高一英语下各单元知识归纳
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高一上知识归纳（U13）
a. suggest 提议，建议
[搭配]suggest + n. / + doing sth．/ (to sb.)that + 主语 + should do
(l)They suggested another development program to the government.
他们向政府提议另一项开发计划．
(2)May I suggest going there by train?
我建议大家搭火车去那里如何?
(3)She suggested (that) we (should) }lave lunch at the new restaurant.
她提议在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐．
(4)I suggested to him (that) he (should) join the club activities.
我建议他参加该俱乐部的活动。
[用法] suggest
suggest 表示 “建议” + 名词, 代词, 动名词.
(1) He suggested a visit to the museum tomorrow.
(2)Did he suggest anything to the boss?
(3) I suggest putting the meeting off.
(4) She suggested sending for a skilled worker to get the machine repaired.
suggest + 疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句, (可用 should, could,不能用 would)
(5)He didn't suggest what to do (where to go, how to deal with it).
(6) He didn't suggest where I should (could) park my car.
(7)What do you suggest we should (could) do?
suggest + that 引导的宾语从句, 从句中用 (should ) + 动词原形.
should 可以省略, 不能用 would, must 等其它情态动词.
(8) The doctor suggested that the new hospital (should) be set up on the hill.
(9)She suggested that the class meeting not be held on Saturday.
在现代英语中, 表示 suggest 具体建议的 that 从句中, 常省略 should,
否定式也可用 don't, doesn't 代替 should not.
(10)I suggest you ask Mr Wu.
(11)I suggest that you don't (not, should not) ask him home for the vacation.
suggest 在脸上表情让人知道他在生气, 并非 "建议".
此时, that 从句中的谓语动词用 was, 不用 should be.
Suggest 的名词形式为suggestion，
(12)Does any one have a suggestion? 有谁要提出建议吗?
(13)His speech was full of suggestion. 他的演说充满了暗示．
名词 suggestion 后表示具体建议的表语从句, 同位语从句同样应用
should + 动词原形, should 可省略.
(14)His suggestion was that the debts (should) be paid off first.
(15)They made a suggestion that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.
suggest 表示 "暗示", "表明", 即 "并未明言, 但看了或看了之后不禁
想到"的意思. 其主语往往代表事物, 而不是人.
(16)His pale face suggests bad health.
(17)Her expression suggested that she was angry (= suggested anger.)
b. contain vt. 包含，包括；<能)容纳，(能)装入
(1)The jar contains sugar. 那个罐子里装的是糖。
(2)The box contains child’s toys．那个箱子里装了那个孩子的玩具。
(3)This book contains a lot of illustrations．这本书中有很多插图．
(4)The auditorium will contain 3000 people. 这座礼堂可以容纳3000人．
(5)How much does this bottle contain? 这个瓶子容量是多少?
[比较] contain与include
contain和include虽然都有“包含”的意思，但contain可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，而include则只能用于表示所含之物中的一部分。例如：
(l)The parcel contained a dictionary. 那包裹里装的是—本字典.
(2)The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里包括一本字典。
c. hurt vt 使……受伤／疼痛．伤害……vi.受伤，疼痛
(l)He jumped from the top of the wall and hurt他从墙上跳下扭伤了腿。
(2)Be careful not to get hurt. 小心不要受伤了。
(3)I’m all right and I'm not hurt. 我没事，没受伤。
(4)These shoes are tight and hurt me(my feet).这双鞋紧得使我(的脚)感到疼痛．
(5)My injured left leg still hurts．我受伤的左腿还疼。
(6)He (His remarks) hurt her feelings.他(他的话)伤了她的感情。
d. a11 the time一直，始终，老是
(1)She kept crying all the time 她一有哭着。
(2)I cough all the time．我老是咳嗽。
e. ripe adj．（果实、谷物等）熟的，成熟的；(人等)老练的
(1)ripe oranges／grain地成熟的柑橘，谷物
(2)The apples are ripe enough to be picked．苹果已经热得可以采收了。
(3) a ripe judgment 纯熟的判断
(4) He is ripe in experience. 他经验丰富。
[拓展] ripe的反义同为green(指果实，谷物等不成熟或无经验)，例如：
(1)These tomatoes are still too green to pick. 这些番茄还未成熟．不能采摘．
(2)I'm not so green as to believe that. 我不至于那么不成热，而去相信那件事．
f．keep up with不落在……后面，跟上
(1)He walked so fast that she couldn't keep up with him.
他走得很快，使得她无法跟上。
(2)keep up with the changes in fashion. 跟上时尚的变化，跟上潮流。
g. be good / bad for 对。。。。。。有好处/坏处
(1)The cream is good for insect bites. 这药膏对于昆虫蜇伤有效。
(2)Watching much is bad for our eyes. 电视看得太多对我们的眼睛有害．
h. base on/upon 以。。。。。。为基础（根据）
(l)You should base your conclusion upon careful research.
你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。
(2)This story is based on facts. 这故事是有事实根据的。
i. choose vt. 挑选，选择，决定
[搭配] choose + sth
+ between / from + sth.
+ sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb.
+ to do sth.
+ that 从句 / wh-从句
(1)He chose a reference book from the library. 他从图书馆中选了一本参考书．
(2)There are too ninny cakes to choose from. 蛋糕太多了，不知要选哪个好。
(3) I want to choose her a nice present. 我想要挑选一件精美的礼物送给她。
=I want to choose a nice present for her.
(4)She chose to stay at home because she had a cold.
因为她感冒了，所以她决定留在家里。
(5)He choose that his son (should) change his school. 他决定让他的儿子转学。
(6)You may chime what you like. 你可以选择你喜欢的东西。
(7)Have you chosen where to go for your holiday yet？你想好了要去哪儿度假吗?
j. short adj. 缺乏的，短缺的，不足的
(1)short weight/measure 重量／材积不足
(2)I'm short of money this week. 我这星期缺钱。
(3)I need filly dollars, but Pm ten dollars short. 我需要五十美元，但还差十美元。
k. refuel vt. vi. 给(飞机、汽车等)补给燃料；给(人等)增加营养、能量
(l)Please refuel the car. 请给小车加油。
(2)We need Io refuel every day. 我们得每天都增加(些)能量。
l. best of all adv. 尤其；特别；最
(1)My father loves golf best of all. 我的父亲特别喜爱打高尔夫球。
(2)Best of all，they taste great! 最重要的是，它们味道特好。
m. had better (not), should (not), ought(not) to 的用法
had better（not）
表示“最好(别)……”，用于向别人提出建议或表明自己的主张、看法；其
后接不带 to的不定式，否定形式为had better not
(1)We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走．
(2)You'd better get some rest. 你最好休息一下。
(3)You'd better not eat fruit that isn't ripe. 你最好别吃没有熟的水果。
Should (not)
意为“应该”多指主观上有责任，有义务干某事，语气比 must稍弱，也比
ought to弱。其否定形式为should not(shouldn't)。
(1)We should speak more English. 我们应该多讲些英语。
(2)Everyone should know some first aid. 每个人都应掌握一些急救的知识。
Ought(not) to
意为“应该”，常指义务，责任做某事，语气比should强烈，其否定形式为
ought not to(oughtn’t to)十动词原形．
(1)You ought not to write carelessly. 你不应当写得这样潦草。
(2)Oughtn’t we to give him a chance to try? 我们难道不应该给他一个尝试的机会吗?
高一上知识归纳（U14）
a. compare vt. , vi.
[搭配] compare A to B . 把A比作B
compare A with B .把A和B比较起来
(l)Try on both these coats and compare them.把这两什外套都试穿看看，比较—下。
(2 )I compared the translation with the original. 我把译文拿来和原文对照一番.
(3)Be rudely compared my homemade bread to a lump of rock.
他把我家里做的面包比喻成硬石块，真是无礼．
(4)My works doesn't compare with yours. 我的作品不能和你的相比。
(5)Compared with /to her mother, she is tall. 和她的妈妈相比，她算是很高了。
b. know of 听说过。知道有(某人或某事)
(l)I know of the man, but I haven't met him. 我听说过那个人，但没见过面。
(2)I don't know the man, but I know of him. 我不认识那个人。但我听说过他。
c. celebrate vt. 庆祝（节日等），过节
(1)How do you celebrate Christmas? 你们如何庆祝圣诞节?
(2)Today is her birthday, so we're going to celebrate it.
今天是她的生日，所以我们要庆贺一番。
celebrate的名词形式为celebration，例如：
We gathered together for the celebration of her birthday.
我们聚在一起庆祝她的生日。
d. dress up盛装，使打扮
(l)We dressed up for the wedding. 我们为参加婚礼而盛装打扮。
(2)The mother dressed her baby up. 那位母亲将自己的宝宝打扮—番。
e. during prep. 在……期间，在……之间
(1)It rained during the day. 白天下了一整天的雨。
(2)She kept on talking during the meal. 整个用餐时间中她讲个不停。
(3)I went swimming in the sea twice during the vacation.
休假期问，找到海水浴场游过两次泳。
(4)Mr. Scott phoned you during your absence.
你不在时，斯考特先牛给你们过电话。
[比较] during 与 for
during与表示“何时”，的用语连用，for则与表示“时间的长度”的词连用．
(1)I was in hospital during June. 我六月间—直住院
(2)1 was in hospital for a month. 我住院一个月。
（3）He stayed with mc for five days during the summer.
那年夏天他与我一起呆了五天．
During 与 in
表示在某时间中所发生的事，during与in都可使用，但有时要注意比较用法。
(l)We’re going on vacation during/in August. 我们八月份要去度假。
(2)He was injured in the match. 他在比赛中受伤了。
(3)He was on the bench during the match. 他在比赛时间内做替补选手．
f. common adj. 普通的，常见的
* common = shared by two or more people, 意为“共有的”，“公共的”．
work for the common good(为公益工作),
work for the common cause (为共同的事业而工作)
* common = usual and ordinary, 意为“普通的”'“一般的”'“平常的”．
the common reader (普通读者),the common people (老百姓)，
a common saying (俗话),a common mistake (常见错误)，
the business of common life(日常事务)
in common表示“共同的”, We have many things in common. (我们有许多共同之处.)
(1) The husband is French, the wife is German and the servant is Italian, but
they have English as a common language.
丈夫是法国人，妻子是德国人。仆人是意大利人，但他们都说英语。
(2) Tom’s trouble is very common to boys these days.
汤姆的毛病是目前男孩子们所儿同的．
(3) They have nothing in common (with each other).
他们(互相之间)没有共同之处。
[区别] common, general ,ordinary和usual在意思上有所差异．
(1) Colds are common in winter. 冬天感冒是很普通的。
(2) I use ordinary gasoline. 我用普通汽油．
common 侧重“普通”．表示“时时发生，人所共有”，井含有“并不高贵．地位低下”之意味．其反义词为rare．
common saying(俗话)．a common wish(一个共同的愿望)．
general侧重“普遍”之意．表示在大多数人或事物中流行并受到关注，不含有“地位低下”之意，其反义词为specific．
ordinary与common基本同义．均指“普通的”．不是特别的。Common指因许多事物或人所共同具而常见的性质；ordinary指由于与一般事物之标准或品质相同而普通的性质，侧重“平凡的普通的”．表示“随时可以碰到．不值得惊奇”，其反义词是superior．
an ordinary(or a common)event(一件极平常的事)，
an ordinary(or a common)person(一个普通人)．
usual用来指事物，意为“通常的，惯常的”，含有“随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生”之意，其反义词为unusual．
如：It's a usual thing with him．(这对他来说是平常事)．
g. believe vt. 相信；认为
(1)I believe him (to be) right. 我认为他是对的．
(2)1 believe his report. 我相信他的报告。
（3）Long ago, people believed (that) the earth was flat.
很久以前，人们相信地球是平的。
[注意]believe接从句，如果所接宾语从句有否定含义时，通常不否定从句而否定believe，与之相似的还有think，suppose、imagine，expect等.
(1)I don’t believe that he is at home. 我相信他不在家．
(2)He doesn’t believe that she knows the truth, does she?
他认为她不知道事实，是吗?
[比较] believe 与 believe in
believe表示“相信事物的真实性或人的诚实”后接名词，代词或从句作宾语，也可接复合宾语(名词+不定式)；believe in中的in是介词，后接名词或代词，表示对某人的信任，对真理， 主张、宗教的信仰。
(1)I believe him. = I believe what he says. 我相信他的话．
(2)I believe in him. = I believe that he is a good man. 我信任他(为人可靠)。
h. create vt. 创造，创作，塑造，制造(事端)
（l）God created the world. 上帝创造了世界。
(2)All men are created equal. 人人生而平等。
(3)Shakespeare created many famous characters. 莎士比亚创作了许多有名的人物。
(4)His words created an awkward situation. 他的话引起了尬尴的场面。
i. play tricks on捉弄，戏弄
(1)The children used to play tricks on each other.那些小孩以前常常互相捉弄。
(2)Don't play tricks on old mere 。别捉弄老年人。
j. take in 根据语境，有很多不同的含义）
(1)Please take the washing in, if it rains. 如果下雨，请把洗好了的衣物收进来。
(2) He took in a deep breath. 他深深地吸了一口气．
(3)He was homeless, so we took him in. 他无家可归，所以我们收留了他。
(4)My mother takes in sewing. 我母亲在家承接缝纫工作。
(5)The tour takes in some famous old castles.
这趟观光旅行包括参观若干著名的古堡。
(6)I couldn't take in why you are angry. 我无法理解你为什么生气。
(7)The salesmen have taken in the old people and made them buy their poor
quality goods. 那些推销员欺骗老人，让他们购买低品质的货物。
k. prepare
prepare vt. 直接带宾语 (表示在准备什么)
1. Mother is preparing a meal while we were doing our homework.
我们在做作业的时候．妈妈在做饭．
2. He is preparing his speech for tomorrow's meeting. Don't interrupt him.
他正在准备明天大会的演讲稿，别去打扰他．
3. The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老师让学生为即将到来的考试作准备．
prepare vi. 与介词 for 搭配, 表示在 "为......作准备".
4. Will you help me prepare for the evening party?
你能帮我为晚会作准备吗?
5. The farmer are busy preparing for the autumn harvest.
农民正忙于准备秋收．
be prepared to do, be prepared for...表示结果,表示 "已作了充分的准备做某事".
6. I'm not prepared (=ready) to listen to your excuse。我不想听你的辩解．
7. He is not prepared (=ready) to accept others' ideas. 他不大愿意接受别人的观点．
8. The students are well prepared for the sports meeting.
学生们为运动会作了充分的准备． (for = to take part in)
9. They were not at all prepared for the bad news.
他们万万没有料到这个坏消息．
其它:
10.He is getting prepared (= is preparing) for the exam.
他正在为考试作准备．
11.He's trying to prepare himself as a basketball player.
他正在为成为一个篮球运动员而努力锻炼．
l．情态动词must, should，ought to, have to
▲ must表示•必须” “肯定”，在表示推测意义的 “肯定”时，只能用于肯定句．如：
1. You mustn't move someone if they are badly hurt．
如果有人受了重伤，你不可以搬动他们。
2． We must get help． 我们必须取得帮助．
3．She must be injured．她肯定受伤了．
▲ should意为•应该”,‘应当”，语气比must稍弱．如:
4. Everyone should know some first aid． 每个人都应当懂得急救知识．
5．You shouldn't．move if you are badly hurt．如果你受了重伤．就不应该移动．
▲ “ought to”意为“应该”，更强调责任、义务．如：
6. Elder brothers should take care Of their younger brothers and sisters.
兄长应该照顾弟妹．
7． Students ought to attend class on time. 学生应该准时去上课．
▲ have to 强调客观上的“必须”。
8．Do you often have to go to the dentist's? 你必须常常去看牙吗?
9．The children don't have to go to school on Saturday. 孩子们周六不必上学．
m. get together为动词短语，常用来指为讨论或社交活动而进行的某种“聚会”
如：
1． Let's get together one evening and talk about old times.
让我们找个晚上聚一聚．谈谈往事．
2． The students of Grade Three got together for an English evening.
三年级的学生们聚集在一起开了个英语晚会。
3． It's a long time since I got together with Robert.
我已经好久没有和罗伯特相聚了。
4．We'd better get together to discuss the students' suggestions. "said the headmaster. 校长说：“我们最好聚会一下讨论学生们提出的建议”。
5．Teachers in our school often get together to have discussions on how to improve their teaching methods. 我们学校的老师经常聚会讨论怎样改进教学方法。
6．”How often do you get together?" asked Mr Smith.
史密斯先生问：“你们多久聚会一次?”
7．He has a large family and all the members get together once a year.
他有一个大家庭，全家人每年团聚一次。
8．On New Year's Eve, when all the members get together, my parents are very happy. 除夕之夜，当全家人团聚在一起的时候，我的父母亲总是非常高兴。
9．It was a very cold evening, but the room was warm and bright with all the members getting together, singing and laughing over the dinner.
这是一个寒冷的夜晚，但屋子里却明亮而暖和，全家人聚集在一起，边吃晚饭，边唱着、笑着。
10．We often miss each other after we part, but when we get together, it seems that we have nothing to say.
我们分别的时候经常互相思念，相聚时却又好象无从说起。
▲get together还可作“收集”解释。如：
11.In the past ten years, Mr Smith got together over two thousand stamps, including Chinese and foreign stamps.
十年以来，史密斯先生收集了二千多张中外邮票。
12. Quick, Tom, get your things together. We'll start off.
汤姆，快把你的东西收拾好，我们就要出发了。
13. In a few years, he got together a good record collection.
几年之间他收集了相当数量的唱片。
14.The little boy got together all kinds of seashells.
这小男孩收集了各种各样的贝壳。
15. The rebel leader auld not get an army together.
叛军领导人拉不起一支队伍．
16.In the darkness, the soldiers can get their things together in less than one minute. 黑暗中．战士们健在不到一分钟的时间内把一切收拾好．
▲ get together也可引伸为“取得一致意见”．如：
17. We finally got together on his suggestion.
我们最后就他的建议取得了一致意见．
18. At last the committee got together on its proposals.
委员会终于就其议题取得了一致意见．
19. Can you get together on raking the plan?
你们能在制订计划上取得一致意见吗?
20. Having got together on the plan, they started their work separately.
在计划上取得一致意见后，他们分头开始工作．
21. They couldn't get together on the plan and quarreled all night.
他们不能在制订计划上取得一致．争吵了一夜．


高一上知识归纳（U15）
a. recognize
作“认出”解，强调从外表上辨认出，指一时性的动作。(瞬间动词) 不同 know
= to know and remember sb. or sth. one has seen before
know是状态性动词，表示知道有这个人并认识他，在一定程度上还对他有所了解，
指长久性的一种情况。如：
1． I know him, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him.
我认识他，但当我昨晚看到他时，我几乎认不出他了。
2. I recognized her voice over the phone. 我在电话里听出她的声音来了。
3. He had changed so much that one could hardly recognize him.
他改变得太多了，几乎使人不认识他。
[注]不能说 I recognized him ten years ago. I knew him ten years ago.或I knew him ten years ago.
应该说:I got to know him ten years ago.
表示“我是十年前(开始)认识他的。”，注意中英文表达上的差异。
recognize 承认, 认可 = to accept as being lawful, real, or having value
4. They recognized the new government. 他们承认了那个新政府。
5. That's recognized method of teaching English. 那是一种得到认可的英语教学法.
6. He refused to recognize her as his lawful heir. 他拒绝承认她作为他的合法继承人。
意识到, 自认 = be ready/ prepared to admit, + that 从句
7. After the accident, he recognized that he was not fit for the work.
事故发生后．他认识到不能胜任这项工作．
8. I clearly recognized from that matter he was far more clever than I was.
从那件事情上我清楚地认识到他要比我聪明得多．
b. hope 与 wish
hope (vt.) + that 从句, 可以达到的希望
+ 不定式 但不能接 “宾语十不定式”．
1. We hope to see you again. = We hope we can see you. 我希望能再次见到你．
2. I hope you can help me with my maths.
希望你能帮助我学数学．(不能说I hope you to help me with my maths. )
wish 想要, 希望 = would like, want
+ that 从句, 强烈而难以实现的愿望
+ 不定式/ 宾语 + 不定式
wish后面接不定式或•宾语+不定式”都可以，其意义相当广“想要’．“希望”(＝would like或want)．wish接that从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的•愿望”，而hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的•希望’．例如：
3. I wish to place an order right now. 我想马上订购．
4. I wish him to make progress. 我希望他取得进步．
5. I wish I could fly like a bird. (用 can *)
但愿我能象乌一样飞．(从句中的could裹示其动作不可能实现．不能用can．)
6. I hope he can do that. 我希望他会干哪件事．
(本句表示有可能实现的一种希望，can不能用could代替．)
wish可表示良好的“祝愿”，后面接“宾语+宾补(形容词或名词)．而hope不能这样用．
7. I wish you happy. 祝你幸福．(不用hope)
8. I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快．(不用hope)
在简略句中，如要表示希望某事不会发生时，应说I hope not，而不说I don’t hope so．
hope用作动词时．后面可接不定式或that从句．
c. accept 与 receive
accept和receive均表示收取所给予、提供或送到的东西，但
receive仅指客观上“收到”，“接到” accept是主观上“接受”，“领受”。试比较：
1. I received a present from Jack, but as I wouldn't accept it, I returned it to the sender.
我收到了杰克送来的一份礼物，但由于我不愿接受，所以我退给了送来的那个人。
2. She did receive your invitation but she refused to accept it.
她确实收到了你的邀请，但她不愿接受。
3. Dr Barker replied to the invitation, accepting it.
Baker先生对这一邀请回了封信，表示接受邀请。
accept还可用来表示主观上“吸收”某人，“承认”或“赞同”某一看法或理论。如：
4. I can't accept (=take) you as my secretary.
我不能聘任你为我的秘书(不能用receive)
5. I can't accept(=recognize) my defeat. 我不能承认我失败了．(不能用receive)
6. He had to accept our explanation. 他只好接受了我们的解释．
7. His new theory was widely accepted/received (= recognized).
他的新理论被广泛地承认和肯定．
8. The young man was accepted/received (=admitted) into the organization.
这位男青年被吸收加入这个组织．
[注]如果不强调主观．而把某事作为一种客观情况来叙述．则receive 也可用来表示“吸收”或“承认”．
receive 自然获得 (= get), 接待 (= welcome), 遭受 (= suffer) 瞬间动词,
accept不能这样用．
It's five days since I received your letter. = I received your letter five days ago
（不能用： I have received your letter for five days. )
9. He received (=got) a good education. 他受到过良好的教育．
10.She received (=got) a doctor's degree at the age of twenty-eight.
她在二十八岁时获得博士学位．
11.You will receive (=get) a warm welcome when you get here. 你到时会受到热烈欢迎．
12.He received (= welcomed) his guests with a smile. 他向来宾微笑表示欢迎．
13.She went to the door to receive (=welcome) her visitors. 她走到门前迎接客人。
14.The soldier received (=suffered) a bad wound in the head. 那士兵头部受伤严重．
d. invite sb. to a place 表示“邀请某人去某处”，to是介词，后面可接表示活动或聚会地点的名词．
invite，b．to do sth 表示•邀请某人做某事”．to为不定式符号．
1． We shall invite one of our friends to dinner tonight.
今晚我们将邀请一位朋友吃饭．
2. I was invited to give a talk at the meeting. 昨天我应邀在会上发言．
e. cost, take, pay, spend
cost v. 花费金钱,时间,劳力, 事物作主语
n. (u. c.)作名词时表示‘成本’、‘价钱”、“费用’，用作可数或不可数名词．
living costs生活费用
the cost of a book一本书的成本
What's the cost of the car? 那辆汽车得花多少钱？
take 花费时间, 事物作主语
1．The composition cost (took) me three hours. 我用了三小时才写成这篇作文．
2. How much did the radio cost you? 这台无线电花了你多少钱?(不用take)．
3. The work cost them much labour. 这件工作花费了他们很大的劳动．(不用take)
4. It took them over two years to build the bridge. (少用 cost)
修建这座桥花了他们二年多时间．
spend 一般用来表示花费钱或时间，主语是表示有生命的名词或代词（一般为人）。
常用”spend…onsth.”或”spend…(in)doing sth.结构。
5. I spent 50 dollars on the camera. 买这只照相机，我花了50美元．
6. He often spent his spare time (in) helping the poor.
他经常利用他的业余时间帮助穷人．
如要说“这件上衣我花了20美元•．可用下面几种表达方法．
7. I spent 20 dollars on the coat. = The coat cost me 20 dollars.
= I paid 20 dollars for the coat. = I bought the coat for 20 dollars.
= I bought the coat at the price of 20 dollars.
pay vt. 付...报酬, 付款
8. Have you paid the doctor yet? 医生的酬金付了吗?
9. You have to pay me first before I do it. 你得在我于以前先付钱。
10.When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还这笔钱?
11.I paid 200 yuan for the radio. 买这台收音机我花了200元。
12. How much did you pay for all these things?
买所有这些东西你一共花了事少钱?
pay vi. 付款, 赔
13.If you have lost it, I'm afraid you will have to pay for it.
如果你丢了，恐怕你得赔了。
14.It was time to pay for the things on the list.
该付款买清单上的东西了．
f. after all
说话人在使用after all这一短语时要强调的是尽管有前面某种情况，但后面这种情况不能不考虑．用来引出对方似乎忘了的某个重要论点或理由．这时after all大多位于句首，意思是“不管怎么说”，“毕竟”．带有‘We mustn't forget．．．”之意．例如；
1. Mary didn't pass the exam, but after all she had done her best.
玛丽考试没有及格．但他毕竟尽了努力．
2. I think we should let her go with her boy friend. After all, she's a big girl now.
我觉得我们应该让她和她的男朋友一块去．她现在毕竟是个大姑娘了．
3. It's not surprising you're tired. After all, you were up until last night.
你感到疲劳不奇怪．你昨晚毕竟到三点才睡．
after all含有"虽然有前面说过的话" 或 "与预料相反"之义 (用在句尾)
4. I did promise I would lend you money, but I'm sorry I can't manage after all.
我确实答应过借给你钱，但实在对不起．我现在实在无能为力．
5. I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I passed it after all.
我原以为我考试会不及格，然而(没想到)我还是及格了。
g. instead 与 instead of
instead (adv.)
instead of (prep.) + n. / pron. / -ing
1．If Harry isn't well enough to go with you, take me instead.
如果哈利身体不好不能跟你去，就带我去吧．
2. Come another day instead. 改日来吧．
3. If you have no jewellery, can't you wear a flower instead.
如果没有首饰的话，就不能戴朵花吗?
4. Last year I went to Japan. This year I am going to Hongkong instead.
去年我去了日本．今年我准备去香港．
5. I will go instead of you. 我代你去．
6. If I hadn't got a headache, I'd be working instead of lying here in bed.
要不是因为我头痛，否则的话我就不会躺在床上而不上班．
不能说：instead to lie
h. marry
marry vt. + sb.
在大多数情况下，marry用作及物动词，表示与……结婚”，•嫁”，•娶”．后面直接带宾语，从来不与with连用．有时可用get married to代替．(get married to sb.)
1. Jack is going to marry Mary. 杰克将和玛丽结婚．
2. His sister married (= got married to) a rich man. 他的姐姐嫁给了一个有钱人．
当marry不带宾语时．更为常见的说法是be/get married
3. They are going to get married. 他们将要结婚．
4. He got married last week. 他上周结婚的．
5. Is she married? ( = Has she got married? ) 她结婚了吗?
marry vi.
6. He married young. 他早婚。
7. She didn't marry until forty. 她一直到四十岁才结婚。
i. try on, put on, pull on
try on 试穿 put on 穿上 pull on 匆匆穿上
1. You tried the necklace on ( tried on the necklace) and it looked wonderful on you. (on)
你当时把项链试戴了一下．真是好看极了．
2. She put on the skirt and looked more beautiful in it. (in) 她穿上裙于，显得更漂亮．
3. He pulled on his overcoat and it seemed just to cover him like a blanket.
他匆匆穿上大衣，就好象一条毯子只是把他的身体遮住．
[注]动词dress也可表示穿的动作．但dress的宾语是人的名词或代词．如She dressed herself／her baby.(她穿上衣服／她替婴儿穿上衣服.)不能说She dressed her clothes．
Wear 不能表示穿的动作，只能表示“穿着”这一状态．如She wears a red skirt today these days．(她今天／这几天穿着一条红裙子．)
wear 表示佩带饰物等
wear glasses, (戴着眼镜)， wear a sword,．(佩着剑)
wear a necklace / flower / watch / gold ring... (戴着项链／花／手表／金戒指)
have on 状态，也表示‘穿着”不能用于进行时．
He had on a red hat. 弹(他戴着一顶红帽子．)
The boy has nothing on. (那孩子一丝不挂．)
(注)有时marry也可用作不及物动词。如：
j. call on和call at
call on后面接表示人的名词或代词，call at后面接表示地方或
场所的词语。试比较：
1. I called on (=went to see) Mr Smith yesterday. 我昨天拜访了Smith先生。
2. I called at (= went to ) Mr Smith's yesterday. 我昨天去了Smith先生的家。
3. I called on the Smiths yesterday. 我昨天拜访了Smith一家人。
4. I called on the doctor's yesterday. 我昨天到了Smith家。
5. I called on the doctor／my sister yesterday．我昨天去拜访了医生。
6. I called at the doctor's／my sister's yesterday．
我昨天去了医务所／我姐姐家。
[注] 注意中英文表达“叫”时的差异。我们可以说I called John to come．I called to John to come或 I called out to John to come．意思是“我大声叫John来。”You may ask him to help意思是“你可以叫他帮忙”，而You may call him to help则表示“你可以高声喊他来帮忙”。You can tell him to come tomorrow一句中的tell不能用call。另外，“他的名字叫Jack”一句应说His name is Jack或
He's named／called Jack，不能说His name is called Jack。
[注] What do you call this in English? 和How do you say this in English? 两句都正确，注意两句的疑问词What和How不能换用。前一句中的call可带复合宾语，What为宾语补足语，不能用How。第二句中的say没有这种功能，How为状语。
What do you call this in English? (call + 复合宾语)
How do you say this in English? ( how 为状语)
k. well
well并不总是表示“好”的意思．有时可用来表示“很”，“相当”，指程度，常与一些特定的介词、形容词、动词连用．这时不能用very，quite或very much等词代替．下面句子中一般都使用
well，而不用very或very much．
1. Mr Smith is well past forty. 史密靳先生有四十好几岁了．
2. I can't reach it. It is well above my head. 那东西我够不着．它高出我头很多．
3. This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读．
4. I don't know him well enough. 我对他了解得还很不够．
5. He is well known in this city. 他在这个城里很出名．
6. It fits you well. 你穿这很合身．
7. I didn't understand his lesson well. 他的课我听不大懂．
l. true 与 real
true可用定语或表语，而real一般只作表语。两者都可用来表示“真的”．而“不是假的”之意．
true 作定语, 表语 ( 真的, 不假, 符合实际的, 忠诚的)
real 只作表语 (真的, 不假, 真正的不是想象的,)
1. That necklace you borrowed from me wasn't a real / true diamond necklace.
你向我借的那条项链并不是真的钻石项链。
2. It's a true / real copy pearl. 那是正本／真的珍珠。
3. Is it true that he has left for London? 他已离开去伦敦的消息确实吗?(用real )
true可表示“符合实际的”，real可表示“真正的而不是相象的”．两者不可换用．如:
4. This is a true story of real life. 这是一个从现实(不是想象的)生活中取材的真实故事。
5. This is a story of a true man. 这是—个根据真人所编的故事.
(real不能用来修饰表示人的名词．)
true可表示“忠诚的”，而real不能表示这一意思．如：
6. A true friend will always help you. 忠诚的朋友会永远帮助你．
7. He is always true to his friends. 他总是忠实于他的朋友。
m. be worth
adj. 不能单独使用, + n. / -ing (不能接不定式 )
be worth doing sth. (动宾关系, 但不能用被动)
1. The necklace was worth 500 francs at the most. 那条项链最多值500法郎。
2. The work is worth our while / the trouble.
我们的精力是值得花在这项工作上的。干这项工作麻烦一点是值得的。
3. The car isn't worth repairing. 这辆汽车不值得一修。
( 不能说..to repair, to be repaired 或 being repaired )
4. She's not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气。
5. The article is well worth reading. 那篇文章很值得—读。
[注]这种结构中的动词—ing形式在逻辑上与前面的主语具有动宾关系。但该动词不能用被动形式，不能说The car isn't worth being repaired．
[注]应该用well修饰worth，不能用quite，very或very much等修饰worth，
如句⑤。再如：It's well worth trying.(很值得-试。)
不能说It's very／quite worth trying．
* 用引导词it作“worth的主语，这种用法可与上一种用法互换使用。如：
6. It isn't worth repairing the bike. = The bike isn't worth repairing. 这辆自行车不值得修。
7. It isn't worth getting angry with her.= She's not worth getting angry with.犯不上与她生气。
8. It's worth visiting the park a second time. = The park is worth visiting a second time.
那公园值得再去一次。
9. Don't get the box down. It isn't worth it. = worth the trouble.
worthless = valueless 毫无价值
valuable = priceless 非常贵重, 无价之宝

高一上知识归纳（U16）
1. in one's opinion 依某人看，在某人看来
[用法] in one's opinion 中的one’s表示不同的物主代词，如your, his, her, their
等，也可以用名词的所有格代替，如Jane’s, Mum's, my teacher’s等，它用来表示个人的看法或意见，并使自己的看法或意见听起来不那么武断，不那么绝对化。
[例] (1)In my opinion, he is wasting time. 依我看，他在浪费时间。
(2)In Charlie's opinion, Americans should eat less meat.
在查理看来，美国人应该少吃一点肉。
(3)In the opinion of most people, there will be a good harvest time this autumn. 根据多数人的看法，今年秋天会有一个好收成。
[拓展]在英语中，in my opinion也可以说in my view，还可用I think／guess／feel等，但前者更为正式些。
2. waste vt. 糟蹋，浪费，徒耗；毁坏，荒废 n. 浪费，徒耗；废物，荒地
(1)Mother told me not to waste money. 母亲告诉我别浪费金钱。
(2)She always wastes her time on trifles. 她总是在琐事上浪费时间。
(3)The fields were wasted by a long drought. 那些田地由于久旱而荒废了。
(4)It's a waste of money to buy that. 买那个东西是白浪费金钱。
(5)A lot of waste from the factory is polluting the sea.
工厂排放出的大量废弃物正在污染海洋。
3. pollute vt. 弄脏、污染
[例] A lot of rivers have been polluted. 许多河流已被污染。
pollute的名词形式为pollution。
(1) air pollution 空气污染
(2) environmental pollution 环境污染
(3)noise pollution 噪音污染
(4)water pollution 水污染
4. use n. 使用，利用，用
[搭配] It is (of) no use doing sth. = It is no use to do sth. 做……也是徒然。
be of use 有用，有效
come into use 开始使用
in use 使用之中，使用着
make(full，more)use of(充分、更多地)使用、利用
[例] (1)It's no use talking. 说是没有用的。
(2)The medicine is of great use. 这药很有效。
(3)Computers have come into use in the class. 电脑已开始应用于课堂上了。
(4)The laboratory is in use until three o'clock.
实验室一直到二点钟都有人使用。
(5)You should make the best use of this chance. 你该好好利用这次机会。
(6)He make use of his free time to learn French. 他利用空余时间来学法语。
5．though adv．可是；倒是；然而
[用法]though作副词讲，一般放在句尾，常用逗号与句子分开。
[例] (1)He said he would come, he didn't, though. 他说他会来，可是他并没有来。
(2) He has a bit cold. It's nothing serious, though.
他有点感冒，不过不太严重。
[拓展]though作“虽然”“尽管”解时是连词，连接一个表示让步的状语从句，从句可放在句句尾。
(1) Though it was so cold, he went out without a coat.
天气虽然很冷，但是他却没穿外衣就出去了。
(2)He will come back for supper，though l don’t know when．
他要回来吃晚饭的，尽管我不知道他什么时候回来。
6．discover vt.发现；看出
[例] (1)When we discover what this thing is, we must work until we succeed.
当我们发现这事情是什么的时候，我们就必须坚持下去直到成功。
(2) We discovered his mistakes too late.我们发现他的错误太晚了。
[辨析] discover与invent
(1)discover的对象是一直存在的，以往末被人们认识或发现。
(2)invent是产生出以前没有的东西。往往是物质性的东西。
[例] (1) Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb.
吉尔伯特发现了电。但爱迪生发明了灯泡。
(2) Paper was invented in China.纸发明于中国。
(3) Who discovered America in 1492? 是谁在1492年发现了美洲大陆的呢?
discover和invent的名词形式为discovery和invention
7．conduct vt.
[用法]conduct作动词为“指导、引导、指挥、传导”等。
[例](1) He conducted me around the museum. 他带领我参观了博物馆。
(2) The young man conducted the tour. 这位年轻人担任该队的导游。
(3) The concert on this evening will be conducted by a world-famous conductor．本周六的音乐会将由一位著名的世界级指挥家担任指挥。
(4) The material can conduct electricity and heat.这种材料既导电又传热。
8．charge vt.
[用法]charge作动词时，有多种词义，具体含义要根据全句的意思。
[例](1) How much do you charge for a room with a bath?
一间带浴室的房间要多少钱。
(2)They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee．
他们一杯咖啡向我要(价)5美元。
(3)The teacher charged him with calling the roll. 老师指派他点名。
(4)Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.
母亲训诫我要诚实，不可偷窃。
(5)The frightened animal charged into the toy shop.
那只受了惊吓的动物冲进了玩具店。
(6)It usually takes ten hours to get the condenser fully charged.
将那个蓄电器充满通常要十个小时。
[拓展]charge也可用作名词，变成很多短语。
[搭配]free of charge 免费的，免费地
in charge (of)... 负责，掌管
in (under) the charge of... 被……管理，由……管理
[例] (1)You get service free of charge. 你可得到免费的服务。
(2)She is in charge of our class. 她担任我们的班主任。
(3)The prisoner was in the charge of the guard.
= The guard was in charge of the prisoner. 囚犯由警卫看管。
9. cross n. v.
[用法]cross作名词为“十字形符号”“交叉点”“混合种／物”；作动词为“越过”“渡过”“交叉”。
[例](1) He wrote crosses on the wrong answers.他在错误的答案上打“X”。
(2) A mule is a cross between a horse and an ass.骡是马和驴的混合种。
(3) Cross the street/river/bridge/desert穿过马路／渡河／过桥／穿过沙漠
(4) The two main roads cross in the center of the town.
那两条主要道路于市中心交会。
10. sharp adj. adv.
[用法]sharp作形容词时指①(刀具等的)锋利；②(言词等的)尖酸、刻薄；③(感觉)敏锐的；④(颜色、图片)清晰的，鲜明的；作副词指(时间)恰好正点。
[例] (1) The boy like to keep his pencil sharp.
那个男孩总是喜欢把铅笔削得尖尖的。
(2) His sharp words seemed to hurt her. 他那些尖酸的话似乎伤害了她。
(3) Dogs have sharp ears. 狗具有灵敏的听觉。
(4) There is something wrong with our TV. The picture is not very sharp.
我们的电视机有问题，图像不是很清晰。
(5) He got home at seven o'clock sharp. 他七点整回到家。
11. tear n. vt. vi.
[用法](1)tear作名词时常用复数形式。为“眼泪、泪水”.
(2)tear作动词时为“撕、扯”，过去式或过去分词为tore，torn.
[例] (1)She shed tears when she was left alone in the room.
她独自一个人在房间时，流下了眼泪。
(2)dry (wipe away) one's tears 擦干(试)眼泪
burst into tears 突然哭起来
in tears (adj. adv. ) 含泪、流着眼泪
(3)He tore the letter into pieces. 他把那封信撕成了碎片。
(4)This paper tears easily. 这纸容易撕破。
[搭配] tear sth. into pieces 将…….撕碎
tear sth. open 将……撕（扯）开
tear sth. in half 将……撕成两半
tear sth. from (off, out of) 将……从……上撕下
tear down 扯下，拆毁
tear up 撕裂，撕毁
12. be made up of由……组成、构成
[比较] be made from 由……制成(原材料看不出)
be made of 由……制成(原材料看得出)
be made into 把……制成……
be made in 在……生长(制造)
be made up of 由……组成(构成)
[例] (1)Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。
(2)The bridge is made of steel. 这座桥是由钢材造的。
(3)Bamboo is made into paper. 竹子可以造纸。
(4)This kind of TV set is made in China. 这种电视机是中国制造的。
(5)The team is made up of ten people. 这个小组由十个人组成。
高一上知识归纳（U17）
1. admire vt. 钦佩，羡慕，赞美，欣赏
[搭配] admire sh./sth. 羡慕／赞赏……
admire sb. for sth. 因……而钦佩某人
admire + that从句
[举例] (1)I was admiring his new car. 我羡慕地看着他的自行车。
(2)I admire him for his honesty. 我钦佩他的诚实。
(3)Remember to admire her new dress. 记着要赞美他的新衣。
(4)We admire that she is beautiful. 我们赞美她的美丽。
2. known adj. 已知的，众所周知的，有名的
[搭配] be known as... 著称，被认为
be known for... 因...而出名
be known to... 为...所熟知
(It is (well) known that... 众所周知……
[举例](1)He is known as a good teacher. 他被认为是个好老师。
(2)The boy is known for his good handwriting. 那个男孩因为书法好而出名。
(3)The singer is well known to the younger generation.
这位歌手广为年轻的一代所知。
(4) It is well known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知台湾是属于中国的。
3. inspire vt. 激励，鼓舞，感动，引发
[搭配] inspire sb. 激励、鼓舞某人
inspire sb. to sth. 激励某人某事
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
[举例] (1)We were inspired by his speech. 我们为他的演说所激励。
(2)The teacher inspired us to greater efforts. 老师激励我们更加努力。
(3)His friend's words inspired him to try again.
他朋友的话使他振奋起来再试一次。
4. keep doing sth. 继续做某事，不断做某事
[举例](1)He kept running after her, trying to catch her.
他一直在追她，想要抓住她。
(2)The telephone kept ringing until I answered.
电话铃声一直响着，直到我去接才停。
[比较] keep doing sth. , keep on doing sth. , keep... doing sth. ,
keep... from doing sth.
(1) keep doing sth．与keep on doing sth．
都是继续做某事，但前者强调动作的重复性或决心，后者则强调动作的连贯.
(2)keep．.．doing sth．为“让……继续做某事”，而keep.．．from doing sth．为“不使／不让／阻止．．．做某事”。
[举例](1) He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all morning.
他患重感冒，整个上午不停地咳嗽。
(2)Although it started raining, we kept on working.
尽管下起雨来了，我们仍然继续干活。
(3) She kept me waiting for half an hour.她让我等了半个钟头。
(4) His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.
他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。
5. imagine v. 想像、设想、认为、感觉、猜测
[用法]imagine后可接名词、动名词、宾语从句或接复合宾语，但不能直接接不定式宾语。
[举例] (1)We all imagined her safe. 我们都料想她安然无恙。
(2)Can you imagine me swimming crossing the East Lake?
你能想像我横渡东湖的情形吗?
(3)I can't imagine what you mean. 我猜不出你的意思。
(4)Just imagine how happy he was! 想一想，他多么幸福啊!
(5)I couldn't imagine his saying so. 我想像不出他会那么说。
[拓展]当imagine，think，believe，suppose，expect等词接宾语从句为否定意义的时候，要否定主句谓语动词。例如：
(1)I don't imagine he will attend the meeting．我猜想，他将不会来参加会议了。
(2)I don’t think he is right，is he? 我认为他是不对的，对吗?
6. Put up举起；挂起；搭起；建造；住宿、过夜
[举例] (1)He wrote a number in his exercise-book and put up his hand.
他在练习本上写下一个数字，接着举起手来。
(2) Who put up the map? 谁把这张地图挂起来了?
（3）big building has been put up in my hometown.
我的家乡盖起了一座大楼。
(4) You can put up here for the night.你可在这儿过夜。
7． Lie down躺下休息，睡觉；顺从，屈服
[举例](1) She lay down on the sofa for half an hour.
她躺在沙发上休息了半个小时。
(2) I hope you don't expect me just to lie down.我希望你别指望我屈服。
[记忆]lie作”躺，卧”时，其过去式、过去分词，现在分词为lie-lay--lain--lying；作“撒谎”时，动词形式分别为lie--lied--lied--lying；
动词lay为“放置”，其动词形式分别为lay—laid—laid—laying。
8．Top n。 顶部；(物的)上面
[搭配] at the top of...的顶部
at the top of one's voice高声喊(叫)
on top of... 在……顶部／上方
[举例](1) In a few minutes, the boy was at the top of the tree.
没几分钟，男孩就爬到树梢。
(2) The children are repeating the lessons at the top of their voices.孩子们在高声念书。
(3)If you go to Salt Lake City, you can see a monument with seagulls on top of it.
如果你去盐湖城，你会看见有一座纪念碑，顶部上立着海鸥的雕像。
(4) The top of the mountain is covered with snow. 山顶被雪覆盖。
9. none pron. 一个人也没有；没有任何东西
[举例](1) None of us are (is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难.
(2)There is none of it left. 那东西一点儿也没有剩下。
[用法](1)none作主语，代替不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它代替可数名词时，动词用单、复数都可以；但在系表句型中，如果表语为复数，则要用复数形式。如：
None of this money is mine. 这些钱一个也不是我的。
None of them has (have) got a bike. 他们谁都／全都没有自行车。
None of us are workers. 我们谁也不是工人。
(2)作宾语。例如：
I liked none of the books.这些书我全不喜欢.
(3)作同位语。例如：
We none of us send anything to him. 我们谁也没有送东西给他。
10．when adv．
[用法] (1)作疑问副词“什么时候；何时”；
(2)作关系副词“在……时候”，引导定语从句；
(3)作连词“当……的时候…6g即扒这时”，引导状语从句。
[举例] (1) When does your mother go to work?你妈妈什么时候上班?
(2) Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.
你还记得十年前的一个下午我到你家借钻石项链的事吗?
(3)When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
我们到车站时，火车已开走了。
(4)I was walking along the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
我正在马路上走着，这时忽然有一个人从后面拍了拍我的肩膀。
(5)We were about to start, when a strong wind came up and it began to rain.
我们正要出发，这时刮起了大风并开始下起雨来。
11. regret n. v. 可惜、后悔、惋惜
[用法]regret作名词，经常与at，about，over等介词连用，例如：
(1)I felt regret at her absence. 她没来让我好失望。
(2) We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。
(3)I felt great regret about what I had said to him.
我真后悔对他说了那些话。
(3) I express my deep regret at/over your mother' s death.
对于令堂的过世，我深感哀悼。
[搭配] regret sth./that对……感到遗憾、悔恨、哀悼
regret doing sth. 对(已发生的事情)感到后悔、遗憾
regret to say/tell/inform.., that 对要说的事表示抱歉
It is to be regretted that... 可惜的是……，令人遗憾的是……
[举例] (1) He regretted his carelessness. 他对自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。
(2)I regret that I can't come today. 我很遗憾我今天不能来.
(3)1 regretted telling her the news. 我为告诉了她这消息而感到后悔。
(4)I regret to say that I cannot help you. 很抱歉，我不能帮你的忙。
(5)It is to be regretted that he can't attend the meeting,
真可惜，他不能参加会议。
12．认承诺，允诺，答应
[搭配] keep／hold one’s promise遵守诺言
break one's promise 违背诺言
give／make a promise 许诺
promise(sb)to do sth．答应(某人)做某事
promise(sb．)+ that从句
[举例](1) I made a promise to get him a picture book.他答应给他买一本连环画。
(2)I made a promise that if anyone set me free，1 would make him very rich．
我许下诺言如果谁把我释放了，我会使他富起来。
(3) He promised me a quick answer. 他答应我从速答复。
(4) He promised me to come early.他答应我早点来。
(5)We promised him that we would buy a dictionary for him.
我们答应他我们给他买本字典。
13．value n.价值 认评价
[用法](1)value用作名词，意为“价值”“代价”；
(2)value作动词意为“评价”“评估”“珍惜”(视)”。
[举例](1) Such a magazine has little value except when you have time to kill.
像这样的杂志除了消磨时间以外并没有什么价值。
(2) We must realize the value of the book.
我们必须意识到这本书的价值(重要性)。
(3) This watch is good value for your money.你这只手表钱花得值。
(4)This dictionary is of great value to students.
这本词典对学生很有价值。
(5) How do you value him as a writer? 照你的评价他是个怎样的作家?
(6) I value your friendship very highly.我非常珍惜你的友情。
高一上知识归纳（U18）
1．run vi．(物)延伸，扩展；(事情)继续。
[举例](1) The road runs along the river. 那条道路沿着河流延伸。
(2) The ivy runs along the hedge. 常春藤沿着篱笆攀爬。
(3) The musical play has been running for five years.
那出音乐剧已经连续演了五年。
[搭配] run across 偶然遇见；跑过 run after 追求，追逐
run against与……相撞 run at 向……冲去
run away 逃跑，跑 run back to 追溯到
run out of 用完 run up to (数目)达到……
2．be made up of 由．．．．组成
[举例] Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班由六个小组组成。
[比较] be made up of / be made with / be made out of / be made into
(1) be made with指制成品中包含的某种原材料，是“由……做成的”的意思。
A fruit cake is made with fruit. 水果蛋糕是用水果制成的。
(2) be made out of 指做成整个成品的材料，多用于口语，意思和be made of／from差不多，只 是语气强一些。
The shirt is made out of the material. 这衬衫是用这种料子做成的。
(3) be made into是指“某种原料制成某种成品”。
Wool has been made into sweaters. 羊毛已做成羊毛衫了。
3．Surround vt．包围、环绕
[用法]surround指一物四周被另一物围绕或完全覆盖；也可指人(尤指土兵或警察)包围一个地方。
[举例](1) The house was surrounded by high walls.房屋四周围着高墙。
(2) The whole cake is surrounded by a thick coat of jelly.
整个蛋糕覆盖着一层厚厚的果冻。
(3) The village was surrounded by troops.村庄被部队包围了。
(4) They have surrounded the town with troops.
他们动用部队包围了这座城镇。
4．same adj．同一的，同样的
[搭配] the same.., as 与……一样the same.., that 是……同一个
at the same time 同时 all the same 尽管，如此，仍然
[举例](1)We are the same age. 我们同岁。
(2)Let's meet at the same place as yesterday.
我们在跟昨天一样的地方见面。
(3)That jacket is the same as mine. 那上衣与我的一样。
(4)This is the same pen that I lost. 这正是我遗失的那支钢笔。
(5)They began to laugh at the same time. 他们同时笑了起来。
(6)He has faults, but I like him all the same.
他有缺点，然而我还是喜欢他。
5．be famous for以……闻名
[举例] He is famous for his fine acting.他以演技精湛著称。
China has been famous for its silk trade.中国以丝绸贸易著称。
[比较] be famous for／be famous as，
be famous as表示“以……身份闻名”，be famous for是“以……而著名”。
[举例]The town is famous as a gambling resort. 该城是个著名的赌场。
He is rather famous as a speechmaker. 他作为一个演说家是相当有名的。
The boy is famous for his handwriting. 这个男孩以他的书法而闻名。
6．settle安排；料理；解决；决定；使平静；安静；安家；家居
[举例](1) The moment she got up, she settled her room.她一起来就整理房间。
(2) That settles the matter.事情就这样定了。
(3) He settled in the country after his retirement.他退休后定居在乡下。
(4) The family finally settled down in Canada.这一家最后定居加拿大。
7．by不迟于，到……为止
[用法]by表示“不迟于某时”，“在某时之前(已经完成)”，常与完成时态连用；若指“到过去的某一时候止”，则用过去完成时；有时by后接将来时间，也用将来时。
[举例](1) Perhaps she has recovered by now.或许到现在她已康复了。
(2) By next Friday I ought to have finished the job.
到下周五，我应完成这项工作。
(3)By the end of last term，We had studied more than five hundred English words．到上学期末为止，我们已经学了500多英语单词。
(4) Your son will be all right by supper time.你儿子到晚饭时会好的。
8．sign vt.vi.署名、签字(约)
[举例](1) He signed the check.他签发了支票。
(2) Please sign here.请在此签名。
(3) He signed his name on the painting which he had just finished.
他在刚刚完成的画上写上了自己的名字。
(4) She signed with the company. 她与那家公司签署了合约。
[拓展]sign也可以用作名词，作“记号、标识、信号、迹象”等。例如：
(1) maths signs 数学符号
(2) the sign of a barber's shop理发店的标志
(3) The teacher made a sign to us to be quiet.
老师做了一个手势叫我们安静。
(4) There were no signs of life on the island.
那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。
9．refer to涉及；说到；查阅；参考
[用法]refer to中的to为介词，表示“提及、涉及”的对象。
[举例](1) what are you referring to ?你指的是什么?
(2) I thought that he had referred to the boy.我想他指的是那个男孩。
(3) The speaker often referred to his notes.那位演讲者常看他的笔记。
(4) He referred to the dictionary.他参考了那本词典。
[比较]refer．．to．．．为“把……提交”“指点…‘交付”，其中的t。也为介词，例如：
(1) We referred her to a doctor.我们把她交给了医生。
(2) He referred me to the dictionary.他吩咐我查字典。
10．population人口
[用法]population，作“人口”解时是集体名词，一般不用作复数。当我们说一个城市，地区或国家的人口时，常加冠词。如：人口众多：has a large population，有……人口has a population of．．．。表示人口多、少一般不用much，little，而用large，small来修饰。问有多少人口时应用疑问词what。
[举例] Our country has a large population.我国人口很多。
The city has a population of 100,000.那城市有十万人口。
What is the population of your province?你们省有多少人口?
[注意] 当population作主语指人，且宾语或表语是表职业或身份的词，那么其谓语动词应用复数形式。例如：
Most of the population in this factory are women workers.
这个工厂大部分职工都是女职工。
11．Take place发生
[比较] happen与take place都有“发生”的意思，但用法有所不同。
(1)happen指事情的发生，往往带有“偶然”，或“未能预见”的意思。
(2)take place指事先布置或策划好而后发生，没有“偶然”的意味。
[举例](1) If anything happens to the patient, let me know at once.
如果这位病人发生什么意外，请马上告诉我。
(2) I happened to meet him in the park that day.
那天我碰巧在公园遇到了他。
(3) The December Ninth Movement took place in 1935.
“一二•九”运动发生在1935年.
[注意]take place与happen都是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，例如：
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
12．compare比较
[搭配]：compare.., to...把......比作
compare., with...把......进行比较
[举例](1) A beginner's painting can't be compared to that of an expert.
初学者的画不能同专家的相比。
(2)If you compare her work with his，you，11 find hers is much better．
要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她好得多。
[注意](1)compared with(to)“和……比较”，常位于句首或句尾，作状语。
Compared with(to)drivers in other countries，Americans think they’re good drivers．同其他国家司机相比，美国人认为它们是不错的。
(2)compare notes(with sb)(习语)交换意见、观点、看法
We saw the play separately and compared notes afterwards．
我们各自看了那出戏，后来交换了意见。
13．while conj.而
[用法]while作连词，表对比，常译为“而”；此时，不能同when互换。
[举例](1)He is lazy，while his brother is diligent．他懒惰而他兄弟勤勉•．
(2)While you maybe right，I cannot altogether agree with you．
你也许是对的，可我不能同意你。
[注意] while作“当……的时候”讲时表示一段时间，往往有自己的特殊意义，含有“趁着”之意。细读下列句子，体会句中while与when意义的区别：
If you don’t work hard while you are young，you may regret when you are old． 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
14．Possession n.(U)所有；拥有(C)财产；所有物(常用复数)
[举例] The possession of a passport is important for foreign travel.
去国外旅行需要护照。
She has valuable information in her possession. 她掌握了重要的信息。
He lost all his possessions in the fire. 他在火灾中损失了所有的财产。
[注意](习语)in possession of sth控制，占有，占据某物
take possession of sth占有(某物)
The old couple were in possession(took possession)“the house 30 years ago．
这两老人30年前买下了这座房子。
[比较] possessions／goods／wealth
possessions作“财产；所有物”讲，常用复数。
goods“货物；商品；财产”，复数名词，无单数形式，不能与数词连用，但可与many，these,those等词连用，谓语动词用复数。
wealth“财产；财富”，为不可数名词。
[举例] The goods were produced by a big factory in Shanghai
这些货物是由上海一家大工厂生产的。
The king's wealth was too great to measure.国王的财富多得难以计算。
15．地理方位的表示法，学会如何正确地使用介词in，to，on
(1) A地位于B地境内以东(西、南北)
A lies／is in the east／west／south／north of B.
(2) A地位于B地境外以东(西、南、北)
A lies／is to the east／west／south／north of B.
(3) A地位于B地的东(西、南、北)部接壤
A lies／is on the east／west／south／north of B.
另外:lie on还表示“位于……畔”。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东部。
Guangzhou lies in the south of China. 广州位于中国的南部。
Korea lies on the northeast of China. 朝鲜在中国东北。
16． it作主语的用法：
1)it用作代词
①指代事物或前面提到过的事物。例如：
What’s in the picture?．It's a cat．图画里是什么?是一只猫。
It's the wind shaking the door．是风刮得门响。
你曾经给过她许多帮助，她永远也不会忘记。
②指人。例如：
Who is it ? It's me. 是谁?是我。
③表示时间或季节。例如：
It is seven o'clock now. 现在7点钟。
What day is today? It is Friday.今天星期几?今天星期五。
What is the date today? It's the third of May.今天几号?今天5月3号。
What season is it? It's autumn.现在是什么季节?是秋天。
④表示距离。例如：
How far is it from the school to your home? 从学校到你家多远?
It is twenty miles from here to the village.从这里到那村庄20英里路。
⑤表示气候。例如：
It is cold today. 今天天气冷。
What was the weather like yesterday? It was fine. 昨天天气怎样?天气晴朗。
It often rains here in summer. 这里夏天时常下雨。
⑥表示情况。例如：
How is it going with you ? 你近来情况怎样?
Where does it hurt? 哪儿痛?
Whose pen is this? It's mine. 这是谁的钢笔?是我的。
2)it用作形式主语
it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语，位于句首，而被替代的真正主语后置。
① it + 谓语 + 不定式。例如：
It is easy to climb the hill.爬那座小山很容易。
It is his duty to settle the problem.解决那个问题是他的责任。
It is not proper to do so.这样做不恰当。
② it + 谓语 + 动名词短语。例如：
It is no use arguing with him.同他争辩没用。
It is no good going there. 到那里去没有用处。
It is exciting working here with you.在这里同你一起工作很令人兴奋。
③ it + 谓语 + 名词性从句。例如：
It is clear that she is the best student in the class.
很明显，她是班上最好的学生。
It's a pity that you can't go with her.你不能同她一块去，真遗憾。
It's certain that he will get on well with them.
可以肯定，他会同他们相处得很好。
It is said that he is doing fine in school.据说他在学校里表现很好。
It doesn't mater whether he comes or not.他来不来都没有关系。
注意：先行词it充当形式主语，构成大量的常用句式。要注意计后谓语不同的形式，并译成通顺的汉语。
(1) It is a pity that．．．真可惜……，可惜的是……
It is a fact that．．．事实是……
It is a wonder that...这真是个奇迹
It is no wonder that...难怪……
(2)It is obvious(clear)that．．．很明显……，很清楚……
It is strange that...奇怪的是……，……令人费解
(3) It so happened that...碰巧……，说来也巧……
It follows that...从而……，于是乎……，这样一来……
It seems that...看来……
It appears that...看来……，似乎……
It turned out that... 原来……，结果……
It occurred to me that... 我突然想到……
(4) It was said that...据说……
It was reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据认为，人们认为……
It is universally accepted that... 普遍认为
It was announced that... 据宣布
It is estimated that...据估计
It is to be noted that...值得注意的是……
It must be admitted that...必须承认
It can safely be said that...完全可以说……
It can thus be concluded that...由此可以得出结论……
(5)It doesn’t matter．．． ……是无关紧要的
It doesn't need to be bothered that...无须担忧 ．．．．．
It makes no difference...……毫无二致

高一上知识归纳（U19）
1．effect n. 结果；影响；效果
[举例](1)Do you think the medicine will have any effect? 你认为这药有效吗?
(2)His new way of teaching produced a good effect.
他的新教法产生了良好的效果。
(3)Scolding sometimes brings bad effects on a child.
责骂对小孩有时造成负面影响。
(4)The medicine had a good effect on me. 那种药对我有良好的疗效。
2．cause vt．引起，造成
[搭配] cause sth．引起(造成)……
cause sb. sth．= cause sth．to sb．对……造成……
cause sb．to do sth．使某人做某事
[举例](1) What caused his death?是什么原因造成他的死亡?
(2) He caused his parents a lot of trouble. = He caused a lot of trouble to his parents. 她对父母造成很多麻烦。
(3)The drought caused the plants to die. 久旱造成植物枯萎。
[拓展]cause作“使引起”时为使役动词，后面接不定式作宾语补足语，但不可按动词原形、形容词、 副词或分词等作宾语补足语，例如：
What caused him to be so sad? 是什么使他如此悲伤?
但上句不可用 What caused him so sad?
[比较]cause和reason作为名词，都有“原因”的意思。cause指客观存在的“原因”与effect(结果)相对；reason指推理上的理由，即是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”。
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