Unit19 Modern agriculture
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Periods:
Period1: Warming up, speaking
Period2-3: Reading
Period4: Language study, Grammar
Period5: Intergrating skills ,Writing, workbook
Period6: Listening
The First Period
Step 1. Lead-in
1. What do you have for breakfast / lunch / supper?
2. What did your parents have in their childhood?
3. What are the differences between the foods you have now and your parents had in the past?
Step 2. Warming up
As you know, with the time passing by, people’s living standard is becoming higher and higher. As a result their eating habits have charged a lot. Now we are going to know some details about it by watching the graphs.
1. Teach the students how to read statistical graphs:
1) What is the graph about?
(Look at the words above or below the graph.
e.g. Growth of major farm products 1991-95 compared with 1986-90percentages)
2) See what is shown on the x-axis.
（the major farm products. Such as grain, cotton, oil, sugar, meat, fish and fruit)
3) See what is shown on the y-axis.
(the percentages of growth. 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%)
4) Which farm product grew most during the first five years of the 1990s?
(Fruit.)
5) How much did it grow compared with that during the last five years of the 1980s?
(90 percent)
6) Which farm product grew least?
(Grain.)
7) If three million pigs, sheep and cattle were raised during the years from 1986 to 1990, how many were raised from 1991 to 1995?
(4.9 million.)
Step3：Discuss:
1）How are people’s eating habits changing over the years?
Why do you think this happens?
Notes:
A. over the years: 在这几年里
B. do you think: 插入语,经常位于疑问词（组）后，有时也可以放在句尾。
e.g.1) Where do you think our English teacher comes from?
你认为我们英语教师来自哪里？
2)Who do you think the old lady is? 你认为那老太太是谁？
3)What is it, do you think? 你认为这是什么？
2）What effects do you think the changes in eating habits will have on agriculture or nature?
Note:
have an effect on: 对……产生影响
Step 4. speaking
Now let’s do speaking. This part says that a group of farmers in your area have been given a large piece of land. The villagers together with the village leader have to decide how to use the land. Work in groups of five students. Each group member will play one of the roles. Prepare role cards, discuss the problem and try to make a decision. Before discussion, who can give us some useful expressions about giving advice and making decisions?
Giving advice:
S1: My advice would be … . I advise you to do …
S2: I think you ought to …. You’d better ….
S3: If I were you, I would … I would advise you .
S4: I don’t think you ought to … .
Making a decision:
S1: In my opinion, we should … I think \ believe you should …
S2: I don’t think it is necessary to do sth. … . We must decide …
S3: I hope we can make a decision.
Now let’s have a discussion, using the expressions above.
The second period Listening
1. Listen to the tape for the first time to do Exercise 1 in listening.
2. Listen again and do Exercise 2.
3. Listen for the third time and do Exercise 3.
Homework:
1. Revise what we learned today
2. Prepare the reading passage.
3. Do Exercise 3 on P109.
The third period Reading
Step 1.Lead-in
Ask some questions:
1. Are there any students coming from the countryside in our class?
2. Have you ever worked in the fields?
3. Have you ever heard of anything about farming in the past?
Step 2. Pre-reading
1. Now let’s look at the pictures in pre-reading.
Pictures 1 - 4 show us what traditional agriculture is like, and Pictures 5 - 8 show us what modern agriculture is like.
Can you tell us what the advantages and disadvantages of each way are?
advantages disadvantages
traditional agriculture cheap, no pollution low-volume production
modern agriculture high-volume production expensive, pollution
2. What other changes have happened on farms in the last 100 years?
( the use of insect killers, the use of food supplements in animal food, etc.)
Step 3 While reading
Task 1 Scanning:
Q1: What’s the biggest problem to Chinese farmers?
( The shortage of arable land.)
Q2: What does GM mean?
(“G” stands for “genetically”, “M” stands for “modified”)
Task 2 Skimming
A. Answer the following questions:
Questions:
（1）. How much does arable land take up in China?
Only 7 percent.
（2）. How many ways are mentioned to make the land produce more? What are they?
4. Fertilisation; irritation; 2 or more crops are planted each year where possible; more advanced technical information.
（3）. What does new techniques mean?
Those that are used to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
（4）. When did scientist start to develop new techniques?
From the early 1990s.
（5）. How many unusual ways are mentioned to deal with the shortage of arable land?
2. Grow vegetables in greenhouses; GM.
B. Read the passage quickly and tell whether the following sentences are “T” or “F”:
1) For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China changed very much. (F)
2) In China, only seven percent of the land cannot be used for farming. (F)
3) Farmers in China have long used techniques to make their land produce more. (T)
4) More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in 1980. (F)
5) It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. (T)
6) New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to the environment. (T)
7) Future agriculture should depend on high technology without traditional methods. (F)
8) The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of money and modern techniques. (F)
9) Today fewer vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses where they are protected from the wind, rain and insects. (F)
10) GM tries to create plants that produce more and bigger fruit. (F)
Step 4. Language points
1.It + be + 强调部分+ that (人物可用 who / whom) + 句子其他部分.
The farmers produce food on this arable land for the whole population of China.
It is the farmers who / that produce food on this arable land for the whole population of China.
It is food that the farmers produce on this arable land for the whole population of China.
It is the whole population of China that the farmers produce food on this arable land for.
2.make + 宾语 +do
在主动语态中，使役动词make + 宾语+不带to的不定式作宾补，表示“使某人做某事”。但如果用于被动语态，就需用带to的不定式作主语补足语。
3．depend on依靠；依赖于；指望；取决于
1)Whether I will start or not tomorrow depends on the weather.
2)We can’t depend on our parents forever.
3)He is not a man that you can depend on.
4.Not only … but also …连接两个分句时，第一个分句要倒装。
e.g. Not only did the teachers take part in the English party, but also they sang songs at the party.
老师们不仅参加了英语晚会，而且还在晚会上唱了歌。
5．not…but …不是……而是……
What they saw are not cows but sheep.
6.no matter how 引导让步状语从句。意为“不管怎么样”
1) No matter how cold it is, she always goes swimming.
2) No matter how hard he works,he can’t catch up with me.
No matter 后面可接其他疑问词what,where,when,who等，一般认为“no matter+疑问词”结构只能作状语，“疑问词+ever” 结构除作状语外，还作其他成分。
1)Whatever you say,I won’t listen.
2)Wherever he goes,he is welcome.
6．be different from与……不同
A solid is different from a liquid.
7.in other words换言之;in a word总之;have a word with跟……交谈;have words with跟……争吵。
eg. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard--- _____ , you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
Step 4. Post-reading
1. Finish the following passage according to what we learned today.
With the development of modern agriculture, farmers are realizing more and more the importance of protecting nature. Since the early 1990s, scientists have been trying to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production and protect the environment at the same time. Some chemicals can help to produce better crops but are very harmful to our environment. Some have a very good effect on removing weeds but they damage crops at the same time. So new techniques should not only help increase production but also be friendly to the environment. We should depend on high technology and traditional methods as well to develop our agriculture because food production and taking care of the environment are of the same importance.
Step 5. Discussion
Exercise 1.and 2 in Post-reading.
The four period Grammar
Step One: Revision
Let the students retell the reading passage.
Step Two: Word Study
As we all know, word formation is a useful tool in learning English. It can help us enlarge our vocabulary. We can get a noun by adding some suffixes to a verb, for example, form-formation. Now let’s do the following exercise. Complete the following chart and choose one word to complete each of the sentences below.
Step Three: Grammar
Read the instructions: the use of “ it ” (2) for emphasis to the students and make sure they will understand it very well.
1. Rewrite these sentences, emphasizing the underlined parts.
2. Rewrite the sentences below, emphasizing as many parts as possible.
The teacher will do the first one and then the students will do the others in pairs. They can have a short discuss if possible. After that revise the answers together.
Step Four Practice
There are some other useful sentence patterns for you. Please do the exercises.
A.1. It was reported ( 据报道 ) that dozens of children died in the accident.
2. It’s a pity ( 真遗憾 ) that he can’t swim at his age.
3. It is likely ( 很可能 ) that they will beat us tonight.
4. It seems ( 看来 ) that he enjoys pop songs very much.
5. It is still a question ( 还是一个问题 ) when we shall have our sports meet.
6. It is uncertain ( 还不确定 ) whether he can attend this conference or not.
7. It doesn’t matter ( 不要紧、没关系 ) whether we go together or separately.
8. It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not ( 决定是否接受这项工作 ) .
9. It is important for us to learn English ( 我们学英语 ) .
10. It is kind of you to help me ( 你帮助我 ) .
11. It took me five days to solve the problem ( 解决这问题 ).
12. It’s no use arguing with her ( 与她争论 ) .
B.1.It is \ has been three years ( 已经有三年了 )since his father passed away.
2.It was not long before ( 不久 ) the police arrived.
3.It was already 8 o’clock ( 已经8点了) when we got home.
4.It is high time that ( 该……) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
5.It is the first time that ( 这是第一次 ) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
6.It is time for us ( 我们该……) to go to school.
The fifth Period Integrating Skills
Step One: Lead-in:
1. Have you heard the name Jia SiXie before?
2.What was he famous for?
3.What was the great (work) book he wrote?.
4. Do you know what it was about?
5. Where was Jia Sixie born and when did he live?
Yidu, Shandong Province; In Northern Wei Dynasty
Step Two:Reading
Ask the students to read the passage and answer.
1. What advice did Qiminyaoshu include?
2. What should you do as a farmer?
3. What must be done before sowing or planting crops?
4. Why did Jia Sixie let sheep or cows walk on the land?
5. What should we do if we want reach the best harvest?
6. Should wheat planted close together or with space?
Step three:Language points:
1. spend time on something/doing something.
2. go against nature=do things that are the opposite of the natural way.
3. do things at the wrong time of year=do things at a time of year when the weather conditions are unsuitable.
4. year after year=every year.
KEYS TO SOME EXERCISES：
Ⅴ.Choose the right answers:
1-5 BCADA 6-10 BAB AC 11-15BDBBA 16-20 C BBCC
Ⅵ. Error collected.
1.work→working 2.where→that 3.what→how 4.varieties→variety 5.abroad前加from 6. included→including 7.no one→none 8.wearing→to wear 9. no matter what→whatever 10.me 前加to
Ⅶ.Translation
1.For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China didn’t change very much.
2.New techniques should not only increase agriculture production but also be friendly to the environment.
3.No matter how bad the weather is, we’ll have to finish the job.
4. The biggest problem of the children in mountain villages is the shortage of textbooks.
5.Import of machines and technology has helped Chinese farmers improve their production.
Ⅷ.Writing
Unit19 Modern agriculture 预习材料
Ⅰ. Read the passage and answer some questions:
Questions:
1). How much does arable land take up in China?
2). How many ways are mentioned to make the land produce more? What are they?
3). What does new techniques mean?
4). When did scientist start to develop new techniques?
5). How many unusual ways are mentioned to deal with the shortage of arable land?
II. “T” or “F”:
1)For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China changed very much.
2)In China, only seven percent of the land cannot be used for farming.
3)Farmers in China have long used techniques to make their land produce more.
4)More advanced technical information was brought in from abroad in 1980.
5)It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.
6)New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to the environment.
7)Future agriculture should depend on high technology without traditional methods.
8)The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of money and modern techniques.
9)Today fewer vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses where they are protected from the wind, rain and insects.
10)GM tries to create plants that produce more and bigger fruit.
Ⅲ.Finish the following passage according to what we learned today.
With the development of ____agriculture, farmers are realizing more and more the importance of protecting nature. Since the early 1990s, scientists have been trying to develop new techniques to____ agricultural production and _____ the environment at the same time. Some chemicals can help to ____ better crops but are very ____to our environment. Some have a very good ____ on removing weeds but they damage crops at the same time. So new techniques should not only help____ production but also be ____ to the environment. We should ____ on high technology and traditional methods as well to develop our agriculture because food production and taking care of the environment are of the same _____
Ⅳ.Translation
A.1._____ ( 据报道 ) that dozens of children died in the accident.
2._____ ( 真遗憾 ) that he can’t swim at his age.
3. _____ ( 很可能 ) that they will beat us tonight.
4. ______ ( 看来 ) that he enjoys pop songs very much.
5.______ ( 还是一个问题 ) when we shall have our sports meet.
6.______ ( 还不确定 ) whether he can attend this conference or not.
7. ______ ( 不要紧、没关系 ) whether we go together or separately.
8. It is up to you_______ ( 决定是否接受这项工作 ) .
9. It is important _____ ( 我们学英语 ) .
10. It is kind _______ ( 你帮助我 ) .
11. It took me five days______ ( 解决这问题 ).
12. It’s no use______ ( 与她争论 ) .
B.1. ______ ( 已经有三年了 )since his father passed away.
2. _______ ( 不久 ) the police arrived.
3. _______ ( 已经8点了) when we got home.
4. _______ ( 该……) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.
5. _______ ( 这是第一次 ) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
6. ________ ( 我们该……) to go to school.
Ⅴ. Choose the right answers:
1. ---- Will you go skating with me this winter vacation?
---- It ______.
A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depends D. is all depending
2.---- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
---- I_____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
3. _____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
4. ---- I don't like chicken _____ fish.
---- I don't like chicken, _____ I like fish very much.
A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but
5. The student entered the office without _______.
A. being asked B. asking C. ask D. to be asked
6. ______ in Taiwan but also in Hong Kong.
A. He is not only famous B. He is famous not only
C. Not only he is famous D. Not is he famous only
7. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
8. ---- Hey, look where you are going!
---- Oh, I'm terribly sorry. _______
A. I'm not noticing B.I wasn't noticing C.I haven't noticed D.I don't notice
9. I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 98)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
10. You may give the film ticket to _____ you think needs it.
A. no matter who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter whom
11. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_______ it more difficult．（NMET 1999）
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
12. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
13. When he retires, Professor Smith _____ here over thirty years, but his classes are never boring.
A. has taught B. will have taught C. will teach D. teaches
14. —— What made her mother so angry?
—— ____ the exam.
A. Because she didn't pass　　　B. Her not passing
C. She didn't　　　　 D. Because her not passing
15．_____　late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm．（NMET 2001）
A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept　
16. It was for this reason _____ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.　　　　　　　
A. which　　 　 B. why　　 　 C. that　　 D. how
17. Paul doesn’t have to be made _____ .He always works hard.
A .learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
18. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _______ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
19.Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard--- _____ ,you failed.
A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time
20.____ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A .Brave enough students B. enough Brave students
C .Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
Ⅵ.Error collected.
1. Although it started raining, they kept on work in the fields.
2. It is on this arable land where the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.
3. The temperature is controlled with computers no matter what the weather is outside.
4. A varieties of GM water melon will be seedless.
5. More advanced technical information was brought in abroad.
6. All of us, included our head teacher, paid a visit to the museum.
7. No one of us knew when to start.
8. The girl students in our school are not allowed wearing high-heel shoes.
9. I don’t believe no matter what he says.
10. He explained me how to learn computer.
Ⅶ. Translation
1.几千年里中国的传统农业没有发生改变。
2.新的技术不仅应该增加农业产量而且对环境要友好。
3.不管天气多糟，我们也得完成工作。
4.山村孩子们最大的问题是缺少教科书。
5.进口的机器和技术已经帮助中国农民提高了他们的产量。
Ⅷ.Writing

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