高三总复习之高一Units19-20
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Teaching Design for Unit 19-20 Book One
[教学目的]强化所学知识，温故知新，掌握一定的解题方法。
[教学重点]掌握重点词汇和短语。
[教学难点]同义词辨析
[重点词汇]：promise, pretend, offer, refuse, come out, include(contain), develop, describe, remove, support, cross, character, press, print, tie,
[重点词组]：pick up, agree to sth., lie to sb., throw away, call at, at the same time
enjoy doing, look down upon, to everyone’s surprise, find out, come out, cut…into, find out, the rest of., by doing sth., be+ adj.+ to do.
[重点句型和交际用语]：1. It seems that…. 6. I’m not sure.
2. I don’t think so. 7. Do you call that…?
3. That’s not fair. 8. How did… come out?
4. I believe…. 9. What’s the problem with…?
5. I guess…. 10. too+adj.+for sb./sth…(to do)
课时安排：第一课时：知识梳理
第二课时：词语归纳、拓展
第三课时：创新跨越训练
第四、五课时：《导学教程》练习
[重点语言点详解]
1. 1)agree with “同意,赞成” ，后接人或表示“意见；观点；看法”的词。
1>You’d better agree with your boss/her. 你最好还是同意老板/她的意见。
2>I completely agree with your views on this point. 在这一点上，我完全同意你的看法。
3>They don’t quite agree with my-methods(opinions,idea). 他们不太赞成我的办法。
>>agree with还可表示“与 一致”（气候，食物等）适合。
1>The verb must agree with the subject in person and number.动词在人称和数上必须与主语一致。
2>The climate here doesn’t agree with me. 这儿的气候我不适应。
2)agree to意为“同意 赞成”，后接表“提议；安排；计划”等的词。
1>Both of them agreed to my plan(proposal/suggestion) about the travel.
他们两个都同意我提出的关于旅行的计划（提议/建议）。
3)agree on“对 取得一致意见；在 方面同意或意见一致”，后常跟表具体的协议的文件、计划、行动等的名词。
1>Both parties agreed on the terms of the contract.双方就合同中的条款达成了一致意见。
4)agree to do sth.“同意做某事”
1>We agree to go there.
2>He agree not to attend the meeting.
5)agree + that表示“一致认为，同意”
1>We all agree that his idea is a fine one.我们一致认为他的主意不错。
2. cross
1)adj. 脾气不好的，易怒的
1>He has never heard cross words from his wife.他从妻子那里从没听见过气话。
2) vt. 跨过，穿过
1>If you cross the street alone, please be careful.你自己过马路，一定要当心。
3) n. 十字，十字架
1>The question is marked with a cross.那个问题被标了个十字。
3. pretend vt. + to do/that-clause（不定式和从句作宾语）
1> He lay down on the ground and pretended to be dead when the bear came near.
当熊走进时，他躺在地上装死。
2> She pretended not to have seen me when I saw her.
当我看到她时，她假装没看到我。
3> They pretended to be working hard when the old man entered the room.
当老人走进房间时，他们假装在努力工作。
4> I pretended not to know the secret.
我装着不知道这个秘密。
5> Before the enemy, he pretended that he didn’t know me.
在敌人面前，他假装不认识我。
6> Please don’t pretend that you know everything.
请你不要装着你什么都懂。
3．refuse vt. + n./pron./to do
1>She was sorry to refuse his invitation to the party.
她不好意思地拒绝了他发出的参加晚会的邀请。
2>He refused my help, and tried his best to do it himself.
他拒绝了我的帮助， 尽力自己干了起来。
3>they refuses to tell us their address and telephone number.
他们拒绝告诉我们他们的地址和电话号码。
4>I received an invitation yesterday but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到了一份请贴， 但我拒不接受。
refuse+间接宾语+直接宾语
1>He refused me money.他不肯给我钱。
4．guess
1)动词guess 可直接带宾语，也可接at 介词短语，可接复合宾语或that从句。
1> Can you guess (at) the price?
2> Can you guess (at) his age?
3> I guess her to be over thirty.=I guess that she is over thirty.
注：习惯上在名词answer 或it前不用at。如：He guessed the right answer.（他猜出了正确答案。）You guess it.（你猜猜看。）
注：give a guess或 make a guess均表示“作一猜测”的意思。
2)guess 可用来表示“觉得”，“认为”，=think
1>I guess men’s hands and fingers are too big!
2>I guess it’s going to rain soon.
注：believe, suppose, guess, find, feel许多时候可接 that从句,在意思上相当于think。
5. character
1) a Chinese character意为“一个汉字”。
1>In the beginning (=At first) they used to carve Chinese characters on stones to record important dates in history.
起初他们常常把汉字刻在石头上以记载历史上的重要日子。
2) character表示小说、戏剧、电影等中的“人物，角色”。
1>I find all the characters in his new play amusing and interesting.
我觉得他着部新剧中的所有任务既逗人发笑又很有趣。
2>Jack was a remarkable character.杰克是个不寻常的人物。
3) character表示“特征”，“特性”。
1>What is the character of the chemical?这一化学物质有什么特性？
2>The two problems are quite different in character.
这两个问题在性质上是完全不同的。
4)character表示人的“性格”，“品质”。
1>He is a man of strong character.他是个性格刚强的人。
6. past
1) n.过去
1>He would like people to forget his past.
2)adj.过去的
1>The past week has been very interesting.
3)adv.（从旁）过去
1>They went past without noticing the board.
4)prep.过去，超过
1>It was five past eleven.
2>She is already past eighteen.
7. tie
1)tie to“捆，绑，拴”，也可引申为“约束，束缚”。
1>he tied the horse to the tree.
2>He is tied to his work all day.他整天都被工作缠着。
2)tie up“捆紧”；“绑起来”
1>Please tie up all these boxes.
2>The thief was tied up.
3) tie n.“领带，绳子”，也可引申为使人结合起来的某种“关系”。
1>He was wearing a red tie.
2>Please find me a tie to tie up all these books.
3)We are united by some invisible tie.我们被某种无形的纽带连结在一起。
8.invent
1)invent=create or design something not existing before，“发明”、“创造”
1>What happened before printing was invented? 在印刷术发明以前情况怎么样？
2>Edison invented the electric light. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
[注意]Invent指创造发明以前不存在的东西或方法，指发现不为人们所知但大自然实际存在的事物。
2)invent还可用来表示“虚构”或“捏造”一个情况，=make up or think of。
1>He invented an excuse for being late.他编造了一个迟到的借口。
2>The whole story was invented.整个故事都是虚构的。
9.press vt.& vi.按；挤；压
1>The shoe is pressing my toe.这只鞋挤我的脚趾。
2>If you want to start the computer, press this button.如果你想开电脑，请按此按钮。
3>The little boy pressed his nose against the shop window.
小男孩把鼻子紧贴在橱窗上。
4> He pressed my hand warmly when we met.我们见面时他热情地紧握我的手。
5> I don’t like shoes that press.我不太喜欢太紧的鞋子。
10.print vt. & vi.印，打上印记；印刷，付印，发表
1>The mark of the boy’s shoes is printed clearly in the mud.
哪个男孩的鞋印清楚地印在泥上。
2>That terrible accident was printed on my memory.那次可怕的事故牢记在我的心中
3>The top line of this page hasn’t been properly printed.这页上端一行印刷得不好。
4>This machine prints 2,000 pages in an hour.这部机器每小时印2,000张。
5>The new press prints rapidly.这台新的印刷机印得很快。
11.form
1)form v.“形成”、“建立”、“养成”的意思。
1>These pieces of bamboo or wood were tied together to form a book.
把这些竹片或木片系在一起就成了一本书。
2>A sentence is formed by putting words together in a proper order.
将单词以正确的顺序排列在一起就形成了一个句子。
3>Steam forms (is formed)when water boils.水一沸腾，蒸汽就形成了。
4>They formed(=set up) a trade union to organize all the workers.
为了把所有工人组织起来，他们建立了工会。
5>We have formed (=set up) a class for beginners in French.
我们成立了一个法语初级班。
6> His character was formed in his childhood.他的性格是从小养成的。
7> A good idea formed (was formed) in his mind.他脑子里有了一个好主意。
[注]form the habit of …=fall/get into the habit of…,在意思上接近。get used to…,表示“养成了 习惯”。
He has formed the habit of taking notes in class.他已养成了上课记笔记的习惯。
2) n.“形状，形态”；“形式，方式”；“表格”。
1>Ice, snow and steam are different forms of water.冰、雪和蒸汽是水的不同形态。
2>This verb has two past forms.这个动词有两种过去时形式。
3>Please fill in the form in ink.请用钢笔填写这张表格。
搭配：take the form of…采取…的形式 in any shape or form无论什么形式
12.include
1)include vt. “包括”、“包含”
1>This plan includes most of your suggestions.这项计划里包括了你们的大部分建议
2>The group included two engineers and twenty workers.
这个队共有两名工程师和二十个工人。
[注] include +doing
My job doesn’t include making coffee for the boss.我的工作并不包括为老板煮咖啡。
2)including 作介词，后接名词、代词或名词性从句作宾语。 Included用作形容词，有被动含义，应放在名词/代词之后。试比较：
1>A lot people attended yesterday’s meeting, including 10 foreigners.
2>At least 20 persons got hurt, including 3 policemen.
3>All of us, Gary included, will make a trip to London next week.
13.by+doing “用……方式”、“凭靠……手段”
1>I make a living by teaching English at school.我以在学校教英语为生。
2>The boss has made a lot of money by selling building materials.
老板（通过）卖建筑材料赚了很多钱。
3>We can learn spoken English well by pactising speaking English a great deal both in and out of class. 通过课堂内外大量的讲英语训练，我们可以学好英语口语。
14.promise
1)vt. “答应”、“许诺”。
(1)promise+n./pron. promise sth., promise sb. sth.
1>He that promises too much means nothing.许愿太多的人是不打算兑现的。
2>I’m afraid I can’t promise you anything.恐怕我们什么也不能许诺给你。
(2)promise to do sth./promise sb. to do sth.
1>I never promised to obey her orders.我从未答应过要服从她的命令。
2>Promise me never to trouble me again.答应我决不再麻烦我。
(3)promise+that-clause,有时可带间接宾语。
1>He promised he would never do it again. 他答应以后再不这样干了。 2>He promised that he would pay back the money within two weeks. 他答应两周内还钱。
2)vi.
I’ll try to help him out, but I can’t promise.我将尽力帮助他，但我不能许诺。
3)link-verb, “预示着”、“有可能”
The clear sky promises fine weather tomorrow.请晴朗的天空预示着明天是个好天气
4.n. “诺言”，常作可数名词。
1>It’s easy to make a promise.许愿是容易的。
2>I’m sorry for having broken my promise.对不起，我食言了。
3>Give me your promise that you will never do it again.答应我以后再不那样干了。
[注]make a promise许诺, keep a promise遵守诺言, break a promise.违背诺言
15.too…for… 太过于
1>The dress is too small for me.
2>The question is too difficult for me.
3>The work was too much for him.
16.back to front穿反了
back to front是合成词，由“名词+介词+名词”构成，在句中作状语，如果词与词之间有连字符连接，相当于形容词。
The old man has on his sweater back to front.
联想：face to face 面对面的back to back背靠背的
side by side肩并肩的 hand in hand手拉手的
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩的 neck to neck齐头并进的，并驾齐驱的
相似词语辨析：
1. in surprise, to one’s surprise
1)in surprise意为“惊奇地”常位于动词之后作状语，表示方式。
1>John turned around and looked at me in surprise.约翰转过身来，惊奇地望着我。
2>“A farmer?” said the Frenchman in surprise.“农夫？”那个法国人惊奇地说到。
2)to one’s surprise /to the surprise of sb.意为“使人吃惊的是”、“出乎意料地”，常位于句首，作状语，表示行为的结果。类似的结构有：
to one’s joy/delight/pleasure使人高兴的是
to one’s sorrow使人悲伤的是
to one’s satisfaction使人满意的是
有时为了强调产生某种情感的程度，可在to 后面的名词前加great, deep 等形容词或在to前加副词much。
1>To the surprise of the young couple, they found the necklace missing.
使这对年轻夫妇惊奇的是， 他们发现项链不见了。
2>To their great joy, the sailors saw land at last. 水手们终于见到陆地了， 他们兴奋不已。
3>Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination.
使我非常奇怪的是，她考试没及格。
2. job, work, works,labour
1)job 常指具体一件工作，是可数名词。work泛指所有长期的或短期的需要体力或脑力的工作，是不可数名词，通常与job替换使用。如：
1> He did a lot of useful jobs/work.
2> I can not find work in this town.
3> Thousands of workers lost their jobs when the factory closed.
2)好的工作或特别困难的工作，习惯上用job,另外，quite a job也是表示特别困难的工作。如：
1>He has a good job in a bank.
2>It was quite a job (a difficult job) finding his lost child.
注：make a good/fine job of sth.做得好。
句型：look for a job寻找工作find a job找到一份工作ask for the job想要这份工作take the job接受这份工作
习惯用语：out of a job失业on the job工作着，忙碌着倒霉a bad(good)（幸运）事 do a job on sb./do sb’s job毁了某人
3)works 著作；作品 the works of Karl Marx卡尔*马克思的著作
The Complete Works of Lu Hsun 《鲁迅全集》works of literature and art文艺作品
>>works （建筑等）工程；[军]工事；[用作单或复数]工厂 e.g. public works公共建筑工程，市政工程the Ministry of Works 建筑工程部 defensive work(s) 防御工事 a cement works水泥厂
>>works活动的机件 e.g. clean the works of a clock擦洗钟的机件
>>works （神学用语）善行，德行
4)labour多指艰苦的、紧张的、劳累的体力劳动，也指脑力劳动。一般不用来指具体概念。如：
1>Labour creates the world. 劳动创造了世界。
2>He was well paid for his labour. 他干的活得到很好的报酬。
3. method, way, means
1>二者都可以表示“方法”。way是普通用语，指做事的方法，也可指思想方法，生活方式等。如：
<1>There’s only one way of doing this properly.
<2>The way she spoke hurt me.
<3>What is best way to make tea?
<4>That’s English way of living.
2) method 指系统的、具有一定理论性的方法，强调条理性和高效率。如：
>>method 后面可接to do sth./of doing sth.
<1>We must improve the method of teaching English.
<2>You should use different methods to solve different problems.
>>如果表达用什么方法，常用介词with或by搭配。
If you do it with this method, you’ll succeed.如果你用这种方法做，你会成功的。
>>way表示用什么方法时，常与介词in搭配而means则常与by搭配，也就是说in this way, by this means, with/by this method.
3. everyday, every day
1)everyday adj.常用作定语，意为“每日的；日常的”，如： everyday life（日常生活）,everyday English（日常英语）等。 2)every day是名词词组，常用作状语，意为“每天地；天天地”。
1> He can speak everyday English very well.
2> Teaching the students English is my everyday job.
3> I teach the students English every day.
4> The film is about American everyday life.
5> They go to school every day except Sunday.
[典型例题分析]
例1 I would love____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
分析 此题中would love/like后须跟不定式，不接动名词作宾语，由此可排除C 、D。又 would love to do sth.表示现在或将来的愿望，显然与本题语境不符，因而排除A 。正确答案为B 。大意为：昨天晚上我本想参加那个晚会，但我不得不加班了几个小时来完成一份报告。would love to have done表示希望做但未能做成。
如：I’d like to have come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.昨晚本想来看你，但有人找我，脱不开身。
例2 The house ____ doors and windows are all closed is for sale.
A. of which B. whose C. its D. that
分析 答案为B. 此题中的关系代词whose 指物，可与of which 替换，指人时可与of whom替换。如：
The new machine whose parts (=the parts of which) are too small to be seen is made in Shanghai.零件小得看不见的那部新机器是上海制造的。
>>如果用of which 代替题干中的whose,应写成：
The house the doors and windows of which are all closed is for sale.
门窗紧闭的那栋房子是出售的。
[高考真题选讲]
题1.She pretended _____ me when I passed by. (NMET89)
A. not to see B. no seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
分析 pretend后要跟不定式作宾语，不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加not。因此答案为 A 。
题 2 ---Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
---_______.
A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not
分析 本题答案为D。注意I believe not是省略形式，其完整的含义是I believe that it isn’t going to rain over the weekend.
题 3 ---_____ the sports meeting might be put off. (NMET95)
---Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
分析 该题的考试目标是动词的时态和语态。从it all depends on the weather一句的时态和所告知的内容可以断定，应该用现在完成时的被动语态。答案为A。
题 4 _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It (NMET95)
分析 在英语中为了保持句子平衡，常将较长的主语放在句尾（常由不定式短语或连接词引导的从句构成）。而将先行词it置于句首充当逻辑主语（或形式主语）。本题中真正的主语是that English is being accepted as an international language. 答案为D。
改错题： (carelessness)
1>He didn’t pass the driving test because of careless. After all, he is still a boy.
2>---How much does the book worth? ---$ 10. (is / worth—cost)
3>Do you still remember that afternoon when we spent together? (when)/-which/that
4> This is the girl his parents are both engineers. (whose)
5> He is ill in bed. Let’s go to call ^ him. (on)
6> To our surprises, he has got a good job in the company. (surprise)
7> At last the agreed with our suggestion about the work. (to)
8> He did do the work very well. That’s because he was praised. (why)
9> It’s very difficult of us to get there in time. (for)
10> The boy wanted to smoke, but his mother told him not ^. (to)
11> He gave me some informations on the computer. (information)
12> She is famous for her works and ^ a writer. (as)
13> Words written on animal bones are difficult to be read. ( be)
14> I’d like to be taking to the cinema to see the film. (taken)
15> ---How long have you studied English? ---From 1990. (Since)
16> Now wood is used to making paper. (make)
对比填空：
1. job/work/works
1>In our factory he has a ____ as a cook. (job)
2>I have much ____ to do this evening. (work)
3>Teaching English at school is my _____. (job/work)
4>He’s been out of ____ for nearly two years. ( work )
5>The iron and steel ____ was closed for Christmas. (works )
6> The carved figure is an unusual ____ of art. (work)
2. included/including
1>A lot of students were praised at the meeting, Tom ___. ( included )
2>A lot of students were praised at the meeting, ___ Tom. ( including )
3>All kinds of food are ___ in the shopping list. ( included )
4>The rent is 70 dollars a month ___ water and electricity. ( including )
5>The price ____ postage then. ( included )
3. move/remove
1>He was ___ from his position as chairman. ( removed )
2>After entering the room, he ___ his hat and gloves. ( removed )
3>She ____the sofa to the corner. ( moved )
4>Don’t ___ about while I’m taking your phone. ( move )
5>What do you advise for ____ ink from my clothes. ( removing )
6>The audience were deeply ___ by the story. ( moved )
4. problem/question
1>The ____ is too difficult for him to answer. ( question )
2>The ____ is too difficult for him to work out. ( problem )
3>She couldn’t get the job, the ___ is that she’s a woman. ( problem )
4>---Can you make it that we must get there before 6 p.m.?
---No ______. ( problem )
5>There are many social ____ in America now. ( problems )
6>Last period our teacher ____ us on verbs. ( questioned )
单词拼写：
1. It’s impossible to stop the d_______ of society. (development)
2. He told all his friends about it, i_______ Jack. (including)
3. The wood f_______ tens of years ago. (formed)
4. I have never seen him and his name is also u_______ to me. (unknown)
5. The pot is made of m_______. (metal)
6. The farmers p_______ the oil from these beans. (pressed)
7. Wait a moment. The papers are being p_____ at present. (printed)
8. The teacher asked us to take out a s___ of paper and write words on it.(sheet)
9. The paper is made from fishing n________. (nets)
10. Is the ________ (发动机) made in China or in Japan? (engine)

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