Unit4 A garden of poems
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【本章重点难点】
Ⅰ．Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组
1．Poetry also calls up all the colours，feelings，experiences and curious images of a dream world．(P.27)
动词词组call up的词义和用法
2．Poems by Du Fu，Li Bai and Wang Wei among others stand out in the halls of Glory．(P.27)
动词词组stand out及形容词out-standing的词义和用法
3．Modern English started around the time of Shakespeare，towards the end of the 16th century．(P.28)
名词time的词义及其构成的常用介词短语用法
4．His sonnets，however，belong to the best English poetry．(P.28)
动词词组belong to的词义和用法
5．Chinese readers admire their works because of their use of surprising images that reminds them of the works of poets such as Su Dongpo．(P.28)
动词词组admire的词义和用法；表示原因的介词because of等词的用法
6．Once published，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line．(P.28)
名词absence及其同源形容词absent的用法
7．The style and atmosphere in their poems has often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai．(P.28)
名词atmosphere和comparison的词义及用法
8．Besides，no matter how well translated，something of the spirit of the original is lost．(P.28)
besides，except，but在内涵上的区别及各自用法；形容词original的词义及用法
9．Reading poetry in English also opens the door to finding new ways of expressing yourself in Chinese．(P.28)
动词express的词义及用法
10．Quietly，we embrace．In a world lit up by words．(P.28)
动词embrace的词义和用法
11．Modern English came into being from about the middle of 16th century．(P.28)
动词词组came into being的词义和用法
12．I also like reading，though I used to avoid poetry．(P.31)
动词avoid的词义和用法
13．I started with small poems，but now I most like long poems．(P.31)
动词词组start with和start as在意义和用法的区别
14．Ask your teacher to recommend poems to you．(P.32)
动词recommend的词义和用法
15．Collect your favorite poems in a notebook and ask your friends to contribute to it．(P.32)
动词contribute的词义和用法

Ⅱ．Language points and grammar focus语言点与语法重点
A．Language points语言点
1．But whether buses or trains，or boarding aeroplanes，there wasn't door she'd get through．(P.25)
由whether...or...引导的让步状语的用法
2．Shakespeare is most famous for his plays．(P.25)
Most famous中的most表示“最”的词义与使用方法
3．Usually remembered for other work than their poetry are eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson．(P.28)
Greatly loved in China，are the English Romantic poets．(P.28)
两个由过去分词置于句首引起的倒装句
4．More and more people are interested to read modern poetry in English．(P.28)
be interested to do sth.与be interested in doing sth.的区别及用法
5．Reading poetry in English also opens the door to finding new ways of expressing yourself in Chinese．(P.28)
介词to后表示有动作的意味时，该词用其动名词形式
B．Grammar focus语法重点
The Past Participle used as Adverbial
用作状语的过去分词

Ⅲ．Skills of the four essential abilities：Listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧
1．Listening：Make clear about the desire，request or the matter one side will deal with in a long dialogue
明确较长对话中一方的愿望、请求或即将要做的事
2．Speaking：Express one's intention and decision
表达一个人的意图和决定
3．Reading：Mastering the accurate meaning of some key phrases is the foundation of having a good understanding of some difficult sentences(2)
掌握词组的确切词义是正确理解句子的基础(2)
4．Writing：How to write an introduction or a review of a poem
如何写一首诗的介绍和评论

【难点解析】
Ⅰ．Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组
1．Poetry also calls up all the colours，feelings，experiences and curious images of a dream world．(P.27)
译文：诗歌还能汇集梦中世界的一切色彩，感情，经历和各种奇妙的意向。
[讲解]call up ①ring up；telephone打电话
②征召……入伍
③(使)回想起；把召唤回来
[例句]
I'll call you up this evening．=I'll telephone you this evening．=I'll ring you up this evening．=I'll give you a call this evening．今晚我给你打电话。
He was called up in 1999．他于1999年入伍。
This song calls up memory of my childhood．=This song reminds me of my childhood．这首歌使我回想起我的童年。
[讲解]中学阶段应掌握的call短语还有：call for(demand，need要求、需要；来找某人)，call out(呼喊)，call in(叫……进来；招来)，call on sb.／call at a place(短暂拜访……)，call back(回电话)。
2．Poems by Du Fu，Li Bai and Wang Wei among others stand out in the halls of Glory．(P.27)
译文：杜甫、李白、王维以及其他诗人的诗歌兀立在荣光宝殿之上。
[讲解]stand out[站立→鹤立鸡群]v.①突出；引人注目；②杰出；出色。同源词outstanding形容词，意为突出的，杰出的，显著的。
[例句或例词]
The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out．
新路标易辨认，上面的字很醒目。
Among writers in China，LuXun stands out as a real master．
在中国作家中，鲁迅最为杰出，是一位真正的大师。
an outstanding young musician一位优秀的年轻的音乐家
3．Modern English started around the time of Shakespeare，towards the end of the 16th century．(P.28)
译文：现代英语诗歌开始于莎士比亚时代，即十六世纪末。
[讲解]time名词，意为①时间②(常用复数)时代。此外还有“次、回、倍”等意思。
[例句]
What time is it by your watch？你的表几点了？
Take the medicine three times a day．服此药一天三次。
The bag is 3 times the size of that one．这个包大小是那个包的三倍。
Mao Zedong's time(s)毛泽东时代
4．His sonnets，however，belong to the best English poetry．(P.28)
译文：然而他的十四行诗是英国诗歌中的至尊瑰宝。
[讲解]belong to意为“属于—to be a member of...；to be connected with...”
[例句]
The book belongs to me．=I own／have／possess the book．
这本书是我的。
That lid belongs to the jar．那个盖子是配这个坛子的。
What party do you belong to？你属于哪个团体？
5．Chinese readers admire their works because of their use of surprising images that reminds them of the works of poets such as Su Dongpo．(P.28)
译文：中国读者赞美他们，是因为他们作品中所用的令人惊奇的想像使他们想到像苏东坡那样的诗人的作品。
[讲解]admire动词“钦佩、赞美、羡慕”—to think of or look at...with pleasure and respect”。
[例句]
He is always looking in the mirror，admiring himself．
他常常对着镜子自我欣赏。
They admired our garden．他们称赞我们的花园。
I admired him for his success in business．我佩服他事业有成。
[讲解]because of介词“因为、由于”，类似的同义词或近义词有：owing to，due to，thanks to，on account of等。注意：介词后要用名词、代词、动名词：because是连词，后面跟句子。
[例句]
He was late because of the bad weather．=He was late on account of／due to／owing to the bad weather．=He was late because the weather was bad．由于坏天气，他迟到了。
6．Once published，his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line．(P.28)
译文：发行后，他的诗作因为行尾不押韵而大获其名。
[讲解]absent形容词①[表语]缺席、不在②[定语]心不在焉的
注意：be absent from + 地点表示“不在某地”
be absent in + 地点表示“外出去某地”
be absent from the meeting“缺席”
be absent in...当主语是无生命的名词时，意为“没有……”
[例句与例词]
an absent look on his face心不在焉的表情
He is absent in Europe．他现在外出在欧洲。
He is absent from Europe．他现在外出不在欧洲。
He is absent from the meeting．他开会缺席了。
He was absent from his work．他擅离职守。
Snow is absent in some countries．有些国家终年无雪。
[讲解]absence名词，意为“不在、缺席”。
[例句与例词]
His absence from school is worrying．他一再缺课真令人担心。
It happened during his absence．事情发生在他不在时。
In the absence of the manager，I shall be in charge．
经理不在时，由我负责。
The visitors to Venice notice at once the absence of noise．
去威尼斯的游客马上会发现那里没有噪音。
7．The style and atmosphere in their poems have often led to comparisons with poets such as Du Fu and Li Bai．(P.28)
译文：他们诗文中的风格和气氛经常使人们把他们的诗作与像杜甫、李白那些诗人的诗歌相比较。
[讲解]atmosphere名词，常用单数，意为“大气层；某一地方的空气；气氛、情绪”。
[例句与例词]
a smoky atmosphere烟雾腾腾
The talk went on in a friendly atmosphere．
会谈在友好的气氛中进行。
There is always an unpleasant atmosphere in the office．
办公室里总有一种令人不悦的气氛。
[讲解]comparison名词意为：相比、对比、对照。常用短语和句型有：by／in comparison with...(与……相比；相比之下)；There is no comparison(between...)(没有什么可比性)；bear／stand comparison with sb.／sth.(比得上某人／某事)。
[例句]
It's useful to make a comparison between two things．
把两件事情相比是有益的。
By／In comparison with him，you are cleverer．与他相比，你更聪明。
My garden doesn't stand／bear comparison with his．
我的花园比不过他的。
—Is he as good as her at English？
—There is no comparison(between them)．
——在英语上，他俩谁更好？
——他俩根本无可比性。
8．Besides，no matter how well translated，something of the spirit of the original is lost．(P.28)
译文：此外，无论翻译得多么精彩，原作中的部分精神也会丢失。
[讲解]现在，我把besides，except，but的区别比较一下：
① except与besides用于肯定句时，except意为“not including除……之外(不再有)”；besides意为“in addition to除……之外(还有)”试比较：
We all passed the exam except Tom．
除Tom没及格外，我们都及格了。(Tom没及格)
We all passed the exam besides Tom．
除了Tom外，我们也都及格了。(Tom也及格了)
注意：besides在句中的位置较活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中；而except多放在句中。
② except前几乎总有all，any，every，no及其复合词等，而besides前可用也可不用，依句意而定。如：
He answered all the questions except the last one．
除最后一个问题没有答外，其余问题都答了。
I have a few friends besides you．除了你之外，我还有几个朋友。
All of them went to Beijing last summer besides Tom．
除了汤姆外，他们去年夏天也都去了北京。
③ except和but都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形，可以互换；但except后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时，but不可替换except。如：
He has always been in high spirits except recently．
除近来外，他总是精神饱满。(副词)
The window is never opened except in summer．
除夏季外，这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语)
He has always been busy except when it is Sunday．
除星期日外，他总是很忙。
④ but，except后都可接that从句作宾语，but，except可以互换。如I asked nothing from him but／except that he should write to me every other week我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。
⑤ 以上比较了except、besides、but作介词的区别，另外，besides还可用作副词，意为“in addition；also；moreover；furthermore而且；还有”的意思。课文中这个句子里的besides就是它副词的用法。如：I don't want to go；besides，I am too tired．我不想去，再说我也太累了。
This is my best suit；I have two other besides．这是我最好的一套衣服，我另外还有两套。
[讲解]original ①形容词，意为“原先的、最早的、最初的；非抄袭的、原版的”，此外original还有“新颖的、独特的、与众不同的”意思。注意：此词无比较级；②名词，(绘画、正式文件等的)原物，原件，原作品。
[例句或例词]
I am the original owner of the book．我是这本书的原主人。
an original painting by Xu Beihong徐悲鸿(所作)原画
an original idea／invention新颖的见解／发明
Where is the original？原件在哪里？
9．Reading poetry in English also opens the door to finding new ways of expressing yourself in Chinese．(P.28)
译文：读英文诗歌还能使你开启一扇大门，在那儿，你可以找到更新的用汉语表达思想的方法。
[讲解]ex英语前缀意为out，press意为“按、压”(原意：“压出”→)及物动词 ①[具体]压出、榨油；②[抽象](把话、感受等从心里压出→)表达、表示。
[例句与例词]
express juice of oranges榨桔子汁
express what you feel表达个人感受
Robert can express himself in Chinese now．
罗伯特现在已经能用汉语表达思想了。
10．Quietly，we embrace．In a world lit up by words．(P.28)
译文：我们静静地相拥在这个用语言照亮的世界里。
[讲解][em(in的变化) + brace(大括号)；原意：“进入括号内”→]vt. ①包括，包含(include)→ ②拥抱、搂抱。
[例句]
The moment she saw his son，she embraced him．
看到她的儿子，她就抱他。
That case embraced 3 people．那个案子涉及3人。
11．Modern English came into being from about the middle of 16th century．(P.28)
译文：现代英语大约形成于十六世纪中叶。
[讲解]come into being(existence)形成、开始存在。为不及物动词短语，所以不可用被动；bring...into being(existence)使……形成、存在。
[例句]
When did the universe first come into being？
宇宙是什么时候开始形成的？
Who brought the new regulation into being？这新规定是谁制定的？
12．I also like reading，though I used to avoid poetry．(P.31)
译文：虽然过去我不愿读诗歌，可现在我愿意读了。
[讲解]avoid v.后接名词、代词、动名词做宾语。意为：①避开、躲避(某人、物)keep oneself away from sb.／sth.；②防止发生(某事)；预防stop sth. happening；prevent。注意：avoid后只接动名词做宾语，不可接不定式做宾语。
[例句与例词]
To avoid being caught in the rain，he ran home．
为了不赶上雨，他跑着回了家。
I think he is avoiding me．我认为他在躲着我。
Try to avoid accident．尽量避免发生事故。
13．I started with small poems，but now I most like long poems．(P.31)
译文：开始时，我读一些小诗，现在我更愿意读长诗。
[讲解]start with意为：“以……开始”；start as意为“作为……开始、开始时是……”
[例句]
We started our English learning with ABC．
我们是以学ABC开始我们的英语学习的。
As a VIP，he started as only a clerk．
作为一名大人物，他开始只是一名小职员。
14．Ask your teacher to recommend poems to you．(P.32)
译文：请你的老师为你推荐一些诗歌。
[讲解]recommend动词，意为“推荐、介绍、建议”，常用句型为：①recommend sth.／sb.推荐某物／人；②recommend sb. sth.／sb.=recommend sth/sb. to sb.把……推荐／介绍给……；③recommend sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事；④recommend + that从句(that从句谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可省略，“建议某人做某事”；⑤recommend sb.／sth. + as／for + 名词，推荐／介绍……当……
[例句]
Can you recommend a novel？你能推荐一本小说吗？
The professor recommended me warmly．那位教授热忱地推荐了我。
The teacher recommended us to read novels in origin．
老师建议我们读原版小说。
They recommended that the match be held in China．
他们建议比赛在中国举办。
He recommended Lao Li as an experienced technician．
他推荐说老李是一个有经验的技术员。
She recommended me for the Party membership．她介绍我入党。
My uncle recommended me to the manager．我叔叔把我介绍给经理。
I have been recommended that medicine。有人向我介绍那种药。
15．Collect your favorite poems in a notebook and ask your friends to contribute to it．(P.32)
译文：把你最喜欢的诗歌收集在你的笔记本中，让你的朋友们也往里面增添些新诗歌。
[讲解]contribute动词，意为“贡献、捐(款)、投(稿)、出(力)、起(作用)、分享(=have a share in)”。常用句型有：①contribute sth.②contribute + to-infinitive③contribute sth. to(towards)sth.④contribute to sth.。
[例句]
Everybody is called to contribute ideas．
要求人人都想办法出主意。
Low wages and high prices contributed to increase the discontent of the people of that country．低工资、物价高增加了那个国家人们的不满。
He contributed all his time and energy to his work．
他把所有时间和精力都献给了工作。
Laziness contributed greatly to his failure．
懒惰是他失败的最重要的原因。
The fine weather contributed to the success of the expeditions．
好天气是这次远征的原因。

Ⅱ．Language points and grammar focus语言点与语法重点
A．Language point语言点
师：下面我将依次讲解在此栏目中点击的五个难点。
1．But whether buses or trains，or boarding aeroplanes，there wasn't a door she'd get through．(P.25)
译文：但无论是汽车还是火车，还是天上的飞机，都没有她能进的门。
[讲解]“whether...or...”用来引导让步状语，意为“无论／不管……还……”，此外，还可说成：“no matter whether...or...”。or后可接not或与前面意义相反的词。另外有些省略了whether...or...结构，已经成为习语，如：sink or swim，rain or sunshine等。
[例句]
Whether you go or not，I will go．不管你去还是不去，我都去。
I am going whether it is raining or not．无论下不下雨，我都要去。
Whether you like or not，you'll have to do it．
无论你喜欢还是不喜欢，你非做不可。
Whether or not it rains，I'm giving a party tomorrow？
不管是否下雨，明天我都要举办一个晚会。
I'll go，whether you come with me or stay at home．
无论你跟我来还是留在家里，我都要走。
Sink or swim，I shall do it．无论成败，我都要承担此事。
The football match will be held，rain or sunshine．
足球赛定期举行，风雨无阻。
2．Shakespeare is most famous for his plays．(P.25)
译文：莎士比亚以他的戏剧最为著名。
[讲解]the most放在多音节形容词前，意为“最”，是最高级的表达形式。但most前不加the，意为：“非常”，等于“very”。
[例句]
This is the most difficult book I've ever read．
这是我读过的最难的一本书。
This is a most difficult book．
这是一本很难的书。(This is a very difficult book．)
3．Usually remembered for other work than their poetry are eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson．(P.28)
Greatly loved in China，are the English Romantic poets．(P.28)
译文：不是因为诗，而是因为其他杰作让人不能忘怀的还有的18世纪的蒲伯和约翰逊等。
英国浪漫主义诗人深受中国人的喜爱。
[讲解]在英语中，有时为了强调句子某个成分而进行倒装，有的把谓语动词提前，有的把过去分词提前，有的把现在分词提前。
① 谓语置于句首。如
I'm going back to Washington to fight for it，believe you me．我要回到华盛顿为此而斗争，你相信我吧。(强调believe)
Go I can't．我不能去。(强调主要动词go)
They have promised to finish the work and finish it they will．他们保证完成这项工作，而且他们一定会完成的。(强调主要动词finish)
② 过去分词置于句首。如：
Also discussed was a proposal to reduce the sales tax...也讨论了减少销售税的建议……(这里倒装是由于句子主语较长)
Also said to be under consideration is a performance in Beijing．据说也考虑在北京举行。(这里过去分词与also连用，全句强调主语performance，倒装也与上下文衔接有关)
③ 现在分词置于句首。如：
Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water．
地球表面上许多地方都布满水。
Attending the party were 700 students from 15 universities and colleges．
参加晚会的有来自15所大专院校的700名学生。
4．More and more people are interested to read modern poetry in English．(P.28)
译文：越来越多的人们对读英国的现代诗歌感兴趣。
[讲解]be interested in doing sth.表示感兴趣的事情不太具体，是抽象概念；be interested to do sth.表示感兴趣的事情很具体。
[例句]
Are you interested in playing football？你对足球感兴趣吗？
I'd be interested to hear your opinion about this．
我到想听听你对这个事情的看法。
5．Reading poetry in English also opens the door to finding new ways of expressing yourself in Chinese．(P.28)
译文：读英文诗歌还能使你开启一扇大门，在那儿，你可以找到更新的用汉语表达思想的方法。
[讲解]注意本句中to为介词，介词to后表示有动作的意味时，该词用其动名词形式。类似的结构还有：be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；devote...to doing sth把……贡献给……；contribute...to doing sth把……贡献给……；look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事。
[例句]
He is used to getting up early．他已习惯早起床了。
He has contributed himself to serving the people．
他把自己的一切都献给了为人民服务上。
He is looking forward to seeing you soon．他正盼望早些见到你。
B．Grammar focus语法重点
The Past Participle used as Adverbial
用作状语的过去分词
本单元课文中出现了许多过去分词作状语的句子，您能把这一语法现象讲解一下吗？
师：无论过去分词作状语还是现在分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都要和主句的主语一致。过去分词与主句的主语应是被动关系。过去分词作状语，表示时间、原因、让步或伴随等，这种过去分词通常相当于状语从句。下面我将举例说明。
1)表时间
(When the metal is)Heated，the metal expands．加热后，这种金属会膨胀。(The couple took good care of the baby while(the couple was)occupied by their work．这对夫妇一边工作，一边很好地照顾这个婴儿。
像第二句那样当强调实践概念时，过去分词之前可用连词when，while。
2)表原因
(As he was)Greatly surprised，he couldn't say a word．
他大吃一惊，一时说不出话来。
(Because she was)Scolded by the teacher，the girl felt unfair．
那姑娘因受老师责备，而愤愤不平。
3)表让步
Even if(I were)invited，I wouldn't go．即使受邀请，我也不愿去。
Though(they were)defeated again and again，they went on fighting．尽管一再遭受挫败，他们仍然继续战斗。
4)表伴随
He stared at me(he was)astonished．他两眼瞪着我，惊恐万状。
Einstein walked along the street，(he was)lost in thought．爱因斯坦漫步街头，沉浸在思索中。

Ⅲ．Skills of the four essential abilities：listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧
1．Listening skills听力技巧
Make sure about the desire，request or the matter one side will deal with in a long dialogue
明确较长对话中一方的愿望、请求或即将要做的事
我们以前学过这类检测点包含明确对话中一方的愿望、请求或即将要做的事的简短对话的听力技巧吗？
师：我们在第一章的最后一节学过应对检测点集中于对话中的“一方要求另一方做某事”的听力题的方法。“一方要求另一方做某事”实际上就是一方的愿望或请求，或即将要做的事。
在第一章这一节里，我们分析过被检测或被设问这类对话的三个特点。①在反映一方的愿望或要求中，肯定有要求另一方做或不做某事的祈使句、建议句或请求句；②一方的愿望或请求反映在他／她否定了另一方的请求或要求后做出的反要求中；③一方的愿望或要求反映在他／她解释性话语的逻辑推理中。
这类检测题与第一章第十节的设问形式一样吗？
师：一样。仍是下列这些设问形式：
1．What does the man／woman ask／advise the woman／man(not)to do？
2．What does the man／woman want／tell the woman／man(not)to do？
3．What does the man／woman order／warn the woman／man(not)to do？
4．What is the man／woman going to do？
5．What does the man／woman wish／promise the woman／man to do？
我们应该熟悉这些设问形式，只要在审题时读到这类设问，就可以立刻确定这段对话的一个重要检测点，那么这类较长对话的另一设问应该用什么有效的方法应对呢？
师：我们应该把从上述设问审题节省的时间用于另一设问的审题，再迅速而准确地确定另一设问的检测点，并且努力从两个设问与选项里找到它们内在的联系。
这类听力题的较长对话有什么共同的特点吗？
师：刚才我已经罗列了这种较长对话的三个特点，根据这三个特点，在听对话录音时，要把主要精力集中在被检测方表示愿望或请求的话语上，从中得出正确答案，同时对在对话中出现的另一设问的检测点的相关线索，也应非常敏感，迅速把握，正确做出判断。
可否用一实例把上面您讲授的审题与听音的方法在解决具体问题的过程中做些演示？
师：请看下例：
1．What is the man going to do soon？
A．Have a sound sleep．
B．Leave for a holiday．
C．Go to heaven to enjoy himself．
2．What does the woman ask the man to do when he gets there？
A．To have a good rest．
B．To write her a letter．
C．To give her a phone call．
请你分析一下这两个设问及其选项给你提供了些什么信息。
从第一个设问中，我们可以知道对话中的男方即将要做的事有三种可能：A．好好地睡一觉；B．外出度假；C．上天堂自得其乐(这纯属无稽之谈，可在审题时就将其否定。)那么听音时，首先该把精力集中在男士表示要做的事的话语上。从第二个设问中，我们可以得知女士请求男士在到那里后有可能做的三件事：A．好好休息；B．给她写封信；C．给她打个电话。因此听音时，应很好注意女士所做请求的祈使句。
师：实际上，你如果细心的话，而且有很强的逻辑推理能力，你基本上不听对话录音就能够选出第一设问的正确答案。你来试试？
从第二个设问里的“当他到那里”这个状语从句表达的意思，第一个设问的正确答案应该是B项，您看我选得正确吗？
师：听完这段对话，你就完全可以自己判断你的答案是否正确。请听下面这段对话：
M：Sarah，I'm going away for two weeks' vacation．
W：Justin，I envy you indeed．
M：No phones，no alarm clocks，no work．
W：Sounds like heaven．What are you going to do there？
M：Play，eat，sleep，just rest．
W：Well，Justin．Drop me a line when you get there before you start sleeping．
听完这段对话，我确信我刚对第一个设问选的答案是正确的。因为对话中的男方在对话一开始就说他要外出度两周的假。随后那女士说她很嫉羡这个男士。男士接下来描述了他在这两周的假期中的美好生活：没人给他打电话，没有闹钟响，用不着干活，多么地惬意呀！然后女士称赞说这听起来真像是天堂中的生活，并问男士在那里打算做些什么事，男士告诉她说他要尽情地玩、吃和睡觉，足足地休息。最后女士嘱咐他说睡觉前记住drop her a line，虽然我以前没学过drop sb. a line，但我可以有把握地说这个词组的词义是给她写封信。因为A项的内容是与睡觉重复的动作，而C项的“给她打个电话”都与前面听到的对话内容不大吻合。所以我选B项。您看我的解题过程使用上面您介绍的审题与听音的方法了吗？
师：首先我应告诉你，你选的答案是完全正确的。然后我可以从你解题的效果来检证你的学习情况的优劣。另外，我还应指出，做这类较长对话的听力题，审题仍是正确解题的前提与基础，而听音过程是验证自己在审题过程中所做的推断是否正确，进一步核实或否定自己审题时的推断。
2．Oval practice口语训练
Learn how to express one's intention and decision
学会表达自己的意图和决定
我们应该如何用英语表达我们的意图或意向呢？
师：表达自己的意图或意向有一些不同的表达方式，有的直截了当，有的委婉和缓，有的语气十分强烈。倘若选择不当，或因不了解西方文化背景，很可能导致本可以避免的麻烦。我们中国人常询问他人：“今天下午你要干什么呀？”“你打算什么时候结婚？”“你准备什么时候把夫人接来呀？我们很想看看她长得是否与你般配呀？”如此等等。虽然这些表达意愿和希望的话语都是关心与友好的表示，但它们很不符合西方人对个人隐私的看法和态度，因为上述询问的事纯属西方人认为个人的隐私，除非是被询问人的至爱至亲，否则应采取“只可闻不可问”的态度。
在英语表示一般愿望时，我们常常用I want to...；I hope to...或I'd like to...，如要表示那些强烈但又实现可能性不大的愿望或是希望过去业已发生的事没有发生的意向时，则用I wish that从句；How I wish that从句；If only...等句式。
要表达的意愿只是一种将来的安排时，英语往往采用下列句式：I'm／We've going to...；I／We plan to...；I will...或I won't...等。
在别人邀请你或要求你做某事，但你不太愿意做某事时，你可以这样表示：I think it will be too difficult to...；I'm not very interested in...so...；I think it will be boring to...；I don't feel like...；I'd rather(not)do...。这些表达方式比较委婉。
我们应该怎样用英语表达我们所做的决定呢？
师：在我们表示所做的决定时，我们常用以下这些表达方式，如：
1．I'm confident I've made the right choice．
2．I'm anxious to know what your decision is．
3．I've definitely decided to go to France．
4．You shouldn't say anything to influence my decision．
5．It took me a long time to make up my mind．
6．I want to persuade you to change your mind．
7．I always refuse to change my mind when I've made a decision．
8．I know it's inconvenient，but I still want to do it anyway．
请您给我们举几个表示意图和决定的对话实例，好吗？
师：请看以下四个表示意愿或决定的对话实例：
[例1]
A：I'm interested to listen to the lecture about the Big Bang and black holes．
B：Why are you interested in that lecture？
A：Firstly because I'm anxious to know what time is，how the universe began and what black holes exactly are；secondly because I hope to see Stephen Hawking，the greatest scientist of our modern time．
[例2]
A：I'd like to know about how the news we read in newspapers is made and written．
B：If you're interested in such matters，you'd better have a talk with Chen Ying or Zhu Lin，two of our talented journalists．They'll help you to know the procedure about how the news is made and written．
A：Could you please let me have a talk with any of them？
B：Sure，I'll phone Chen Ying at once to see when he is free and convenient to talk with you．
[例3]
A：I'd like to know something more about Chinese traditional architecture．Could you please recommend some books about it？
B：Sorry．I'm not interested in that subject，so I hardly know anything about it．You'd better ask Professor Gu for advice．
[例4]
A：I'm anxious to know what your final decision is，to accept the position or to refuse it？
B：I've definitely decided to refuse it．
A：But you could get a good salary if you accepted the position．
B：You shouldn't say anything to influence my decision．I'm confident I've made the right choice this time．
3．Reading skills阅读技巧
Mastering the accurate meaning of some key phrases is the foundation of having a good understanding of some difficult sentences
准确理解词组的正确内涵是提高阅读能力的基础
师：英语中大量的词组经常被使用，是一种极为常见的语言现象。词组的意思往往大大地有别于组成这些词组的单词的词义，如果望文生义，就会造成理解上的偏差、谬误甚至是笑话，因此准确理解词组的正确内涵也是提高阅读理解能力的重要技巧之一。
1．要正确理解英语词组的确切内涵
(1)Many young people are mad about football．
[误]很多年轻人为足球得了神经病。
[正]很多年轻人喜欢足球运动到了发狂的程度。
(2)The man hunted for a job everywhere．
[误]那个男子以到处打猎为业。
[正]那个男子在到处寻找工作。
(3)He's a sort of artist．
[误]他是一种类型的画家。
[正]他有点像个画家。
(4)I'll write the letter in no time．
[误]我不用什么时间就要写这封信。
[正]我马上就要写这封信。
(5)All of us wondered why she burst into tears all at once．
[误]我们大家都不明白她为什么立刻失声痛哭。
[正]我们大家都不明白她为什么突然失声痛哭。
(6)The poor girl cried as soon as she came back to life．
[误]那可怜的女孩一回到生活中就哭起来了。
[正]那可怜的女孩一苏醒就哭起来了。
2．要非常注意英语中那些具备多种意义的词组，而且知晓并掌握其常见用法
(1)Two weeks in the office should be enough to break you in．
[误]在办公室里两个星期应该是足够的使你破门而入。
[正]在那个职务上干上两星期应足够地使你适应这项工作。
(2)Three men held up the train and took all the passengers' money．
[误]三个男人举起了那列火车而且拿走了所有乘客的钱。
[正]三个男人抢劫了那列火车而且拿走了所有乘客的钱。
(3)Don't speak to me at once．One at a time，please．
[误]不要立刻对我讲话，请每次就一个人说。
[正]不要同时(一起)都对我讲话，请每次就一个人讲。
(4)If you keep on working hard like this，you'll succeed in time．
[误]如果你继续像这样努力干下去，你会及时成功的。
[正]如果你继续像这样努力干下去，你迟早／总有一天会成功的。
(5)He can be rely rude(粗鲁)but at the same time his girlfriend can't help liking him．
[误]他虽然很粗鲁，但与此同时他的女友禁不住地喜欢他。
[正]他虽然很粗鲁，但他的女友还是喜欢他。
(6)All the children in the bus took up the song．
[误]公共汽车上的孩子们都拿起了这支歌。
[正]公共汽车上的孩子们都跟着唱起了那支歌。
(7)If you don't look out，you'll catch cold．
[误]如果你不向外看，你会感冒的。
[正]如果你不注意，你会感冒的。
(8)While looking through my examination paper，I found a few mistakes and corrected them．
[误]在浏览我的试卷时，我发现了几个错误，并把它们更正过来。
[正]在仔细检查我的试卷的过程中，我发现了几个错误，并把它们更正过来。
(9)While you're in Beijing，do look up our old teacher，he'll be pleased to see you．
[误]当你在北京时，一定要查找(抬头看)我们的老教师。他见到你会很高兴的。
[正]当你到北京时，一定要去看望我们的老教师，他见到你会很高兴的。
(10)Why can't she learn to live within the limits of her ability？She's always reaching for the moon and getting disappointed．
[误]她为什么就不能学会在她的能力范围内生活呢？她总是伸手去够月亮而且变得沮丧。
[正]她为什么就不能学会在她的能力范围内过日子呢？她总是试图去做那些她力所不及的事，结果弄得自己很沮丧。
4．Writing capacities书面表达能力
How to write an introduction or a review of a poem
如何写一篇关于一首诗的介绍或评论性短文
我们应如何用英语写一篇有关一首诗的介绍或评论性的短文呢？
师：要想写好一篇有关一首诗的介绍或评论性的短文，首先应很好理解这首诗，理解这首诗的每行词句的含义与这首诗创造出的意境，与这首诗给读者在意境及音韵上的美感。然后用以下三段来写你的短文。
第一段 描述这首诗的内容；
第二段 描述这首诗在你心目中的意象及它给你的感受；
第三段 描述你在更深入地思考这首诗时你对它的看法，而且表述你对这首诗的评价。

【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ．根据句意，在空白处填入既适合语境又在语法上正确的单词
1．He usually brings us some funny stories，so as soon as he comes，the _________will change．
2．He is absent _________of his illness．
3．If something _________out，it's much better or much more important than other things of the same kind．
4．If you master the English Language，you will be able to _________yourself in it．
5．He ran away to __________being caught．

Ⅱ．单项填空
1．―My sister is a typist at a foreign firm．
―I know this sort of work __________skill and speed．
A．asks for B．calls for
C．looks for D．waits for
2．Do you know any other foreign language __________English？(MET 1985)
A．except B．but
C．beside D．besides
3．__________his wife，his daughter also went to see him(NMET l986)
A．Beside B．Besides
C．Except D．Except for
4．The discovery of the new evidence led to__________．(上海2003)
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
5．―Dad，I've finished my assignment．
―Good，and __________you play or watch，TV，you mustn't disturb me．(上海2003)
A．whenever B．whether
C．whatever D．no matter

Ⅲ．阅读技巧
英译汉，将下列英语句子译成汉语，尤其要注意每句里加粗的词组，并把它的词义单独译出
1．In order to clear the air，he wrote another letter to explain what his real intention(意图)was．
2．Columbus(哥伦布)discovered the American continent(大陆)by accident．
3．You can't decide whether a plan is good or bad until it is put into action．
4．In the old days，many Chinese children were willingly acting on their parents' advice，but things have taken a different look these days．
5．Joe was a slow student in the beginning，but soon he got ahead of most other students in the class．
6．Mind your own business！He doesn't need your advice at this moment．
7．You can't work around the clock．Too much pressure will harm your health．
8．He offered to help them under the cover of friendship，but behind it he was trying to fish for their business secret．
9．In any culture or country，there're always things that can be said only behind closed doors．
10．Don't make an exhibition of yourself．That'll do great damage to your public image(形象)．

Ⅳ．书面表达练习
阅读下面这首由美国诗人爱默生写的英诗，然后用英语写篇评价这首诗的短文。
A Nation's Strength
Ralph Wall Emerson
Not gold，but only man can make
A people great and strong；
Men who for truth and honor's sake
Stand fast and suffer long．

Brave men who work while others sleep，
Who dare while others fly；
They build a nation's pillar deep
And lift them to the sky．
注：爱默生生于1803年，死于1882年，美国的诗人和散文作家，为先验主义(apriorism)作家的代表。

参考答案
【同步达纲练习】
Ⅰ．
1．atmosphere 本句意为：“他经常给我们带来有趣的故事，所以他一到气氛就变了”。
2．because 本句意为：“他因病缺席”。
3．stands
4．express 本句意为：“如果你精通英语，你就能用英语表达自己”。
5．avoid 本句意为：“他逃跑了以免被抓”。
Ⅱ．
1．B 见hot words and hot phrases 1。
2．D 见hot words and hot phrases 8。
3．B 见hot words and hot phrases 8。
4．C 见language points 5。
5．B 见language points 1。
lead to意为“导致”，to是介词，后加动名词
Ⅲ．
千万不要认为一句话中的单词都认识，就可以很好地理解这个句子。因为英语中很多单词是多义词，而且那些常用词经常在新的组合中有着区别于它们原本的意思，必须学会在具体的语言环境中对它们做合理的推测，必须在日常的学习中不断地认真熟记一些常用词组的词义。日积月累，积少成多，从而提高自己的阅读能力，下面是此练习的答案。
1．为了消除误解，他又写了一封信解释自己真正的意图。
clear the air：消除误解/会
2．哥伦布是偶然地发现美洲新大陆。
by accident偶然地
3．在一项计划未付诸实施前，很难说它是好还是坏。
put...into action把……付诸实施
4．在过去，中国的孩子们都愿意按照家长们的要求去做事，而现今的情况就不大一样了。
act on one's advice按照某人的建议／忠告去做
5．起初乔是个落后的学生，但是很快地他就超过班上大多数同学。
get ahead of...超过……，比……强，领先于……
6．甭多管闲事！眼下他不需要你出的招儿。
mind one's business不要多管闲事。
7．你不能连轴转地干活。太大的压力会危害你的健康。
around the clock日夜不停地，连轴转
8．他打着友谊的幌子，主动帮助他们，但在这个幌子下却在挖空心思地刺探他的商业秘密。
under the cover of...打着……的幌子，以……为借口
fish for刺探
9．在任何文化或国家中，总有一些不能公开谈论的事情。
behind closed doors背地里，私下，不能公开
10．不要让自己出洋相，这样会大大有损于你的公共形象。
Make an exhibition of oneself使自己出洋相
Ⅳ．
反复地阅读了这首两段的英语诗，我们注意到英语诗也有着严格的节奏和韵律。在这首诗的两个段落里，每段都是四行，第一行与第三行含有八个音节，第二行与第四行有六个音节。第一段的一、三两行的尾韵压在[eik]上；二、四两行的尾韵压在[]上。第二段的一、三两行的尾韵压在[ip]上，而二、四两行的尾韵压在[]上。由此可见英语诗也是很讲究节奏与音韵上的美感，读起来朗朗上口。
这首诗的题目为《民族的力量》，在这首诗里诗人热情地讴歌了那些为了真理和荣誉无私无畏地奋斗着的中坚力量，诗歌是这样赞美这些英雄的：
不是黄金，只有人
才能使民族伟大而强盛；
为了真理，为了荣誉，
他们意志坚定，历尽艰辛。

他们无所畏惧，别人睡觉他们做工，
别人逃遁他们大显神勇；
他们深深地埋下民族的支柱，
并将石柱举起支撑天空。
读懂这首诗，我们在【难点解析】中讲述的介绍诗歌的三个段落可以表述如下，仅供参考。
A Review of the Poem A Nation's Strength
The poem entitled A Nation's Strength was written by an American poet named Ralph waldo Emerson，who was a representative of apriorist writers as well as a poet．In this poem he warmly sang high praises of the backboues of a great nation，who，for the sake of the truth and honor，fight and work selflessly and fearlessly．
This poem clearly shows the great image of the nation's backbone：who stand fast and suffer long for truth and honor's sake，and who work while others sleep．There fore，they build a nation's pillar deep，and make a people great strong．After reading this poem，I am determined to become a member of the nation's backbone when I grow up．
Though the poem is short，the ideas it expresses are deep．The language in the poem is simple，but the rhythm and the rhyme are not only beautiful but easy to read aloud and learn by heart．

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