Unit 2 English around the world要点讲解
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I.Teaching aims and demands
1.Topics
1>.interview the headmaster and other teacher about the school rules
and the ways to learn all the subjects
2>.make a world map of English-speaking countries
3>.collect words different in spelling,pronunciation,or meaning between
British English and American English,to make a list
2.Function: language difficulties in communication
Can you spell that?
Could you repeat that,please?
What do you mean by...?
Could you speak a bit slowly,please?
Sorry,I didn t follow you.
I beg your pardon?
How do you say...in English?
How do you pronounce...?
What does...mean?
Can you say that in a different way?
3.Vocabulary
bathroom;towel;closet;pronounce;broad;repeat;majority;native;total;tongue;
equal;government;situation;international;organization;trade;tourism;global;
communicate;communication;exchange;service;signal;movement;commander;tidy;
stand;independent;fall;expression;typhoon;publish;southern;president;European;
hhowl;cookbook;compare;replace
make oneself at home;in total;except for;stay up;come about;end up with;
bring in;a great many;at the same time
4.Grammar direct and indirect speech:imperative(requests and demands)
II.Key points
1.listening and speaking
1>Write a passage comparing American and British English.
compare
[用法]vt.1. 和...比较,对照(+with/to) 2. 比喻为,把...比作(+to)
[举例]Compared with him, I am a bungler.
与他相比,我只能算是一个笨拙的人。
2>What is it that Joe can t find in the bathroom?
[解析]本句为特殊疑问词开头的强调句型.强调句型的基本构成如下:
It + is(was) + 被强调部分 + that(who) + 句子剩余部分.
[举例]It was in the street that I found the purse.
It is I who should be responsible for the incident.
Why was it that you used to skip classes?
3>Oh,there you are.
there you are
[用法]行了.好了.这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语.
还可以表示"瞧!""对吧(果然如此)!"等语气.
[举例]There you are!Then let s have some coffee.
好了,那我们来点咖啡吧.
There you are!I knew we should find iot at last.
对吧!我就知道我们一定能找到的.
4>You must be very tired.
[用法]这是一种推测,表示"一准是","一定是"
[注意]否定式为can t be
5>We flew all the way direct from Seattle to London.
all the way
[用法]从远道;一路上
[举例]He was so happy that he sang all the way home.
6>You don t need to ask,just make yourself at home.
need
[用法]n. 需要;要求(+of/for)/+to-v
vt. 需要,有...必要
v.aux. (多用于疑问句和否定句)需要,必须
[举例]We have no need to be afraid of them.
我们不必怕他们。
The garden needs watering.
花园该浇水了。(说明:该用法相当于need to be done)
7>Is there anything that isn t clear to you?
[解释]本句中包含定语从句的一种特别情况,即当先行词为不定代词时,关系代词最好使用that.
8>Make up another dialogue for three students and act it out in class.
Make up
[用法]1. 补足 2. 编造 3. 组成
[举例]The whole story is made up.
整个故事完全是虚构出来的。
The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.
医疗队由十二名医生组成。
act ... out
[用法]1. 把...表演出来 2. 把...付诸行动
[举例]We roared when Mary acted out the episode.
当玛丽绘声绘色地描述那件事时,我们哄然大笑起来。
They are determined to act out their ideal.
她们决心把自己的理想变成行动。
9>What do you mean by...?
[解释]本句意为"你说(做)...什么意思?"这里的介词需要注意.
2.reading
1>There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.
majority
[用法]n. 多数,过半数,大多数
[举例]The majority were on Ben s side.
大多数人都站在本的一边。
The majority of boys like football and basketball.
2>An equal number of people learn English as a second language.
a number of
[用法] 很多,后接复数名词,谓语动词亦为复数.
[比较]The number of students absent is five.
有五名学生缺席。
3>The number of people who learn English as a foreign language is more than 750 million.
the number of
[用法]后接复数名词,谓语动词为单数
4>In China students learn English at school as a foreign language,except for those in Hong Kong.
except for
[用法]1.除了...以外 2. 要不是由于
[举例]The composition is quite good except for the spelling.
这篇文章除了拼写以外,其他都不错。
I would go to the party with you except for my broken leg.
要不是因为我腿断了,我想与你一起去参加聚会。
[说明]关于except for和except的用法区别,本栏目有详细解答.搜索可得.
5>English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.
develop
[用法]vt.1. 使成长;使发展 2. 开发 3. 逐渐产生;逐渐养成; 5.使显影,冲洗(底片)
vi.1. 生长;成长;形成 2. 进步;进化 3. 发展
[举例]Swimming develops the muscles.
游泳能使肌肉发达。
The builders are developing that part of the city.
建筑商正在开发这座城市的那个地区。
6>You can use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet.
communicate
[用法]vt.1. 传达;传递;传播(+to)
vi.1. 交流思想(或感情,信息等);交际,交往(+with) 2. 通讯,通话(+with)
[举例]Did she communicate my wishes to you?
她有没有把我的祝福转告你?
We learn a language in order to communicate.
我们学习语言是为了交流思想。
He had no way to communicate with his brother.
他没有办法与他兄弟联系。
7>With so many people communicating in English every day,it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
With so many people communicating
[用法]此为with的复合结构,现在分词(宾补)和people之间有逻辑上的主谓关系.
关于with复合结构,论坛有详解,欢迎前往查看.
have a knowledge of
[用法]对...有所了解
8>In which countries do we find most native speakers of English?
native
[用法]a.1. 天生的 2. 出生地的,祖国的,家乡的 3. 本土的,本国的,土生的 4. (某地)特有的,原产的
n.1. 本地人,本国人 2. (某地)原有的动(植)物
[举例]They are native speakers of English.
他们的母语是英语。
He has been away from his native Poland for three years.
他离开故土波兰已有三年了。
9>The young father told his children to stand still.
stand still
[用法]站在那儿一动不动,stand意为处于某种状态,也有人认为这是一种双重谓语结构.
10>Mother told me to not to leave the door open after midnight.
leave...open
[用法]leave意为听任,使处于某种状态
[举例]He left the windows open.
他让窗子开着。
He will never leave a job unfinished.
他干什么事从来没有不干完的.
11>turn down the radio.
turn down
[用法]关小(音量等);拒绝
[举例]You d better turn down the radio,for the baby is sleeping.
His proposal was turned down.
他的提议被拒绝了。
12>Don t stay up too late.
stay up
[用法]熬夜,不去睡觉
[举例]She stayed up reading until midnight.
她看书看到半夜才睡。
3.integrating skills
1>How did the difference come about?
come about
[用法]发生
[举例]How did this come about?
这事是怎么发生的?
2>There is no quick answer to the question.
[注意]问题的答案,介词常用to
3>In 1776 America became an independent country.
independent
[用法]a.1. 独立的,自治的,自主的(+of) 2. 有独立心的;自立的(+of)
[举例]Many colonies in Africa became independent nations in the 1950 s.
非洲许多殖民地在二十世纪五十年代成了独立国家。
My elder sisters and brothers have moved away from home and are now independent.
我的哥哥姐姐已从家里搬了出去,现在都自立了。
4>For a long time the language in America stayed the same.
stay the same
[用法]stay意为"继续,保持",连系动词
[举例]I hope the weather will stay fine.
我希望天气能持续放晴。
5>British and American English started borrowing words from other language,ending up with fifferent words.
end up with
[用法]以...为结局;结果会...
[举例]It is not right to laugh at the disabled.Maybe some day you will end up with disabilities.
嘲笑残疾人是不对的.也许有一天你也会成为有残疾的人.
6>Except for these difference in spelling,written English is more or less the same.
more or less
[用法]或多或少,有点儿;大约
[举例]His explanation was more or less helpful.
他的解释多少有些帮助。
7>However,most of the time people from the tow countries don t have difficulty in understaning each other.
have difficulty in understaning
[用法]做什么有困难,difficulty可用trouble替代,这里均用作不可数名词
[举例]I had no difficulty in getting in touch with him.
我和他取得联系没有什么困难。
8>American English has changed over the centuries.
over
[用法]在...期间
[举例]My grandchildren will stay over Christmas.
我的孙儿孙女们圣诞节期间将呆在这儿。
9>They started to use English,but they also brought in some words from their own language.
bring in
[用法]产生(利润、进息、收入);进口;引进
[举例]In America,pop singers may bring in millions of dollars each year.
在美国,流行歌手每年可以有数百万的收入.
When we bring in new technology,we also bring in new ideas.
我们在引进新技术的同时,同样引入了新的观念.
4>workbook
1>Hi,long time no see.
[用法]好久不见了.口语用法.
2>It s been nice talking to you.Bye.
[用法]also It s nice talking to you or It s nice to talk to you
[注意]前者多见于分手时使用.后者见面也可以使用.
3>She tole him to shut up.
shut up
[用法]】(使)住口
[举例]Will you children shut up?! I can t concentrate on my work.
孩子们可以请你们闭嘴吗?我没法子专心工作。
Can t you shut your friend up?
你不能叫你朋友闭嘴吗?
4>He told me to move my chair a little bit closer to his bed.
a little bit
[用法]有点;有几分
[举例]You d better speak a little bit slowlier so that you can make yourself understood.
你最好说慢点,这样别人可以听懂你的意思.
你的建议很有效。
5>He has married a Chinese girl.
marry
[用法]vt. 娶;嫁,和...结婚 vi. 结婚
[举例]He is going to marry Jane.
他将与简结婚。
[注意]和某人结婚多长时间了,即表示状态要用be married (to)
6>I wish we could see each other more often,but that s too difficult.
wish
[用法]wish后面的从句应使用虚拟语气,其构成取决于时间
[举例]I wish (that) I had never met her.
我要是没遇见过她就好了。(对过去而言)
7>Not only did Xiaohua learn a lot of English from her Canadian teacher,she also became very interested in Canadian.
not only...but also...
[用法]not only...but also...在连接句子时,not only后面的句子要使用倒装结构.
另外,but also有时仅用but或also或but...too或but...also或but...as well
8>I try to read as many books as I can find about Canadian.
as many as
[用法]和...一样多(复数相关)
[举例]You may take as many as you want.
你要多少就可拿多少。
9>Write a letter in the name of Wang Ning to Mr Smith,who works for the newspaper 21st Century.
in the name of
[用法] 以...的名义
[举例]Stop doing that, in the name of God!
看在上帝的分上,别干了!

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