风情
1.Change your diet for the better
If we could eat anything we want and never get fat,that would be great.The problem is we can't.Uncontrolled eating can lead to weight gain and cause problems.To live a healthier life,we must eat low-fat food and increase the amount of fruit and vegetables in our diets.These diet changes are easy to make and are most rewarding.
Dieting doesn't mean we have to stop eating.We just need to change our choices.Substituting chicken breast for fatty meats like beef and pork can do wonders for our health.Chicken is full of protein and has much less fat.Eating lots of fruit and vegetables cleans our bodies of bad chemicals that cause cancer.So,eating a mango a day is good for us.We just can't eat ten a day,or all that sugar will turn into fat in our bodies.These small changes can make a great difference and help us to develop a healthy life style.
2.Food culture
Over centuries of independent development,various cultures of the world have created radically different diets.What is standard or taken for granted in one area may be considered unhealthy or even decadent in another.Many times the history and geography of a particular place,as well as the native plant and animal life,are thought to have played a major role in the development of diet.
One example of a historical influence is the Japanese diet in which meat is traditionally considered unclean.This is attributed to the influence of Buddhism and proved itself in hundreds of years of dependence on fish and bean curd as sources of protein.Incidentally,it is now known that this type of diet is beneficial to cardiovascular health.
As for the geographical influence on diet,the cuisines of southern China that depend on stirfrying are said to have developed because of a lack of fuel.Due to geographical environment,only quickburning fuels such as small tinder were available.This made slower cooking processes such as baking unfeasible.
Finally,the most obvious influence on diet is the native plants and animals in any given place.Although in modern times,non-native foods have been made available to us,historically this was impossible.If corn was available,you ate corn;if fish was plentiful,you ate fish.
Now that you have begun thinking about the diversity of diets around the world,do you have any new insights into the standard dirt of your native land?And aren't you more curious about trying foreign dishes?
二、知识归纳
(一)中西餐常见名称归纳
1.中国快餐(Chinese fast food)
烧饼　Clay oven rolls
油条　Fried bread stick
水饺　Boiled dumplings
馒头　Steamed buns
皮蛋　1000-year egg
咸鸭蛋　Salted duck egg
豆浆　Soybean milk
稀饭　Rice porridge
蛋炒饭　Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥　Sweet potato congee
馄饨面　Wonton and noodles
刀削面　Sliced noodles
麻辣面　Spicy hot noodles
乌龙面　Seafood noodles
米粉　Rice noodles
糖葫芦　Tomatoes on sticks
麻花　Hemp flowers
臭豆腐　Smelly tofu
油豆腐　Oily bean curd
蛋卷　Chicken rolls
绿豆糕　Bean paste cake
肉丸　Rice-meat dumplings
饭团　rice and vegetable roll
白饭　Plain white rice
糯米饭　Glutinous rice
板条　Flat noodles
榨菜肉丝面　Pork,pickled mustard green noodles
虾球　Shrimp balls
春卷　Spring rolls
火锅　Hot pot
紫菜汤　Seaweed soup
牡蛎汤　Oyster soup
蛋花汤　Egg and vegetable soup
鱼丸汤　Fish ball soup
2.西餐(Western food)
McDonald　麦当劳
Hot dog　热狗
Pizza　比萨(意大利烘馅饼)
Sandwich　三明治
Sausage　香肠
Ketchup　番茄酱
Doughnut　面包圈
Hamburger　汉堡包
Milk shake　奶昔
Salad　沙拉(凉拌菜)
Fish pie　鱼馅饼
Roast beef　烤牛肉
Steak　牛排
Crackers　咸饼干
Mashed potato　土豆泥
Cheese　乳酪
Pork chop　猪排
Chocolate pudding　巧克力布丁
(二)advise常见用法归纳
advise v. “劝告、建议、忠告”，高考常考词汇之一，其主要用法如下：
1.advise+n.
e.g.They advise a visit to the park.
他们建议去参观公园。
The doctor advises a complete rest.
大夫建议完全休息。
2.advise+sb.+inf
e.g.I advise him to give up smoking,but he wouldn't.
我劝他把烟戒了，但他不肯。
We advised her not to do so.
我们建议她不要这样做。
3.advise +sb.+interrogative+infinitive phrase
e.g.He advised her how to deal with family problems.
他建议她该怎样处理家庭纠纷。
4.advise+clause
e.g.I advise that you(should)do it right away.
我建议你马上做这件事。
Please advise me whether I(should)accept the idea.
请告诉我是否应该接受这个主张。
5.advise+v-ing
e.g. I advised writing an article after visiting the exhibition.
我建议在参观展览后写一篇观后感。
6.advise on sth./advise sb.on sth.
e.g.He often advises on this project.
他经常就此项工程提出建议。
They advised us on our work.
他们就我们的工作给我们提出了建议。
7.advise sb. against doing sth.
e.g.The teacher advised the student against dropping out of school.=The teacher advised the student not to drop out of school.
老师劝那个学生不要退学。
三、词语辨析
1.pain,ache,hurt
三词都可表示“疼痛”，但pain常作名词，有时也作动词，可指一般的疼痛。ache常作动词，指局部较持久的疼痛，是隐痛，作名词常出现在复合词中。hurt只作动词，常指精神、感情伤害，也指肉体上疼痛。如：
I have pains(a pain/pain)in the arm.
我手臂痛。
His head aches when the weather is hot.
天气一热，他就头疼。
I was hurt at his words.
我对他的话感到不快。
Does your leg still hurt?
你的腿还疼吗？
2.a bit,a little
(1)a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级，可以换用。表示“一点儿”。如：
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.
演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。
(2)a bit 和a little在否定句中，意思正好相反。
not a bit=not at all.
not a little=very much.
e.g.I'm not a bit tired.
我一点也不累。
I'm not a little tired.
我非常累。
(3)a little可直接作名词的定语，而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语，二者都只能修饰不可数名词。如：
There's only a little/a bit of food left for lunch.
午餐只剩一点儿食品了。
注意：a bit of的复数是bits of，而a little不能变复数。
3.in future,in the future,for the future
(1)in future=from now on“从今以后”，指从说话时开始的全部将来时间。
e.g.Be more careful in future.
今后要多加小心。
You'd better not go out alone in future.
你今后最好不要单独出去。
Don't make such mistakes again in future.
今后这样的错误不应再出现。
(2)in the future“将来、未来”指将来的某一时间。
e.g.No one knows what will happen in the future.
谁也不知道将来会发生什么事情。
What do you want to be in the future?
你将来做个什么样的人？
(3)for the future意为“为将来”。
e.g.We must make a plan for the future.
我们得为未来制定一个计划。
4.too much,much too
(1)too much“太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。
e.g.There is too much rain here in spring.
春天这里的雨水太多。
She talked too much at the meeting.
她在会上讲得太多了。
(2)much too“简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。
e.g.This book is much too difficult for me.
这本书对于我来说简直太难了。
The old man walks much too slowly.
那位老人走得非常慢。
四、能力训练
(一)根据句中所给汉语完成下列各句，每空一词。
1.I advised her __________ __________ __________ __________it __________ __________(别再想那件事了).
答案：not to think about;any more
2.__________(一旦)you've got fat,it's very hard to__________ __________(减肥).
答案：Once;lose weight
3.You __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________(今后更加小心).
答案:should be more careful in future
4.Ice cream is__________ __________(垃圾食品)because it has a lot of __________ __________ __________(脂肪和糖),while vegetables are good food because they__________ __________ __________ __________(含有许多维生素).
答案：junk food;fat and sugar;contain lots of vitamins
5.Even if we choose__________ __________(营养食物)for our main meals,we probably still need to__________ __________ __________ __________(不时地补充能量).
答案：nutritious food;refuel now and then
(二)易错题练习
1.You must be strict with yourself__________.
A.in the past B.in the future
C.ever since now D.in future
简析：选D。因in future意为“今后”，相当于from now on,in the future意为“将来、未来”。
2.In your homework exercise you made__________twenty spelling mistakes.
A.plenty of B.as many as
C.so many as D.a lot of
简析：选B。如题中无twenty，则选A、D。
3.She was not__________frightened;in fact,she was nearly frightened to death.
A.a bit B.at all
C.a little D.much
简析：选C。因在肯定句中，a bit,a little都有“有点”之意，而在否定句中意义完全相反，not a bit=not at all“一点也不”，not a little相当于very,“很、非常”的意思。
4.There was__________snow on the ground,if you go__________fast,you will fall over.
A.too much;too much B.much too;much too
C.too much;much too D.much too;too much
简析：选C。因too much“太多”，much too“过于”，后常接形容词、副词。
5.This book__________a lot of important information.
A.contains B.considers
C.suggests D.advises
简析：选A。因contain“包含”，consider“认为”，suggest“建议、暗示”，advise“建议、忠告”。
五、高考真题
1.(NMET 2000)—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure.I__________go to the concent instead.
A.must B.would
C.should D.might
简析：选D。从前面答语I'm not sure(我不敢肯定)，可知是否参加Jeff's party当属未知，故选might(可能)。
2.(NMET 2002)We thought of selling this old furniture,but we've decided to__________it.It might be valuable.
A.hold on to B.keep up with
C.turn to D.look after
简析：选A。因keep up with“跟上、不落后”和turn to“翻开，求助于”与原文意思不符。look after的宾语往往是人、动物、特点的物品，用在此也不合适。hold on to意为“坚持、抓住不放”，正好吻合题意。
3.(NMET 2003北京春)—You don't look very__________.Are you ill?
—No,I'm just a bit tired.
A.good B.well
C.strong D.healthy
简析：选B。因语境指的是“身体好”——你看起来身体不大好，病了吗？不，只是有点累。well作形容词讲，只能指“身体好”，good不能指身体，healthy“健康的”。
4.(NMET 2003)Allen had to call a taxi because the box was__________to carry all the way home.
A.much too heavy B.too much heavy
C.heavy too much D.too heavy much
简析：选A。因too much“太多”后接不可数名词，much too“过于”后接形容词。本题原因状语从句使用了too…to结构：因为箱子太重，不能一路搬着回家。
5.(NMET 2003)A left-luggage office is a place where bags__________be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.
A.should B.can
C.must D.will
简析：选B。从句意可知答案“行李寄存处是一个包能寄存不长时间的地方，尤其在火车站”。

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