人教新课标高一下知识归纳(U22)

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高一下知识归纳(U22)
1.amusement n.娱乐、消遣、兴趣;快乐的事,娱乐(品)
[举例](1)She looked at me in amusement.她很感兴趣地看着我。
(2)To our great amusement,the teacher sang a funny song during the class.
老师在课堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌,令我们非常愉快。
(3)There were lots of amusements at the fair.
那展览会场有很多有趣的东西。
[拓展]amusement是由动词amuse(使……快乐;逗笑)加后缀ment构成的名词,要注意amuse的用法。
[搭配] amuse sb(with)使某人开心/高兴
be amused at/by/with以……为乐
be amused to do做……取乐
[举例](1)Her story amused the children greatly.
她的故事逗得那些小孩子十分开心。
(2)The girls amused themselves with dolls.
那些洋娃娃使那些女孩玩得很开心。
(3)The audience was amused by the magician’s tricks.
观众被魔术师的戏法逗乐了。
(4)I was very much amused to see the seal perform its tricks.
我被海豹的特技表演给逗乐了。
2.reason n.理由,原因
[用法](1)reason后可接短语,构成reason for sth或reason for doing sth.或直接跟不定式,构成 reason to do sth.其意义都为“做某事的理由/原因”;
(2)reason后也可接定语从句,一般由why引起;
(3)当reason作主语接一个表语从句时,常常用that引导而不用why。
[举例](1)Give your reason for changing the plan.你说说改变计划的原因。
(2)There is reason to believe that he is dishonest.
有理由相信他不诚实。
(3)Do you know the reason why he came late? 你知道他迟到的原因吗?
(4)The reason why we are late is that our car did not come.
我们迟到的原因是车没有来。
3.protect...from...“保护……”“不使受到……的损害”。
[举例](1)We must protect plants from the cold.我们要保护植物不受冻。
(2)We’11 protect you from being insulted.我们将保护你不受侮辱。
4.Environment n. 环境
[举例](1)a shady damp environment.阴暗潮湿的地方。
(2)She tried hard to provide a proper environment for her child.
她为了给孩子一个适当的环境而煞费苦心。
(3)We must protect the environment from pollution.
我们得保护自然环境免于污染之害。
5. prepare vt. 准备;为…准备
[搭配] prepare sth准备某事
prepare for sth 为……而做准备
prepare to do sth 准备做某事
prepare sth for sth 为……准备
prepare sb for sth/to do sth 使某人为……而做准备
[举例] (1) prepare one's lessons预习功课
(2) She said she was going to prepare for her trip.
她说她将为她的旅行做准备。
(3)Have you prepared to go on a trip? 你已准备好去旅行了吗?
(4) I'm preparing my speech for the meeting. 我在为集会而准备演讲稿。
(5)1 prepared him for the bad news. 我教他做好接受那坏消息的心理准备。
(6)Mother is preparing Father to enter the hospital.
母亲已在为父亲做人院准备。
6. sure adj. 肯定的,确信的;一定会……的,有信心的,有把握的
[搭配] be sure of/about 有把握,确信
be sure to do 一定,必然会,务必
be sure that 确信,对…有把握
make sure查明,弄清楚,确信,务必
[举例] (1)He is sure of his success = He is sure that he will succeed.
他一定会成功。
(2)It is sure to rain. 天准会下雨。
(3)He is sure to win. 他定会赢。
(4)Make sure that the door is closed. 确信门是关着的。
[拓展](1)sure为形容词,可以引导宾语从句,表示确信、确定等含义。Certain用法同sure.还有些形容词也可以引导宾语从句。如glad,happy,sorry,pleased等;
(2) be sure of doing sth. 表示主语对做某事有信心;be sure to do sth.
则表示推测,意为主语“一定会”。
7.Be divided into two parts.被分为两部分
[用法]divide为及物动词。“分…” “划分”,通常构成divide sth.into"把……分成,…”,也可以用于被动语态中。
[举例] (1)We must not divide our forces.我们决不可分散兵力。
(2)Let's divide ourselves into two groups.我们分成两个小组吧。
(3)The apple was divided into two。苹果被分为两半。
[辨析] divide与separate
divide和separate都有“分”的意思,但用法有所不同。divide指把整体分为若干部分,separate指把原来联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离开来。
[举例](1)I divided the cake in half.我把蛋糕分成两半。
(2)Oxygen can be separated from water.氧可以从水中分离出来
8.risk vt.冒着……的危险,明知将遇(失败等)而做……
[用法]risk后常接名词或动名词作宾语。
[举例](1)risk one’s neck冒生命危险,赌命
(2)I will risk the punishment.我明知会受处罚也要做。
(3)He has risked losing money to bet on the horse.
他冒了输钱的风险而押了那匹马。
9.takeoff(飞机等)起飞;(动物、鸟等)跃起,跳起,飞起。
[举例]The plane took off very smooth. 飞机很平稳地起飞了。
10.besides除……之外;此外
[举例](1)Besides办his work in physics he spent much time working for human rights and progress.
除了物理学方面的工作外,他还花了很多时间为人权和人类进步而工作。
(2)I don’t like the shoes,besides,they are too expensive.
我不喜欢这双鞋,此外,他们太贵。
[辨析]besides,except,but
(1)besides,except,but作为介词,都有“除……之外”的意思,但用法有些不同。besides的意思是“除……之外,还有……”,是肯定的;而except(but)的意思是“除……之外,没有……”,是否定的。
[举例](1)All came back besides Kate.除了凯特回来以外,其他人也都回来了。
(2)All came back except(but)Kate.除了凯特以外,其他人都回来了。
(2)介词but只能用于none,nobody,nothing,everyone,everything等词之后,下面句子中的except不能用but代替。
[举例](1)The window is never opened except in summer.
这扇窗子除夏季外从来不开。
(2)We have lessons every day except Sunday.除了周日我们每天都有课。

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