| 英语动词分类记忆 |
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I．主要常用不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能跟宾语。只能用以："主＋谓"结构。 agree disagree quarrel shout cry laugh object sigh talk bargain matter work struggle fight graduate succeed die listen look stare glance hurry ache fever cough appear belong care depend long happen occur explode pause result snow rain go come fall arrive sail dive flow swim travel walk skate jump rise sit stay step wait remain sleep rest head exist live dance II. 延续动词与瞬间动词 表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成, 瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 1) 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历) 2) 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到…" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到…，才……" He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。 典型例题 1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。 2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 主要常用瞬间动词 arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize see throw III.主要及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构. accept receive earn gain lose miss pack fold load achieve admit afford declare announce review broadcast describe discuss doubt suppose correct master mention infer repeat spell practise remind attempt attract invite book bite bake fry milk water pour fill lock fasten brush comb tidy mine bury dig remove plough plant grow cover cut celebrate liberate base change build pump dust clean sweep close tear complete finish contain include damage destroy ruin wipe repair mend fix deliver carry ship cross block tie park pull line list fight struggle defeat defend protect educate train test decide plan design invent examine test experience train introduce follow form perform found hit hold increase reduce discover steal attack wound kill murder starve kiss treat cure desert throw kick devote trust love admire honour respect value desire enjoy comfort calm pity trust support hate dislike greet welcome thank disturb fool serve sentence punish monitor own plate price publish print type prepare put place lay raise lift reach heat warm rule obey praise scold blame save waste score mark sort store spend unite connect limit watch touch press visit wave wear time use total astonish disappoint frighten interest satisfy s eat shock surprise tire bear catch have keep make mean give pick take send consider know hope imagine find prove realize recognize request require say tell sense suggest understand warn state think advice allow ask check direct employ expect forbid force forgive guide hire excuse need notice let like persuade permit promise want wish IV. ．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变 continue begin start advance attend aim awake blow bathe insist interrupt read write roll paint ride report seek root shop face feed hurt gather end clap trade study turn win smoke wash stop try suffer sell shine set sew pay mind join fit float drop delight develop believe divide forget speak eat drown boil bend breathe burn burst climb collect delay double dress fly hide lead land learn inch lack meet measure sing mix open organize marry race record drink spread smooth slow recover ride row improve call clear shut sink fear teach share help cook break compare crowd remember V. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。 escape part operate reach run rush return search settle shoot strike speed stamp play ring hang smell get manage regret draw beat light drive match leave move last stand fail succeed shake knock weigh stick V.主动形式表被动意义的常见动词。基本结构subj+ V+ adv。如，Books of this kind sells well。Your pen writes smoothly。 Your composition reads well。 sell read write wear keep draw cut tear act lock rent wash break cook clean open work out VI．常没有被动语态而容易误用被动式的动词。如，Heavy losses were suffered by them。（错）。They suffered heavy losses。（对） have fit lack suit hold cost suffer last become stand belong to depend on happen take place break out turn out VII．英语中一些常用进行时或现在时表将来的动词。如，The meeting begins at 1：30 in the afternoon。 I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida。I am taking my mum。 come go leave start drive move begin take fall arrive return set off land fly VIII．英语中一些常用过去完成时或过去时表示未曾实现的愿望，打算或意图。如， They had wanted to help but couldn’t afford any time。 ---Why haven’t you bought any butter? ----I meant to but I forgot about it. hope expect mean intend suppose want think IX.形式上主句否定饿而实际上否定转移的动词，这类动词之后可接so或not 代替从句。如，I don’t think they have made their minds，have’nt they？ Is your brother going with you? I think not .或I don’t think so. think believe expect imagine suppose fancy 注意：hope guess fear fancy 不能否定转移，只能说 I guess not 而不能说 I don’t guess so 。 X. 常见的只跟带to的动词不定式作宾语的及物动词或短语。 want wish hope expect would like/love care choose learn desire long plan prepare mean design agree promise offer refuse ask beg demand intend decide determine make up one‘s mind tend bother trouble manage try attempt afford pretend aim try one’s best have no choice but 注意：动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell discover discuss ask Please show us how to do that. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy. command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句： a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. b. We believe him to be guilty. 注意： promise know hope demand 常见的不跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词let, have, make see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find XII．动词及短语后加doing作宾语 V. + doing sth admit appreciate avoid complete consider delay deny endure enjoy escape prevent fancy finish imagine mind miss postpone keep practise recall resist risk suggest face include stand understand forgive excuse defend involve avoid pardon admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to be busy look forward to to为介词）no good, no use, be worth… give up can't help, It's no use /good be tired of feel like be fond of be proud of think of / about put off keep on insist on count on / upon set about be successful in good at take up burst out prevent … from… 举例 (1) Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 注意：动词ing形式与不定式语义不同的有12 组： 1 stop to do stop doing 2 forget to do forget doing 3 remember to do remember doing 4 regret to do regret doing 5 be used to do be used to doing 6 try to do try doing 7 go on to do go on doing 8 afraid to do afraid doing 9 interested to do interested doing 10 mean to do mean doing 11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing 12 can‘t help to do can’t help doing X．表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that… 据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that… 大家相信 It is hoped that… 大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知 It is thought that… 大家认为 It is suggested that… 据建议 It is taken granted that… 被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remember that…务必记住的是 例句：It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. It‘s generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science。 Robert is said to have studied abroad，but I don‘t know what country he studied in。 VX.本身含有“使…”的意义的动词. surprise astonish shock delight worry satisfy please seat disappoint discourage encourage interest marry frighten tire excite move VIX．其后常跟宾语从句且从句里用虚拟语气的动词。 order suggest require request demand propose desire insist advise wish |
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