情态动词+完成时的特殊含义 |
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情态动词和动词原型连用,多表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度,但情态动词和完成时连用时,多用来表示对过去情况的看法或态度。 1. should+have+过去分词 表示过去“本应该┅”。而实际上该动作并未做,暗示说话人对自己的责备,抱怨或遗憾的意思。 We should have cut away the jungle brush. 我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。 How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied. 我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。 Shouldn’t+have+过去分词表示过去“本不应该┅”而实际上做了的动作。 You shouldn’t have told anyone about it. 你本来不应该告诉任何人。 They shouldn’t have left so soon.. 他们本来不应该去得那么早。 2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去“本应该。。。”而实际上未做。相当于“should + have + 过去分词” You ought to have helped him. 你应该帮他一把。 You ought to have returned these books to the school library last week. 上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。 否定形式oughtn’t to + have + 过去分词 = shouldn’t + have +过去分词 eg. You oughtn’t to have taken his umbrella away. 你不该把他的伞拿走。 He oughtn’t to have been there. 他本不应该到那去。 3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测,译成“一定, 相必,可能”。 What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher. 对这位年轻教师来说,教我这样的学生一定是个巨大的挑战。 Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night. 因为沟里涨满了水,昨晚一定下雨了。 表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词”,一般不用“mustn’t + have + 过去分词”。 Joe can’t have left. I saw him just now. 乔不可能离开,刚才我还看见他了。 The party couldn’t have been successful as you had hoped. 舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。 “must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况推测时,反意疑问句用have (has), 有明确表示过去时间的状语(before 除外) 反意疑问句用did. He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he? 他准把作业做完了。对吗? He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn’t he? 他昨晚上肯定参加会议了,是吗? 4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。用might + have + 过去分词可以用于肯定句,否定句,但不用于疑问句 In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique. 作为报答,我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。 Might he have been caught and killed? 他有可能被抓住杀掉吗? Might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测,有“本应该。。。”,但未实现的动作,含有婉转责备的意思。 You might have listened to me while I was talking to you. You might have let me know before you went out. 外出之前,你应该先告诉我。 5. can (could) + have +过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。“can + have + 过去分词”一般多用于疑问句和否定句, 不用于肯定句。 Can he have gone yesterday? 难道他昨天就已经走了吗? They can’t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them. 他们不可能在森林中迷路,因为我给他们画了一张画。 Bill couldn’t have gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning. 本周末贝尔不可能回家,今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。 “Can (could) + have + 过去分词” 也表示过去“本应该。。。”而未做。。。 John could have read his assignment while he waited for the doctor. 约翰在等医生的时候应该看一下他的作业。 Mary can’t have gone to school. It’s Sunday. 玛丽不可能去上学,今天是星期天。 在表示对过去某事的推测时,可用could/ might / may + 完成时。 They could/might/may have heard the news from smith. 他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。 6. need + have +过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”,有责备的意思。否定形式表示“做了本不应该。。。”的 事 Need you have watched TV last night? 你昨晚有必要看电视吗? You needn’t have woken me up so early. It’s Sunday today. 你没有必要这么早就叫醒我,(因为)今天是星期天。 7. would + have + 过去分词表示“本应该。。。”,而未。。。 We would have argued with you. 我们当时应该与你们争辩一下。 另外:would like to have + 过去分词表示过去希望做。。。,但未。。。 I would like to have seen the film. 我希望我当时看了这部电影。 I would like to have met her. |
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