Unit 18　New Zealand
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Ⅰ.Teaching Goals:
1.Talk about New Zealand and China.
2.Talk about location and direction.
3.Learn to use“It”as a subject.
4.Write a description of a country or a region.
Ⅱ.Teaching Time:
Four periods
Ⅲ.Background Information:
The First People in New Zealand
Located to the east of Australia,New Zealand is a living land,as the locals call it.
The Dutch navigator Abel Tasman was the first European to discover the existence of this new land in 1642.
Tasman's journey was not a success:the Maori natives appeared from the beaches and approaching the ship,started to sing their chants.
Tasman replied what he thought was a greeting with the ship's band,not knowing that in this way he was accepting the bellicose(好战的) challenge being offered by the Maoris.Therefore,the sailors were killed.
New Zealand was effectively discovered for the first time by Captain Cook.
Cook's landing was more fortunate than Tasman's.In fact,the English navigator took some Polynesian interpreters with him to the landing,through whom he showed his own friendliness to the Maoris.
After a long and arduous(艰难的) voyage across the Pacific on board canoes,the Maori tribes were the first real colonizers of New Zealand,arriving here from the islands of Polynesia around a thousand years ago.Canoes made the Maoris' life on the new island possible.
The Maritime Museum is a special space that is reserved for the restoration and exhibition of old Maori boats,both originals and replicas(复制品).
In the 19th century,the English settlers reached New Zealand.The English people,given the times and the maturing of world public opinion,wanted a soft colonization(殖民本质),different from the one in nearby Australia,which was internationally condemned(谴责) because it was greedy and bloody.In New Zealand,unlike Australia,the English did not enslave the natives or steal their land.
The tribes emphasized their own previous arrival in this land by calling themselves Maoris.Now,they still follow the traditional culture and customs.
There is a Maoris' typical meeting house where in older times,but still today,the tribes got together to celebrate their rites and to make important political decisions.
Here,the native population decided to merge(合并) with the first English settlers into a single kingdom.In the first elections,which were held in 1890,all citizens over the age of 21 years old,Maori and white,were given the vote.Three years later,women obtained the right to vote for the first time in history.
In New Zealand those who wish to combine a profound anthropological(人类学的) experience with caring for the body,can benefit from the hospitality(好客) of large family communities.
They show the typical way of cooking the food in pits filled with glowing stones.
The raw food,in general chicken,fish,pork and vegetables is steamed,and the emphasis is on abundance rather than appearance.
The Hangi,the typical Maori meal,which is seen above all as a form of conviviality(宴饮) and is accompanied by songs from the native tradition.
At the end of the banquet(宴会),a rugby match,a fine burst of movement helps the digestion(消化):this sport is one at which the Maoris are masters.
The land,which was enjoyed only by the Maoris more than 300 years ago,has become a multinational(多民族的) modern society.Peaceful co-existence among the races benefits the development of New Zealand.
The First Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Learn to describe location and direction.
2.Do some listening practice.
3.Improve the students' speaking ability by talking.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Train the students' listening ability.
2.Master the expressions describing location and direction.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.How to improve the students' listening ability.
2.How to finish the task of speaking.
Teaching Methods:
1.Listening-and-choice activity to help the students go through with the listening material.
2.Individual,pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a map of China
2.a computer
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰ.Greetings
Greet the whole class as usual.
step Ⅱ.Lead-in
T:(Put up a map of China on the blackboard.)
This is a map of China.I think you're familiar with it,aren't you?
Ss:Yes.
T:Good well,please look at the English words on the screen.Say their Chinese meanings and match them with the map.
(Teacher shows the screen)
Bohai Sea　Yellow Sea　East China Sea　South China Sea　Sea of Japan　Pacific Ocean　Taiwan　Hainan　Japan　the Philippines　Korea　Russia　Mongolia　India　Thailand　the Himalayas
(Teacher asks some students to the front and do the task.)
T:Very good.Now we've put the names of countries,islands,seas and oceans to their correct places.
Step Ⅲ.Warming Up
T:Look at the map,please.Try to describe their locations.Before you do the task,look at the two examples on the Bb:The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang Province.Hainan Island lies to the south of Guangdong Province.(Teacher reads them).
T:From the two examples,we can learn to use the following sentence structure to describe location.(Teacher writes the following on the Bb.)
(Bb:A lies/is to the east/west/south…of B.)
OK.Let's practise the sentence structure.I'll give you three minutes to prepare it.Then I
'll ask some students to read out their sentences.
T:(Three minutes later)Time is up.Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.I'll check your sentences.One student,one place.
S1:The Bohai Sea lies to the southwest of Liaoning Province.
S2:The Yellow Sea is to the east of Shandong Province.
S3.The South China sea lies to the south of Guangdong Province.
S4:The Sea of Japan is to the north of Japan.
S5:The Pacific Ocean lies to the east of Asia.
S6:Taiwan lies to the southeast of Fujian Province.
S7:Japan lies to the east of China.
S8:The Philippines is to the south of China.
S9:Korea lies to the east of Shandong Province.
S10:Russia lies to the north of Europe and Asia.
S11:Mongolia is to the north of China.
S12:India lies to the southwest of China.
S13:Thailand lies to the south of China.
S14:The Himalayas lies to the southwest of China.
Step Ⅳ.Listening
T:Next,let's do some listening.Turn to Page 27 and look at the listening part.First Part 1.Listen to the tape and look at the map of Dolphin Island.Then complete the map with information you hear.I'll play the tape for the first time.Listen carefully and do Part 1.(Teacher plays the tape for the students to listen.After listening,the students are given two minutes to check their answers with their partners.)
T:Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Let's go on with Part 2.Before listening to the tape,you need to go through with Part 2 and make sure you know what to do.
(Teacher gives the students one or two minutes to go through with Part 2.Then play the tape again.After a while,check their answers in class.If the students have any difficulty,teacher may play it again.)
Step Ⅴ.Speaking
T:Now look at Speaking at Page 27.Today we'll talk about the birthplaces of our grandparents,parents and ourselves.First,answer my question.Where were you born?Any volunteer?
S15:I was born in Taiyuan.It lies in the centre of Shanxi Province.
T:Do you know how far it is from Beijing?
S16:I think it's about 300 kilometres.
T:OK.Do you know where your parents were born?
S16:Yes.My mother was also born in Taiyuan,while my father came from a small town in Shanghai.
T:What about your grandparents?
S16:My grandmother was also born in a small village of Shanghai.My grandfather moved to Shanghai from Sichuan Province.
T:Good.Thank you.Sit down,please.Next,let's talk about the birthplaces of our families.Before you talk about it,you can go through with the following expressions on the Bb:North China,South China,West China,East China,Northeastern China,Central China,Southeastern China,in the north/south/east/west of…,to the north/south/east/west of…,in the northern/southern/eastern/western part of…,northeastern/northwestern/southeastern/
southwestern.They're helpful in describing locations.
(Teacher gives the students a few minutes to read the useful expressions.Then let the students read the dialogue on Page 27 and act it out.)
T:(After that)Please make up a new dialogue according to the one acted before.After a while,I'll ask some pairs to act before the class.(A few minutes later.)
T:Well,who'd like to act out your dialogue?
SA、B:Let us try.(Two students stand up and act out their dialogue before the class.)
T:Very good.Please go back to your seats.
Suggested answers:
A:Where is your great-grandfather on your father's side from?
B:He is from Leshan,a small town in the south of Sichuan Province.
A:Can you explain where that is?
B:Leshan lies about 120 kilometres south of Chengdu.
A:And what about your great-grandmother on your father's side？
B:She's from eastern Sichuan.
A:Which city?
B:It's not a city.She's from Ba county,a small town.It's not far from the city of Chongqing.
A:Where are your parents from?
B:My father comes from Chengdu,and my mother's from Dujiangyan.
A:Is it far from Chengdu to Dujiangyan?
B:No.It's about 60 kilometres.
A:And what about you?
B:I was born in Chengdu.It's in the center of Sichuan Province.
Step Ⅵ.Consolidation
T:Thank you for your wonderful performance.Now,let's do an exercise to consolidate what we've learnt.Please look at the screen.Translate the English into Chinese and the Chinese into English.Write your answers on a piece of paper.Five minutes later,I'll collect them.(Show the screen.)
Translate the English into Chinese and the Chinese into English.
1.San Francisco is/lies in the west of the USA.
2.East of the mountain is a large lake.
3.Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.
4.There are fruit trees on the north
bank of the river.
5.河北省在中国的北部。
6.这个城的北面有一条铁路。
7.中国位于亚洲的东部。
8.这湖的东边有两座城镇。
Suggested answers:
1.旧金山位于美国的西部。
2.这座山的东面有一个大湖。
3.上海位于中国的东部。
4.这河的北岸有果树。
5.Hebei Province is/lies in the north of China.
6.North of the city is a railway.
7.China lies/is in the east of Asia.
8.East of the lake are two towns.
Step Ⅶ.Summary and Homework
T:In this period,we've done some listening and speaking.We've also talked about location and direction.When describing location,we can use the expressions on the Bb.(Pointing to the Bb.)After class,practise talking about location and direction and master the sentence structure on the Bb.
Besides,preview the reading material in the next period.So much for today.Class is over.
Step Ⅷ.The Design of the writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18　New Zealand
The First Period
Ⅰ.The East China Sea lies to the east of Zhejiang Province.Hainan Island lies to the south of Guangdong Province.A lies/is to the east/west/south…of B.
Ⅱ.Useful expressions to describe locations:
North China　South China　West China　East China　Northeastern China　Central China　Southeastern China　in the north/south/east/west of…　to the north/south/east/west of…　in the northern　southern/eastern/western part of…　northere/northwestern 　Sichuan　southeastern/southwestern　Hunan
Step Ⅸ.Record after Teaching
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The Second Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Train the students' reading ability.
2.Let the students learn something about New Zealand.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the students' reading ability.
2.Learn about New Zealand's geography,climate,natural beauty and history.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to help the students understand the text better.
Teaching Methods:
1.Fast reading to find out the general idea of the text.
2.Question-and-answer activity to help the students to understand the detailed information in the text.
3.Individual or pair work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder　2.a computer 3.a map of the world.
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.
T:Yesterday we learnt some useful expressions to describe locations.Now,who can describe the location of China?
S1:Let me try.China lies to the west of the Pacific Ocean,the south of Russia and Mongolia.It is in the east of Asia.
T:Very good.
step Ⅱ.Pre-reading
T:(Put up a map of the world.)Now,please look at the map.There are many islands on the map.Can you find five islands?Who can try?
S2:Let me try.Japan,Iceland,the Philippines,Indonesia and New Zealand.
T:You're right.Thank you.Now,let's describe where they are.You can do it like this:It is…in the…sea/ocean;…to the north/south/east/west of…;The nearest country is….Please begin.One student,one island.
S3:Japan lies to the east of China.It is in the Pacific Ocean.The nearest country is Korea.
S4:Iceland lies in the Atlantic Ocean.It is in the northwest of Europe.The nearest country is England.
S5:The Philippines lies in the Pacific Ocean.It is in the south of Asia.Malaysia is the nearest country from it.
S6:Indonesia lies in the south of Asia.It's also in the Pacific Ocean.The nearest country is also Malaysia.
S7:New Zealand is in the Pacific Ocean.It lies off the eastern coast of Australia.Australia is the nearest country from it.
T:Well done.Do you know what the names of their capital cities are?
Ss:Sorry,we don't know all of them.
T:It doesn't matter.I think you must know the capital of Japan,don't you?
Ss:Yes.It's Tokyo.
T:Very good.Do you know in which part of the Island Tokyo is?
Ss:Yes.It is in the northeast of Japan.
T:Quite right.If you want to go to Japan from your hometown,how can you get there?
Ss:By air.
T:Why?
(One student stands up and explains why.)
T:You're quite right.Thank you.Sit down,please.Now,let's go on.Do you know what the name of Iceland's capital city is?
Ss:Sorry,we don't know.
S3:I know,but I can only say it in Chinese.It is“雷克雅未克”.
T:OK.Please sit down.It is spelt“R-e-y-k-j-a-v-i-k”in English.It lies in the southwest of Iceland.We can go there by ship or plane.
(In the same way,the teacher asks the students about the other three islands and let some students answer.If they have any difficulty,teacher may help them.)
Suggested answers:
The Philippines' capital is Manila.It lies in the centre of the island.We can get there by air or ship.Indonesia's capital is Djakarta.It is in the south of the island.We can take a ship/a plane to go there.Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.It lies on the North Island.We can arrive there by plane.
Step Ⅲ.Reading
T:From the map,we've learnt the location of New Zealand and its capital.Today,we're going to learn something about New Zealand.Before reading the text,let's deal with the new words appearing in the text.
(Teacher asks some students to read out the new words.At the same time,correct their mistakes in pronunciation,and give some explanations if necessary.)
T:Now,turn to Page 28.Read the passage silently and quickly,get the general idea,and then do the exercise on the screen.After a while,I'll check your answers with the whole class.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
The reading passage has four paragraphs.Match each paragraph with the best heading.
1.History　2.Climate　3.Natural beauty　4.Geography
Suggested answers:
Paragraph 1:4　Paragraph 2:2　Paragraph 3:3　Paragraph　4:1
T:Well done.Now,read the first paragraph again,and then do another exercise on the screen.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen)
Describe the location of the following lands,seas and cities in relation to New Zealand.
A.Pacific Ocean　B.Tasman Sea　C.Wellington　D.Auckland　E.Christchurch
Well, you're given three minutes to do it.Three minutes later.I'll ask some of you to describe the location of them.Are you clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:Well,who'd like to describe the location of the Pacific Ocean?
T:Begin,please.(After three minutes.)Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
S4:I'd like to.The Pacific Ocean lies to the north and east of New Zealand.
T:That's right.Where is the Tasman Sea?
S5:It lies to the south and west of New Zealand.
T:Yes,you're right.Let's go on.What about Wellington?
S6:Wellington is on the North Island.
S7:Auckland also lies on the North Island.
S8:Christchurch lies on the South Island.
T:Very good.Now,read the whole passage once more.This time,you should pay attention to the words in bold.After reading,you need to tell us what the words refer to.At last,I'll check your answers.You're given a few minutes to do it.OK?
Ss:OK.
(A few minutes later,the teacher checks them.)
Suggested answers:
1.“It”refers to“New Zealand”.
2.“which”refers to “hot springs”.
3.“this heat”refers to“the heat from hot spring.”
4.“these settlers”refers to“Europeans”.
5.“it”refers to“England”.
Step Ⅳ.Explanation and Further Unders-tanding
T:Now,please look at the screen.I'll explain something difficult to you.
(Show the following on the screen)
1.be made up of
e.g.A year is made up of four seasons.
2.be surrounded by
e.g.That is a house which is surrounded by trees.
We are surrounded by dangers.
3.make electricity
e.g.Coal can be used to make electricity.
4.take possession of
e.g.You can't take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.
5.sign an agreement with
e.g.The two companies signed an agreement with each other over the price of the product.
(Bb:be made up of,be surrounded by,make electricity,take possession of,sign an agreement with)
Step Ⅴ.Comprehension
T:We've learnt a lot about New Zealand.Now,let's do an exercise about the climate and weather in New Zealand.Please look at the graphs on Page 29.Then choose the correct answers for the following questions.First do it by yourself,then check your answers with your partner.Finally,I'll check your answers.Is that clear?
Ss:Yes.
Suggested answers:
1)B　2)B　3)D　4)D
T:Very good.From the chart,what can you learn about the climate and weather in New Zealand?What information does the chart not give?Who knows?
S9:Let me try.From the chart,we can learn that the climate in New Zealand is very mild.It isn't very hot in summer and not cold in winter.It rains a lot.The warmest months are December to February.The coldest months are June to August.But we don't know it has a mild sea climate from the chart.
T:Well done.Now,compare the climate in China with the climate in New Zealand and explain the differences.If you'd like to,make a chart.I'll give you five minutes to prepare it.You can discuss with your partner.Please write your answers on a piece of paper.After a while,I'll collect them.Do you understand?
Ss:Yes.
Suggested answers:

Step VI Listening and Consolidation
T:Now,listen to the tape.This time,you should pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.(Teacher plays the tape and the students listen and follow.After that,the teacher gives the students a few minutes to read aloud.)
T:Now complete the following passage on the screen.Don't look at your books,please.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
New Zealand is an island made up of （1） main islands in the （2） Ocean.Its capital, （3） ,lies on the North Island. （4） were the earliest people to come to New Zealand.They brought dogs,rats and （5） such as the sweet potato with them and （6） mainly in the North Island.Druing the 19th century, （7） ,mainly （8） had come to settle in New Zealand,and the Maori （9） with these settlers.That day is still （10） as a （11） holiday.
New Zealand is a country with a warm （12） ,many plants and （13） that only live in New Zealand.
The most famous animal is a little （14） that cannot fly.It is called a Kiwi.The North Island is famous for an area of （15） and some of this （16） near the earth's surface is used to （17）
Suggested answers:
(1)two　(2)Pacific (3)Wellington (4)The Maori (5)plants (6)settled (7)Europeans (8)British (9)signed an agreement (10)celebrated (11)National (12)climate (13)animals (14)bird (15)hot springs (16)heat (17)make electricity
Step Ⅶ.Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've read a passage about New Zealand.From the passage,we've learnt something about New Zealand,such as,geography,climate,natural beauty and history.(Write them on the Bb.)At the same time,we've learnt some useful expressions.After class,you must remember them and use them correctly.At last,don't forget to preview next period.That's all for today.Class is over.
Step Ⅷ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18　New Zealand
The Second Period
Ⅰ.Geography　Climate　Natural beauty 　History
Ⅱ.Useful expressions:
be made up of be surrounded by
make electricitytake passession of
sign an agreement with
Step Ⅸ.Record after Teaching
_____________________________________
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The Third Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Write a passage to consolidate the words describing natural environment.
2.Revise and learn the use of “it”.
Teaching Important Points:
1.The usage of “it”used in the subject position to stand for the infinitive or a clause.
2.The usage of“it”used to talk about time,date,distance or weather.
Teaching Difficult Points:
1.Help the students master the following sentence structure:It is/was +n./adj.+infinitive/clause.
2.How to use“it”correctly.
Teaching Methods:
1.Discussion method to help the students combine some sentences and form a passage.
2.Inductive method to help the students master the use of“it”.
3.Pair work or individual work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.a projector and some sides
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual
T:Yesterday we learnt a text about New Zealand.Now,please look at the screen.Answer the following questions.
(The teacher shows the screen.)
Answer the following questions:
1.Where is New Zealand?What is its capital city?
2.What's the weather of New Zealand like?
3.What's the North Island famous for?
4.What's the most famous animal?
5.Who are the earliest people to come to this country?
Suggested answers:
1.New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.It is made up of two large islands:North Island and South Island.The Pacific Ocean lies to the north and east of it.Its capital city is Wellington.
2.New Zealand has a mild sea climate.It rains a lot.The warmest months are December to February.The coldest months are June to August.
3.The North Island is famous for hot springs.
4.The most famous animal in it is called a Kiwi,which has wings but cannot fly.
5.The Maori are the earliest people to come to this country.
T:Very good.
step Ⅱ.Word Study
T:Now,please look at the word webs on the screen.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
jungles　forests　wooded　grassy　deserts　grasslands　rocky　sandy　flat　hills　mountains　hilly　mountainous
Well,work in pairs to make sentences with all of the words and then try to combine them.You're given seven minutes to do it.Seven minutes later,I'll ask some students to read out their passages.
Suggested answer:
We were going through a mountainous area by bus.Before we went in the mountains,we saw some sandy areas and deserts along the hilly road.Some jungles could be seen from time to time.In the distance are grey mountains.The sight was very sad.Then we climed over a rocky hill.After that a large flat grassland appearing before our eyes.There was a big forest at the end.To our surprise,some small wooded cottages stood there.Some grassy plants as well as all kinds of flowers grew around the cottages,which made the cottages very beautiful.
Step Ⅲ.Grammar
T:Well done.You're imaginative.Now,look at the sentences on the screen and tell the use of“it”.
(Show the following on the screen.)
1.It was getting dark.
2.It is April 1st today.
3.It rains a lot in New Zealand.
4.It is some 3 500 kilometres from Polynesia to New Zealand.
5.It is a good thing that New Zealand helps the Maori to keep their own language and culture.
6.It is quite normal that uncles and aunts live with the family for a long time.
7.It is interesting to visit New Zealand.
T:Who can try the first sentence?
S1:I can try.In the first sentence,“it”is used to refer to“time.”
T:Yes,you're right.Let's go on.The second one,Li Xiao,you try,please.
S2:Here“it”is used to talk about“date”.
T:Very good.The third one.Can you try,Wang Fang?
S3:Yes,I think“it”here is used to refer to “weather”.
T:OK.Do you know what“it”refers to in the fourth sentence?
S3:Yes.“It”refers to“distance”.
T:Quite right.Please sit down.Let's look at the fifth one.Who'd like to translate the sentence into Chinese?
S4:I'd like to.新西兰人帮助毛利人保持他们自己的语言和文化是件好事。
T:Good.Can you tell us the use of“it”in the sentence?
S4:Sorry,I don't know.
T:It doesn't matter.Sit down,please.Who knows?
S5:I'll try.I guess“it”is used to refer to“that-clause”.
T:Well done.You're quite right.Can you try next sentence?
S5:Yes.“It”is also used to stand for“that-clause”.
T:Very good.The last one.Who can try?
S6:Let me try.I think “it”is used in the subject position to stand for“the infinitive”.Its Chinese meaning is:“参观新西兰是有趣的。”
T:Quite right.From the sentences above,we can sum up the use of “it”.Impersonal“it”can be used to talk about time,date,distance or weather.(Write them on the Bb.)Besides,“it”can be used in the subject position to stand for an infinitive or a clause.From the sentences 5,6 and 7,we can learn the following sentence structure:It is/was +adj./n.+infinitive/clause.(Write it on the Bb.)Now,who can use the sentence structure to make some sentences?
S7:Let me try.It is impassible for so few people to do so much work in a single day.
S8:It is very important to follow the rules.
S9:It is true that he accepted the invitation.
(Teacher writes the students' sentences on the Bb.)
T:Very good.Now,open your books and turn to Page 30.Let's do Ex.1.First do it by yourselves,and then check your answers with your partners.At last,I'll ask some of you to read out your sentences.Before you do it,you may look at example first.Are you clear?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.You're given a few minutes to do it.Please begin.(A few minutes later.)Have you finished?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacher asks some students to read out their sentences.)
Suggested answers to Ex.1:
(1)It is very exciting to receive a letter from a foreign friend.
(2)It is not a good habit to eat too much junk food.
(3)It is dangerous to drive too fast.
(4)It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
(5)It is a pleasure to see you again.
(6)It has always been her dream to go abroad to study.
T:You've done it very well.Now,let's go on with Ex.2.You're given three minutes to do it in the same way.After a while,I'll check your answers.Do you understand?
Ss:Yes.
(After a while,teacher checks their answers.)
Suggested answers to Ex.2:
(1)It is strange that you don't know where New Zealand is.
(2)It is a real pleasure that you invited me to the wondeful dinner.
(3)It was not surprising that he failed his maths exam.
(4)It was a shock to all that his secretary stole the money.
Step Ⅳ.Test
T:Now,let's have a test.Please look at the screen.Write your answers on a piece of paper.Before class is over,I'll collect them.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with“It is”or“It”and explain what each“it”is used for.
1.__________is quite a long way from here to the castle.
2.__________National Day today.
3.__________four o'clock p.m.now.
4.__________is rather windy at sea sometimes.
5.__________hard for him to get rid of his bad habit.
6.__________a pleasure that he has been admitted to a university.
Ⅱ.Translate the following into English.
1.学生们每天练习说英语是有好处的。
2.学好一门外语是重要的。
3.她犯那样的错误是不可能的。
4.冬天，北京比上海更冷。
5.从这儿到最近的银行大约一英里。
6.是吃午饭的时间了。
Suggested answers:
Ⅰ.(1)It;distance (2)It is;date (3)It is;time (4)It;weather (5)It is;for sb.to do sth.
(6)It is;that-clause
Ⅱ.(1)It's useful for students to practise speaking English every day.
(2)It's important to learn a foreign language well.
(3)It is impossible that she should make a mistake like that.
(4)In winter,it is even colder in Beijing than in Shanghai.
(5)It's about a/one mile from here to the nearest bank.
(6)It's time for lunch.
Step Ⅴ.Summary and Homework
T:In this period,we've reviewed and learned the use of“it”.In order to master it better,you need to do more exercises after class.We've also learned to use some words to make sentences and combine them.This exercise is very helpful in writing a passage.If you'd like to,you may find some similar words to make sentences and combine them.At last,don't forget to prepare for next period.OK.So much for today.Class is over.
Step Ⅵ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18　New Zealand
The Third Period
Grammar:The use of “it”(1)
Ⅰ.Talk about time,date,distance or weather.
Ⅱ.Sentence Stucture:
It is/was +adj./n.+infinitive/clause.
e.g.It is impossible for so few people to do so much work in a single day.
It is very important to follow the rules.It is true that he accepted the invitation.
Step Ⅶ.Record after Teaching
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The Fourth Period
Teaching Aims:
1.Do some reading and writing practice to improve the students' integrating skills.
2.Do some exercises to consolidate the use of“it”.
3.Learn how to write a descripition of a country or a region.
Teaching Important Points:
1.Improve the students' integrating skills.
2.Help the students master the use of “it” better.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to improve the students' integrating skills.
Teaching Methods:
1.Asking-and-answering activity to go through with the reading material.
2.Individual or group work to train the students' writing ability.
Teaching Aids:
1.a tape recorder
2.a projector and some slides
3.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
step Ⅰ.Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual
T:Yesterday we learnt the use of “it”.Now,let's review it.Who can tell us the use of “it”?
S1:Let me try.“It”can be used in the subject position to stand for an infinitive or a clause.And “it”can also be used to refer to time,date,distance or weather.
T: OK.You're quite right.
step Ⅱ.Checkpoint
T:Now,please look at the screen.Translate the sentences into English.You're given a few minutes to prepare it,and then I'll ask some of you to write your sentences on the blackboard.
(Teacher shows the screen.)
Translate the following sentences into English.
1.独自一人去海岸附近旅游是危险的。
2.他是否会接受那个工作还不知道。
3.同他谈话没有用。
4.很高兴再次见到你。
5.他没来很奇怪。
(A few minutes later,the teacher asks five students to write their sentences on the blackboard.)
Suggested answers:
1.It is dangerous to travel alone near the coast.
2.It was unknown whether he would accept the job.
3.It is no use talking to him.
4.It is nice to see you again.
5.It is strange that he didn't come.
T:Well.So much for the grammar.
Step Ⅲ.Reading
T:Now,turn to Page 30.Read the text about life in New Zealand,and then answer the following questions on the screen.I'll give you a few minutes to prepare.After a while,I'll check your answers.
(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)
Answer the following questions:
1.What is the official language in New Zealand?
2.For the Maori,what are special days called?
3.When someone dies,why does all the relations come to the marae?
4.Why is New Zealand thought to be an important agricultural country?
5.Why do New Zealanders love sports?
Suggested answers:
1.English and Maori are the official languages.
2.Special days for the Maori are called huis.A hui may be a wedding,burial or conference.
3.Because the Maori think that the spirit stays with the body for three days.
4.Because the main exports of the country are agricultural products,such as wool,lamb,beef and butter.
5.Because people are living in a country with plenty of space and a good climate.
T:Well done.Now,you've understood the text well,but there's something important for you to master in it.Please look at the screen.
(Show the screen.)
1.turn to
e.g.He turned to the study of medicine.
Let's trun our attention to the matter at hand.
They always turn to me when they're in trouble.
2.of+ n.
e.g.They are both of middle height.
Mike is a boy of great courage.
Step Ⅳ.Writing
T:Now,read the passage again.Then according to the passage,try to write a short description of the Chinese province or region in which you live.Before writing,look at the screen,please.
First Paragraph:Write about the population,ethnic groups and the languages spoken by them.
Second Paragraph:Write about the culture of one or more ethnic groups that are native to your province or region.
Third Paragraph:Write about the agricultural products that your province or region is famous for.
Fourth Paragraph:Write about the things people like to do in their spare time in your province or region.
T:Discuss what you'll write according to the information on the screen.Work in groups of four.You're given five minutes to discuss.One of your group needs to take notes.OK,please begin.
(Teacher goes among the students to join them in the discussion.If the students have any questions on the discussion,the teacher may help them.)
T:Well,time is up.Have you finished the discussion?
S:Yes.
T:OK.I'll ask some of you to tell us what province or region you'll write about.Any volunteer?
S2:After discussing,our group are going to write something about Shanxi Province,such as,its position,population,ethnic groups,culture,agricultural products,and the things people there like to do in their spare time.
S3:Our group will write about Yunnan Province…
T:Very good.Now,use the information which you've discussed and get to write a short passage.First write it by yourself,and then exchange your writing with your partner to correct the mistakes in it.At last,rewrite it on a piece of paper.Ten minutes later,I'll collect them.Are you clear?
Ss:Yes.
One possible version:
Shanxi Province lies in the north of China with a population of about 30 million people.Besides Han People,there are mainly Mongol and Hui People living in Shanxi Province,where most people speak Putonghua so that they can understand each other.
In the north of Shanxi live some Mongolians,whose ancestors are nomadic tribes living by keeping sheep.They are strong,brave and hospitable.A grand festival called“Na-dam Fair”is held in summer every year.On festivals,they will carry out some traditional performances,such as horse-riding,whistling and so on.
There are many mountains,but basin is flat.It has all kinds of agricultural products,such as rice,wheat,potatoes,corn and cotton.It is also rich in coal,and is called“home of coal”.
People there like climbing mountains and singing folk songs in their spare time.They also enjoy taking all kinds of exercise to keep fit.Paper-cut is their hobby.Besides,there are all sorts of cooked wheaten food in Shanxi.They're very delicious.
Shanxi is my hometown.I love it very much.
Step Ⅴ.Test
T:In this unit,we've learnt some useful expressions.Now,let's have a dictation.Li Ming,please come to the front and write the phrases on the blackboard.The other students,take out a piece of paper and write them on it.Are you ready?
Ss:Yes.
T:OK.Let's begin.
(Teacher says the following phrases in Chinese,and the students write them in English.
Bb:be made up of,be surrounded by,make electricity,take possession of,sign an agreement,refer to,in relation to,compare…with…,stand for,take place,turn to,prepare for)
T:(After that)Now,look at the screen.Complete each sentence by filling the blank with a right phrase on the blackboard.Some phrases may not be used.
1.Do you know what these bold words__________?
2.The May 4th Movement__________in 1949.
3.CPC__________the Communist Party of China.
4.The UK__________four countries.
5.I have a lot to say__________that affair.
6.The teacher asked us to__________next period.
7.Please__________your attention__________something important.
8.The soldiers__________the enemy fort.
9.The teacher__________Beijing__________Shanghai in class.
10.Generally speaking,we use coal to__________.
Well,you're given five minutes to do the exercise on a piece of paper.After that,I'll check your answers.
Suggested answers:
1.refer to 2.took place 3.stands for 4.is made up of 5.in relation to 6.prepare for
7.turn…to… 8.took possession of 9.compared…with… 10.make electricity
Step Ⅵ.Summary and Homework
T:In this class,we've done some exercises to review the use of“it” and the useful expressions appearing in this unit.We've also done some reading and writing.By reading the text about life in New Zealand,we have learnt to write a short description about some province or region.If you haven't finished the writing,please go on with it after class.Today's homework:preview Unit 19.Class is over.
Step Ⅶ.The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 18　New Zealand
The Fourth Period
Ⅰ.Sentences:
1.It is dangerous to travel alone near the coast.
2.It was unknown whether he would accept the job.
3.It was no use talking to him.
4.It is nice to see you again.
5.It is strange that he didn't come.
Ⅱ.Useful expressions:
be made up of be surrounded by
make electricity take possession of
sign an agreement　refer to
in relation to compare…with
stand for take place
turn to prepare for
Step Ⅷ.Record after Teaching
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_____________________________________
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Reference for Teaching
一、异域风情
1.Way of Life
New Zealand is an independent nation and a member of the British Commonwealth(英联邦).The majority of New Zealanders are of British descent,and the largest minority is New Zealand's indigenous Maori who make up around 14 percent of the population.
New Zealand lives in burgalows(带走廊的平房),singlestory,single-unit dwellings(住处)on small lots(地).Highrise residential(住宅的)development is a recent phenomenon confined(局限于)mainly to Auckland and Wellington.Most New Zealand families have a vegetable and fruit garden on their lot where they grow some of their food.It is common for families to have animals as pets,especially cats and dogs.
New Zealanders are keen sport participants and followers,Primary winter sports are rugby,soccer,hocky,netball(avariant of basketball,played by women),skating,skiing,and mountain climbing.The most popular summer sports are cricket(板球),tennis,swimming and sailing.
2.New Zealand—Land of the White Cloud
With its primeval forests,mighty snowcapped peaks,gigantic jords and grumbling volcanoes,it's no wonder the makers of The Lord Of The Rings films decided to shoot the trilogy in New Zealand.Rugged ranger-types can relive .The Fellowship Of The Rings by scaling forbidding mountain passes or crossing volcanic moonscapes towards the cracks of doom.For more adrenaline highs there's an unbeatable choice of good value activities,form white water rafting and jet boat rides to bungee-jumping and skydiving.
For more homely Hobbit types,NZ has many other attractions to enjoy—rambling countryside,a glorious coastline and plenty of sedate places to sit and enjoy the amazing views.And then there's the terrific cuisine and wine.With two weeks or more,a good way to see the country is to start in Auckland on the North Island,then drive to Wellington,crossing by ferry to the South Island.Take in the breathtaking scenery around Queenstown before flying home from Christchurch.There's too much to see beyond Auckland to justify spending too much time in the city,so head south to Waitomo.Hiding beneath this hilly area are the haunting Waitomo Glowworm Caves.Drift in silence in the dark on the subterranean lake and gaze up at the spectacular living lightshow.Adventure company Waitomo Luminosa leads groups through the underground rivers riding dark rapids on inner tyres.
二、知识归纳
(一)settle的用法
1.作及物/不及物动词，“前往居住(与in连用)”(go to and live in);“定居、安家(与in,at等连用)”(make one's home in/at…)。
e.g.They have decided to settle in America.
他们已决定在美国定居。
Tom settled his family in the countryside.
汤姆让家属定居于农村。
2.作不及物动词，“停留(与on连用)”(come to rest on);“暂时栖息(与on连用)”(stay for some time on)。
e.g.The bird settled on a branch.
鸟栖息于树枝上。
Dust settled on the desk.
灰尘落在了课桌上。
Her eyes settled on the baby.
她的目光停留在了婴儿身上。
A heavy fog settled over the airport.
大雾笼罩着飞机场。
3.作及物动词，“了结”(make an agreement about);“决定”(decide);“解决”(solve);“安排”(arrange);“料理”(deal with)。
e.g.That settles the matter.
事件就这样解决了。
They settled the date for the next meeting.
他们确定了下次开会的日期。
The problem was settled to his satisfaction.
这个问题解决得使他感到满意。
We've settled that we'll go to England,but we haven't settled how to get there.
我们已决定了去英国，但没有决定怎样去那儿。
I must settle all my affairs before leaving for Shanghai.
我在去上海之前一定要把事情料理妥当。
He settled his father in a corner of the waiting room.
他把父亲安顿在候车室的一个角落里。
(二)population的用法
1.population：“人口”，是个集合名词(collective noun)。
population作主语时，一般来说，当其强调整体时，表示某地整体人口是多少时，谓语动词常用单数(也就是说单独作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。但如果population强调具体成员时，表示某地的部分人口时，谓语动词常用复数(也就是说当其被分数、百分数修饰，且在句中作主语，谓语动词常用复数)。
e.g.The population of this city is nearly 300 000.
这个城市的人口将近三十万。
The population of the world is growing rapidly.
世界人口在迅速增长。
At present,38% of the Chinese population smoke.
目前，百分之三十八的中国人吸烟。
80% of the population in China are farmers.
中国百分之八十的人口是农民。
2.当问到“某地有多少人口”时，常用what/how large,而不用how many。
e.g.What's the population of this country?
这个国家有多少人口？
How large is the population of this city?
这个城市有多少人口？
3.当提到“有……人口”时，往往常用has a population of…或with a population of…。
e.g.China is a larger country with a population of more than 1.3 billion.
中国是一个具有十三多亿人口的大国。
The country has a population of more than 0.5 billion.
这个国家有五亿多人口。
4.当提到“某地人口比……多(少)”时，我们常用larger/smaller than…而不用more/less than…。
e.g.The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
我国的人口比日本的人口多。
The population of this city is smaller than that of that city.
这座城市的人口比那座城市的少。
5.常见的一些表达方式：
population explosion(人口爆炸)
population boom(人口骤增)
a fall/rise in population(人口的减少/增加)
control population(控制人口)
reach a population of…(达到……的人口)
(三)direction
direction作名词有多种意义：“方向、说明、指示(多用复数)，指导、指挥、导演”，常构成许多短语。
e.g.in the direction朝……方向
in the opposite/same direction朝相反/相同的方向
in all directions朝四面八方
follow one's directions(instructions)遵照某人的指示
using directions使用说明
under the direction of在……的指导下
e.g.The car was running in the direction of the airport.
小车向机场方向驶去。
The birds flew in all directions.
鸟儿四下飞去了。
Read the directions carefully before using the equipment.
使用设备前一定要仔细阅读说明。
We did the experiment under the direction of our teacher.
在老师的指导下我们做了这个实验。
三、词语辨析
(一)be made of,be made from,be made in,be made into,be made out of,be made by,be made up of
1.be made of“用……制成”，指某种成品是用什么原料制成的，而且能从成品表面看出原料。
e.g.The desks are made of wood.
课桌是由木头做的。
The wine bottle is made of glass.
这酒瓶是用玻璃做的。
2.be made from“由……制成”，也指某种成品是用什么原料制成的，但是从成品表面看不出原料。
e.g.Gas is made from coal.
煤气是由煤制成的。
The soil is made from the dead leaves above.
土壤是由上面的落叶腐烂而成的。
3.be made in“由某地制造”，“产于某地”，指某产品产于某地，in后接表示地点的名词。
e.g.The radio is made in Guangzhou.
这台收音机是广州产的。
The pen is made in Shanghai.
这钢笔是上海产的。
4.be made into“被制成……”，指用某种原料制成某种产品。
e.g.Glass can be made into bottles.
玻璃能被制成瓶子。
Graps can be made into wine.
葡萄可以酿酒。
5.be made out of“用……制造出……”，指产品来自于某原料，在口语中，可以代替be made of/from。
e.g.The cloth is made (out) of silk.
这布是丝绸做的。
The wine was made out of/from rice.
这酒是由米酿成的。
6.be made by“被……制造”是被动语态，by后接动作的发出者。
e.g.The shoes were made by my mother.
这双鞋是我妈妈做的。
The tool was made by workers.
这件工具是工人制造的。
7.be made up of“由……组成”，表示某一整体是由若干部分组成。其主动形式make up意为“组成。”
e.g.The medical team was made up of ten doctors and five nurses.
那支医疗队由十个医生和五个护士组成。
Our grade is made up of eight classes.
我们年级由八个班组成。
(二)be related to,relate to,have something to do with以上都作“与……有关系”讲，属同义词组。口语中常用have something to do with。
e.g.Light industry is closely related to the people's life.
轻工业与人民生活有密切联系。
I can't relate what he does to what he says.
我看他所做的和所说的完全是两回事。
Perhaps he has nothing to do with this case.
也许他与该案没有联系。
(三)take/have possession of,in(the)possession of
1.take possession of意为“夺取；占领”。
e.g.The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.
警察夺过了小偷的包。
2.have possession of意为“占有；拥有”。
e.g.He's had possession of the house for 10 years.
他已经拥有那房子10年了。
3.in possession of sth.意为“占有某物”，而in the possession of sb./in sb's possession则意为“为某人所占有”。二者意义完全不同，不可混淆。
试比较：
The widow is in possession of a large fortune.
那个寡妇拥有大笔财产。
The land is in the possession of the merchant.
这块地为该商人所有。
(四)take place,take one's place,take the place of
1.take place意为“发生”，“举行”，相当于不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，主语不能是人。
e.g.Great changes have taken place in our country since 1980.
自从1980年以来，我们国家发生了巨大的变化。
They decided that the ceremony should take place on Thursday.
他们决定仪式在星期四举行。
2.take one's place意为“入座、就位”“坐某人的座位”、“代替某人的职位”。
e.g.Take your place,please.We are about to start.
请坐好，我们马上就出发了。
Mr.Green is ill.Who will take his place to give us lessons?
格林先生病了，谁来替他给我们上课呢？
They took their place(=took their seats)at the small round table.
他们在那小圆桌旁坐下。
3.take the place of sb./sth.意为“代替或取代某人/物”。
e.g.Now computers have taken the place of typewriters in the office.
如今，办公室里电脑已取代了打字机。
His sense of touch gradually took the place of sight.
他的触觉逐渐代替了视觉。
No one can take the place of your manager.
没有人能够接替你们经理的工作。
(=No one can take your manager's place.)
四、能力训练
(一)单句改错
1.Please compare this sentence to that one.
简析：把to改为with。compare…to…是“把……比作……”的意思，而compare…with…是“把……同……相比较”。本句题意是“请把这个句子同那个句子相比较。”故用compare…with…。
2.How much is the population of this city?
简析：How much改为what或How large。在英语中，对“人口”进行提问，应用what或How large。
3.The majority of young people likes pop music.
简析：likes改为like。the majority(of…)作主语，谓语动词常用复数。
4.China is about the same size that America.
简析：that应改为as。the same…as是“同……相同”的意思。根据题意“中国与美国的面积大约相同”。故应用as。
5.The island lies on the northwest coast of Alaska.
简析：将on改为off。在谈论位置时，on强调接壤，off则是“在离……不远处”的意思。根据题意是指“在离阿拉斯加西北海岸不远处”的意思，故应用 off。
(二)翻译填空
1.好习惯应该早期养成。
Good habits should be formed__________ __________ __________ __________.
答案：at an early age
2.5岁以下的小孩仅占总人口的20%。
Children below 5 years old__________ __________ only 20 percent of the total population.
答案： make up
3.学校四周围着篱笆。
The school__________ __________ __________a fence.
答案：is surrounded by/with
4.西藏位于中国的西部。
Tibet__________ __________the west of China.
答案：lies/is in
5.这本书很有用。
This book is__________ __________ __________.
答案：of great use
6.他的谈话结束了。他该走了。
His talk was over and__________ __________ __________for him to be off.
答案：it was time
五、高考真题
1.(2002春季高考)Who is it up__________the first company__________is run by the state?
A.to take charge of;which
B.to to take charge of;that
C.for to take charge of;that
D.to to taking charge of;which
简析：选B。因“该由某人负责干某事”是一个句型，即It is up to sb.to do sth.。在第一空中，是对sb.进行提问，所以不能省掉to。虽有两个to,但它的意义不同。而第二个空是需填入一个关系代词并在从句中用作主语，that和which虽然都有此功能，但当先行词前有序数词修饰时，则常用that而不用which，故第二空应填that。根据题意“这个州开办的第一家公司该由谁来负责呢？”所以选B。
2.(NMET 2001)The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A.they B.it
C.one D.which
简析：选B。本题考查代词it的用法。根据题意“帕克斯夫妇买了一套新房，但在他们搬入之前还需大量的工作。”故选it来代这套房子。A选项指人，不合题意；C项是替代可数名词单数，相当于a/an+ n.;D项是关系代词，引导定语从句的。它们都不切题意。
3.(NMET 2000)—Why don't we take a little break?
—Didn't we just have__________?
A.it B.that
C.one D.this
简析：选C。因为it指代同名同物，不合题意。that一般用于特指，相当于the+ n.。one是代替可数名词单数的，相当于a/an+ n,而该句中需要填入的正是一个表泛指的代词来替代a little break,故选C。D项不合题意，可排除。
4.(NMET 2002)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,__________I will always treasure.
A.that B.one
C.it D.what
简析：选B。“one”在此相当于“a moment”,作“an unforgettable moment”的同位语；one后又接了一个省去that的定语从句，补充说明这一难忘时刻。
5.(2000 上海)Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see__________.
A.who is he B.who he is
C.who is it D.who it is
简析：选D。此题考查了两点：一是名词性从句的语序问题；再一点就是考查it的用法。此处用it代指不明身份的人。
6.(2001 上海)In fact__________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A.this B.that
C.there D.it
简析：选D项。因为it在句子中用作形式主语，真正主语是to keep order in an important football match.又根据句意：事实上，在一场重要的足球比赛中，对于警察来说，维持秩序是一件很难的工作。故而选D。

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