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中学英语教学资源网 → 英语教案 → 教学设计 手机版 | ||||
目标导引 1.单元词汇及短语 fall asleep, spend, on their way to school, seem like ,would rather not, cost take up ,a bit ,come up with ,call on, because of ,after all,dress ,wear, marry, besides ,pay back ,after 2.单元句型 ①It seems like today is going to be just another normal day. ②But I don’t think I know you. 3.单元语法 Direct and indirect Speech 核心知识 重点词汇及短语 (1)fall asleep fall:半系动词 asleep形容词 fall 后常接形容词或短语或过去分词。 eg. ①His house fell lame.他的房子要倒了。 ②He fell silent.他变得安静了。 我们把fall 称作半系动词,半系动词有以下一些共性: 1)成分后可接adj.或n.也可接v+过去分词; 2)无被动语态; 3)无进行时; 这系列的动词有: 感观类 appear become look feel sound seem taste smell. 保持或继续 remain continue stand lie sit exist run. 变得,成为 go turn grow become等 试题: ①The apple better than it . A.is tasted; is looked B.tastes; looks C.tastes; is looked D.is tasted; looks 答案 B ② at his wife, he worried. A.looking; looks B.looks; looks C.looked; looks D.looking; is looked 答案 A (2)spend vt.花费,消费 常见结构spend some time(money)in doing sth. spend some time (money) on sth. 在(干)某事上花(钱)时间 如:每天晚上我花个小时做家庭作业。 eg. Every night I spend three hours in doing my homework.(doing sth.) Every night I spend three hours on my homework (sth.) 另外,It takes sb. some time(money)to do sth. 也可表此意,所以上述例句也可表达为It takes me three hours to do my homework. 上述3个例句都可译为“花了我3个小时才完成我的家庭作业”。 (3)on one’s way 副词 / to +名 改错I an on my way to home.(误,应把to 去掉,因home是副词) 与way有关的短语 1)out of way 奇特的、不寻常的 2)by the way ①顺便说一声②在途中、顺路 3)on the (one’s )way 在路上、在途中 4)mend one’s way 改善自己的举止行为方式 5)in no way 决不 6)any way 在任何情况下 7)by way of途经、取道,以…作为方式 (4)cost v. cost-cost-cost价值若干(花多少钱) 特点①用物作主语②无被动语态 常见结构: 1)It costs sb.+ money/time(to do sth.) 花费…钱、时间(干某事) eg. ①It costs too much.它花费太高。 ②It costs us 1000 yuan to run a car a year. 一年我们要花1000元在车子上。 2)丧失、牺牲 eg. Careless driving may cost you your life. 粗心可能会让你丧命。 *cost 与 pay 区别 cost常用物作主语,pay常用人作主语 3)cost作名词,表成本价钱费用 试题:It Tom as long as 2 years to carry on his research. A.costs B.pays C. was cost D.use 答案 A (5)take up 1)lift up, raise拿起、举起、抬起、收起 take up one’s pen(gun……) 拿起笔、枪…… 2)火车、讲程车等停下来接纳旅客 3)absorb吸收take up ink 4)对…有兴趣,从呈某事take up photography/market 与take有关的短语 take hold of 抓住、占领、获得 take one’s chance碰运气,接受可能发生或来临的事 take after sb.在相貌或性格方面像某人 eg.Your daughter does not take after you. 你的女儿像你。 take sth. apart把某物分解或其组成部分。 take sth./ sb. away from sb./sth.把某物、人从某物(人)身边拿走。 take sth. down记录 eg.The reporters took down the speech. 会议记录员记录这个讲话。 (6)come up with come up with与…并行、赶上,相当于catch up with eg.We came up with a party of hikers. 我们赶上一群徒步旅行者。 (7)because of 引导的介词短语,在句中通常作状语。 eg. ①He did not come because of the rain(because it rained). 他因为下雨没有事。 ②He cried because of the pain in his arm. 他因为手臂痛而哭了。 试题:改错 He dropped the pan because the burning oil. 改:because后加of , because是连词后引导原因状语从句。而because of 是介词词组,只能加名词、代词或动词 ing. (8)dress 1)作名词,礼服,指礼仪、应酬等特殊场合下穿着的正式服装。 an evening dress晚礼服 a full dress大礼服 2)作可数名词,指妇女的长连衣裙,妇女的上装是coat 或jacket. 3)dress作不可数名词服装解,是男女服装的总称尤指外衣。 eg. ①He doesn’t care much about dress. 他对衣服不介意。 ②In this old play the actors wear the dress of 200 years ago. 在老戏里面,演员们穿着200年前的衣服。 dress vt.给…穿衣服,常用dress sb.oneself dress sb.给别人穿衣服 dress oneself 给自己穿衣服 eg. ①How long does it take you to dress yourself?你给自己穿衣服花了多长时间? ②Last night I dressed my little girl. 昨晚我给我的小女孩穿衣服。 表示“某人穿着…衣服”常用be dressed in +颜色、衣服=be wearing in eg.He was dressed in a blue suit. 他穿着蓝色的西装 短语dress up(为演戏参加化装舞会)着特殊服装 dress sb.down严斥某人、打某人 (9)besides ,except ,but 比较 1)besides 除…之外,还有 except, but 除了…之外,就没有,常和all ,everything, everybody ,nothing连用 eg. ①I have some other friends besides you and your family. 除了你和你的家人之外,我还有其他一些朋友。 ②I have few friends except(but)you. 除了你这外,我几乎没有朋友。 2)另外,except, but 后可接名词、代词,还可接to的不定式。但but, except前句中有do的任何形式时,不定式to可以省略。 eg. ①They have no choice but to keep silent. 除了保持安静,我们别无选择。 ②We can do nothing but help him. 除了帮助他之外,我们什么事也不能干。 3)except后可以加that 或 when等引起的从句,besides不可以。 eg. ①I don’t know anything about the accident except that it happened during the night. 善于那个事故,我除了知道它在晚上发生之外,一无所知。 ②I go to work on foot except when it rains. 除非下雨,我每天上班。 except for 对一个人或一个事物先作整体评价,然后就局部提出一点看法。除去…部分,总体怎么样。 eg. He is a good father except for bad temper. 除了坏脾气,他还算一位好父亲。 (10)after all毕竟 别忘了 虽然这样 终究 eg. ①The boy is naughty after all he is only ten. 这孩子顽皮,毕竟他才10岁。 ②I am sorry. I can’t come after all. 对不起,我终究还是不能来。 类似短语有: in all 总共 all along 一直始终 above all 首先最重要的是 at all 根本,全然 not at all一点也不 first of all首先,第一 (11)pay back归还,偿还,报复 eg.After all these years we’ve at last paid back all the money. 在这么多年后,我们最后还清了所有债务。类似短语:pay for 付款,偿还,得到报应,吃亏 pay off付清(债务、贷款) pay out付出 eg. ①This was paid back in full in the following years. ②To pay a person back in his own coin. 以其人之道还 其人之身。 ③Three years later, he paid off all his house debts. 三年之后,他还清了所有房子债务。 ④We paid out 200 yuan that month. 那月我们付了200元。 (12)worth, worthy, worthwhile的用法及区别 1)worth常用主动表被动含义,常用句型为主语+ be + worth+ doing 2)worthy后接of 短语或不定式主语+be +worthy + being done. 主语+ be +worthy +to be done. 3)worthwhile作表语时,常用it作形式主语,常用句型为: It is/was + worthwhile to do/doing. 这本书值得读。 =The book is worthy of being read. =it is worthwhile to read the book. =It is worthwhile reading the book. 表“很值得”,常用well修饰。 eg.The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。 (13)She married a man with a lot of money. 她嫁给一个很有钱的男人。 sb. be/get married(to sb.) marry vt. 嫁娶; 与…结婚, 【注】get married to 不与一段时间状语连用。marry sb.与…结婚,marry sb. to sb.把…嫁给 试题: 改错:Alice married with a Japanese.(with 去掉marry 为vt.可直接带宾语) eg. ①正Are you married? ②误Have you married? ③正It is five years since they married. ④ 正They married five years ago. 同义词辨析 1.each other,one another 两者都用来表示“相互”的意思,在现代英语中没有区别,可以换用,但有时也可进行细微的区分:each other 一般指两者之间相互,而one another 一般指三者或三者以上的相互。如: You should help each other/one another. 你们应该互相帮助。 Mark and Jack are good friends. They often help each other. 马克和杰克是好朋友。他们经常互相帮助。 2、have been to, have gone to (1)have been to:“去过(某地),”表示曾经去过,但现在已经回来了。如: Have you ever been to that park? 你去过那个公园吗? Yes, I have been there.是的,我去过。 I was looking for you, where have you been?我一直在找你,你上哪儿去了? I’ve been to the library.我到图书馆去了。 Miss Li teaches us English ; she has been to Britain.李小姐教我们英语,她去过美国。 (2)have gong to:“去了(某地)”,表示已经去了,但还没有回来。如: Where is Mary ? 玛丽到哪儿去了? She has gone to the library. She won’t be back until 12 o’clock.她到图书馆去了。12点以前她是不会回来的。 Is Jack in ?杰克在家吗? No , he is out . He has gone to the doctor’s .不,他不在家。他去看病了。 3.hope , wish 和expect (1)三者都可表示“希望”,“愿望”,“期望”。后接动词不定式。如: I hope / wish / expect to see you soon.我希望很快见到你。 (2)wish , expect 后可接不定式作宾补,hope不能接不定式作宾补。如: I expect / wish you to come . 我希望你来。 (3)wish 后可接双宾语,hope , expect 后不可接双宾语。如: Wish you success !祝你成功! I wish you a happy New Year ! 祝你新年快乐! (4)wish , hope , expect 都可接从句,wish 后接从句表示愿望,用虚拟语气。hope , expect后接从句用陈述语气。如: I wish I were a bird . 我希望我是只鸟。 I wish that I had bought the novel yesterday . 真希望我昨天买了那本书。 I hope he will come tomorrow . 我希望他明天来。 I expect that it will be all right . 我希望事情顺利。 4、because , because of (1)because 为连词,引导原因状语从句。注意不能与so 同时使用。如: He is absent because he is ill . 因为他有病,所以他缺席了。 Because he did not catch the last bus , he had to walk home . 因为没有赶上末班车,他不得不走回家。 (2)because of 是介词词组,后接名词或动名词,构成介词短语,在句中作表语或状语。如: They did not start because of the snow . 因为下雪,他们没有出发。 5、sometime , some time , sometimes 和 some times (1)sometime 是副词,表示“曾经”,“某时”,“有朝一日”。如: I think he will come to see us sometime next month .我想他下月某个时候会来看我们。 (2)some time 是名词词组,通常表示“一段时间”,多与介词for 连用,作时间状语。如: He read the newspaper for some time . 他读了一会儿报纸。 It will take you some time to do the work . 你需要花些时间来做这项工作。 (3)sometimes是频率副词,意为“有时”。如: They walk sometimes in English and sometimes in French . 他们有时用英语交谈,有时用法语交谈。 (4)some times 是名词词组,表示“几次”。如: I’ve been there some times . 我去过那几次了。 6、ago , before (1)ago 表示从现在算起的若干时间以前,因此多用在过去时的句子里;before 则表示从过去的某个时刻算起的若干时间以前,多用在过去完成的句子里。如: He said : “I lived there 2 years ago .” 他说:“我两年前在那儿住过。” He said he had lived there 2 years before . 他说他两年前在那儿住过。 I had met the man 3 days before . 我三天前遇到过那个人。 (2)before 用作副词时,还可用在现在完成时和一般过去时的句子里,表示不确定的时间。如: I have read the book before . 我以前已经看过这本书了。 I read the book before . 我以前看过这本书。 7、borrow , lend (1)borrow 是主语“借进”,与from 连用。如: You can borrow the novel from the library . 你可以从图书馆借到这本小说。 May I borrow your bike ? 我可以借你的自行车吗? (2)lend 是主语“借出”,与to 连用。如: I have lent my bike to Jack . 我把自行车借给了杰克。 Will you lend me your pen ? 你能把钢笔借给我吗? 8、wear , put on , dress 和 have on (1)wear 是“穿着”,“戴着”的意思,表示状态,是延续性动词,一般现在时表示经常状态,现在进行时表示暂时情况。如: He often wears a blue jacket . 他常穿一件蓝夹克。 She is wearing a red skirt . 她穿着一件红裙子。 (2)put on 是“穿上”,“戴上”的意思,表示动作,是非延续性动词短语。如: He put on his jacket and went out . 他穿上夹克就出门了。 Put on more clothes . It’s cold outside . 多穿点衣服,外面很冷。 (3)have on 是“穿着”,“戴着”的意思,也表示状态,但它没有被动语态。如: She always had her red skirt on . 她总是穿着那条红裙子。 He had a new coat on today . 他今天穿着一件新外套。 (4)dress 是“穿上”,“穿着”的意思,既表示状态,也表示动作。作及物动词时,表示给自己或别人穿衣服,宾语是人;作不及物动词时与副词连用。如: Wake up the children and dress them . 叫醒孩子们,给他们穿上衣服。 He dresses well . 他穿着讲究。 9、clothes , clothing 和 cloth (1)clothes是复数名词,指具体的衣服,如外套、裤子、衬衣等。它不能与表示具体数目的数词连用。如: She likes red clothes . 她喜欢红色的衣服。 (2)clothing 是集体名词,指衣服、服装的总称,不能用复数,表示泛指。如: He gave me an article of clothing . 他送给我一件衣服。 (3)cloth 是不可数名词,指布料。但如果指一种特殊用途的布时,是可数名词。如: She bought a piece of cloth . 她买了一块布。 He covered the table with a table cloth . 他用一块桌布盖住了桌子。 10.pay off , pay back 和 pay for (1)pay off 还清,偿清(欠款,债务等),如: I’ll pay off my debt with this check . 我将用这张支票还清我的债务。 I must pay off that forty pounds . 我一定还清那四十镑。 (2)pay back 偿还,报复 He paid the money back immediately . 他立刻把钱还了。 It’s high time he paid me back the $100 he owes me . 他可该还欠我的100美元了。 He paid me back by not coming . 他以不来来报复我。 Maybe she was playing trick to pay them back . 也许她正在玩花招来报复他们。 (3)pay for 付┅┅ 款,偿付 I’ve already paid for the meal . 我已经付了饭钱了(我已经买单了)。 He has to pay $100 for the house each month . 他每月不得不付100美元的房租。 How much did you pay for the taxi ? 你付了出租车多少钱? 11.receive , accept receive 意为“接受”,没有主观色彩,指收到了送来的东西。accept 意为“接受”,指乐意接受,强调主观愿望。如: She received a gift from him , but she refused to accept it . 她收到了他的礼物,但她拒绝接受。 I received a letter from America yesterday . 昨天,我收到了一封来自美国的信。 I accepted the advice of his . 我接受了他的建议。 重点难点解析 (1)表示现在或将来的某种可能性时不用 can ,而使用 may , might 或 could ,一般用于肯定句式,在语气上might 表示的语气很小,但could表示的可能性更小。如: Will you answer the phone ? It could / might / may be your mother . 请你接下电话,可能是你的母亲打来的。(不能用can) We may go for a trip this May Day . 今年“五一节”我们可能去旅游。 We might / could go for a trip this May Day ,but I’m afraid we won’t have enough time . 今年“五一节”我们可能去旅游,不过我想时间不太充足。 (2)can表示现在的可能性时,只用于疑问句中和否定句中,这时不用may , might 或could.如: Who is speaking at the meeting ? Can it be Mr.Green?谁在会上发言?会不会是格林先生? It can’t be him . 那不可能是他。 (3)can 和could后面接动词的完成式have done 表示对过去情况的猜测或判断。can 只用于疑问句和否定句,而could 能用于肯定句,表示一个非事实的或不可能实现的可能性。如: Where can she have gone ? 她会上哪儿去呢? She can’t have gone to school . —It’s Sunday . 他不可能去学校—今天是星期日。 If I had had time , I could have come here . 如果我有时间我会来的。(实际上没来,是一种虚拟语气) (4)can间或用于肯定句,说的是理论上的可能性,表示笼统的时间,事物上的特征。如: I don’t think he can have heard what you said . 我想他不会听到了你所说的话。 It can be windy tomorrow . 明天可能有风。 would 用在肯定句中也可表示揣测,指说话人主面上认为的不是很确定的可能性。如: It would be a waste of time / money . 这会是白白浪费时间/钱。 He would be back in September . 他可能九月份回来。 口语交际 (一)警告 1、wet paint !小心油漆未干! 2、Dangerous !危险!勿碰。 3、Mind your head .当心别碰着头。 4、Watch out / Look out / Take care /Be careful ! 当心 5、Look out !Where are you going ? 当心!瞧你往哪里走? 6、You’d better be careful when crossing the street . 过马路时你最好谨慎点儿。 7、Make sure to lock the door when you leave . 走时一定要把门锁好。 8、Be careful with the glass .小心玻璃。 9、If you don’t work hard , you’ll not finish the work on time . 如果你不努力工作,你将无法准时完成工作。 (二)有关警告的回答 1、Excuse me ! 抱歉 2、That’s true .这是真的 3、You’re right .你说得对 4、Thanks .谢谢提醒 5、Thanks for the warning .谢谢警告 6、Yes , I know .是的,我知道了 7、All right .没问题 8、Sorry , I didn’t know that .对不起,(以前)我不知道 9、There’s nothing to worry about .用不着担心 10、Don’t make a fuss.不用大惊小怪 |
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