| 高中阅读解题指导 |
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Revision ------- Focusing on skills in reading comprehension Teaching goals 1. Make students realize the importance of reading abilities, especially in the entrance examination. 2. Familiarize our students with the strategies in reading and grasp the basic tactics of reading 3. Integrate various skills into the reading practice. 4. Enhance their reading speed and their ability to solve varying problems in the reading exercises Teaching important points How to make students grasp the proper ways to read Teaching difficult points Cultivate their good reading habits and facilitate their reading process. Class Type Guidance on the skills in reading comprehension Teaching methods 1. Do the reading exercises by themselves (It should be done before the class) 2. Bring in proper reading methods when checking their answers. 3. Deliver a lecture, during which I’ll use the asking and answering method to make it go well. 4. Strengthen the teaching effects by assigning students reading tasks as their homework.. Teaching aids Papers, blackboard, slide projector Homework A piece of paper including five passages to train their reading abilities. Summary after Class The goals made before class have been reached quite well. The students are determined to devote one hour to reading every day. It has become an accepted fact that the methods I gave them are really useful and help a lot to improve their reading speed. Some of the students , however , need more practice to understand the real meaning of the tactics. I , as an English teacher, would continue exploring more effective ways to develop their reading ability. Teaching procedures Step 1 Checking the exercises(3minutes) T: Good morning, boys and girls! Let’s check the assignment for the last lesson. 56-59 BDAB 60-63 CCBA 64-68 ABDAC 72-77 CCDA T: How many of you got all the right answers or only failed to answer one or two questions correctly ? S: We’re very sorry about it. T: What a pity it is ! We have none. But don’t worry about the results. Even if your answers are not quite satisfying , it doesn’t matter and you shouldn’t lose your confidence. I am sure that the methods I’ll give you today can help you a lot . Step 2 Introduce some general principles in reading (12minutes) It’ necessary to speak Chinese now and you can have a better understanding. T: 同学们，一个人的阅读能力是否等于词汇、语音、语法和其他语言知识的总和呢？ T: 可是有的同学平时单词默的不好，语法题错的也很多，可是阅读题却错的很少，这是什么原因？ S1: 因为他们平时看书多。 S2: 因为特别能猜答案 T: 对，这说明阅读能力还包括对背景知识的了解，推理判断的能力，把握中心思想及作者写作意图的能力。语言知识靠积累，而如上几种能力则需在大量的阅读中去培养。新课程标准规定高中阶段我们的阅读量必须达到23万词以上。高考中阅读题是制胜的关键，其中主旨大意，推理判断的题占到50%以上，这要求咱们必须具备深层次的理解能力。 S3: 怎么才能提高阅读速度？ S4: 怎么才能提高阅读题的正确率呢？ T: 我给大家讲一讲吧！ 阅读中有“四忌”，一忌：指读，即有的同学阅读时总是指着一行行的读；二忌：唇读，即有的同学阅读时虽然不出声音，但嘴唇不时地在动；三忌：回读，即几句话第一遍没读懂，再回去重读；四忌：译读，即在头脑中先把英文翻译成中文之后再去理解。这四忌便是提高阅读速度的大敌。 S: 那么怎么才是正确的阅读方法呢？ T: 基本有这么三种：略读，即先读开始段、结束段、每段的首句和尾句以及一些承上启下的连接句；查读，即先读题干，而后带着问题采取跳跃式的方式进行选择性的阅读；细读，即找到文章的有关范围，逐句阅读，对于关键词句仔细琢磨，参透字里行间的意思。如遇生词，通过上下文及背景知识推测句意。我们可以根据不同的阅读目标，不同的阅读材料选择不同的阅读方法。 S: 有时，一句话中每个词我都认识，可是就是不明白整句是什么意思？ T: 我有办法来解决你的问题。看这个句子： As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. 如果你一个字一个字的看，就会理解得很慢甚至读不懂。但如果照我的划线部分，一部分一部分的理解，就会很快理解句意。这叫做意群阅读法。你一眼所看到的不是一个单词而是一个词组或是一个分句，多加练习的话，你可以一眼看一行，两行。这样理解的速度自然就提高了。 S: 做阅读题时应看文章还是先看题？ T: 我的建议是：略读文章→读题干→查读文章→细读文章→解题。根据我刚才讲的正确阅读方法，这个阅读程序不难理解。不过最有效的阅读方法是因人而异的，你们应在大量的阅读过程中摸索最适合自己的一种。 Step 3 specific reading tactics and the analysis of the key exercises(27minutes) T: 下面我给大家谈谈阅读理解题的解题技巧。 1．主旨大意题，通常题目中出现：subject, main idea, purpose 等词。这类题关键要考虑作者意图和文章的主要内容。大家可以找找咱们的五篇阅读中都有哪些是是属于这一类。 S5: C篇68题和E篇75题 68．Which can be the best title for this story? A. Mother’s True love B. Early love between Students C. To Ask or Not to Ask D. Dangerous Age 75. The best title for this passage is ________. A. Life Begins at Sixty B. A Round Coast Sail C. An Old Woman Sailor D. An Unusual Hobby T: 关于68题，有的同学犯了一叶障目不见泰山的错误。文章最后一句已经点明主旨：It read: Mum, it was love that make you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn’t. .Mother’ true love 只是文章内容的一部分，作者其实更强调的是understanding ,及 true love 与 understanding 之间的矛盾。 关于75题，如果你选了C或D说明你并未理解文章的主旨。文章中说的是她60岁退休后想重圆儿时梦想，开始第二次人生追求。所以选A 它既概括了内容有升华了其中的精神内涵。C项，一位年老的女水手，难道她干了一辈子吗？D项，很多人都喜欢sailing，它也不是作者讨论的焦点。文章主要写人而非记事。 此外，在解这种题时大家还要注意两点：（1）英美人的思维方式一般是先亮明观点，而后再加以论述，所以文章和段落的首句尤为重要，请大家尤为注意。（2）选标题要注意两点：准确性和醒目性。醒目性就是能给人留下深刻的印象。 2．推理判断题。通常题干中出现 infer, What is the author going to write in the fourth paragraph?的词句。大家找一找咱们的卷子上有没有这样的题。 S6: B篇61题 61. From the passage, we can infer that the leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall is because______. A. the top of the tower is heavier than its bottom B. the bottom of the tower is not heavier than its top C. its center of gravity is still above the line of its bottom D. its center of gravity is not above the line of its bottom T: 文中说This empty box must fall over, because its center of gravity (c) is not over the line of its bottom(AB) 3．猜测词义题。 卷子上有一道猜测词义的题，你作对了吗？ S: 没有。 T: 没关系，下面我给大家介绍几种猜词技巧，大家一边听我讲，一边听一边看一下观灯片上的句子。 (1)构词法。A.The room is uncomfortable to live in. 我们都能理解由comfort→comfortable→uncomfortable 的变化过程。平时大家就应该增强对各种词缀的敏感程度，在阅读中灵活运用构词法猜测词义。 （2）根据定义猜测词义。 b. A calendar is a list of days, weeks, months of a particular year. c. Mary is indecisive, that is, she can’t make up her mind. d. He needs a conditioner, a system that keep air in a place cool and warm. 咱们试着猜一下划线词的意思吧！ S7: calendar 日历 S8: indecisive 优柔寡断的 S9: conditioner 空调 T: Very good. (3) 根据下句对上句的理解。 e. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily. S10: resolute 坚定的，果敢的 （4）根据常识猜 f. The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. S11: 我知道，划线词是门楣，横木的意思。 T: 还有一种是： （5）借助词与词关联猜测词义。 g. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye. 根据other diseases 我们不难知道 glaucoma 肯定是眼病的一种 T: 最后一种 （6）对比关系和因果关系 h. Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented. S12: 我知道，dissented 不同意 i. He was not frugal since he spent money so freely. S: 我猜到了，frugal 节俭的 T；卷子上72题就用这种猜测方法。 72．The underlined word “cosy”(in the first paragraph) means”_____” A. bright B. dirty C. comfortable D. dark 原文中“Although the inside of the boat is very cosy , it has no running water or electricity.”很明显although是一个转折连词，前后两个分句的意思是相反的，it has no running water or electricity 说的是缺点，although 所引导的分句中cosy 必定是一个褒义词。 几个选项中只有C选项符合。 T: 4 细节理解。从文章中找到相应词句作为依据，弄清细节，获得准确信息。 细节题中有排序、图表型，正误型等。 排序题的技巧在于对比所给几个选项的特点，而后对比关键项，利用排除法得出答案。例如：C篇64 题 64．Which is the correct order according to the story? a. The girl took a lift back in her monitor’s car . b. The girl went to see a film with her schoolmates c. The girl wrote a diary to her mother. d. The mother pretended to be watching TV. e. The mother worried about her daughter’s returning late A. b, e, a, d, c B. e, b, a, d, d C. b, a, e, d, c D. b, e, a, c, d 大家试着用这种方法找一下答案。 S：选A T: 对。图表型的题关键在于把文章内容与图表内容挂钩。B篇的60题是一个很好的例子。至于正误题，我们一定要看清人家问的是true or not true 以免犯不必要的错误。 Step 4 Summary and homework(3minutes) T: Today we discuss the basic strategies and some specific skills about reading, which are very useful. Do you think so ? Yes. Today’s homework is another piece of paper for you to train your reading skills we learnt together today. 附录：阅读原文。 （A） This is the story about the well-known millionaire. D.Rockefeller, and was told by a friend of his. This friend said that though Rockefeller gave away millions, he was very mean.(吝啬) about small sums of money. One day he went to stay at a hotel in New York and asked for the cheapest room they had. Rockefeller said, “What is the price of the room?” The manager told him the price of the room. “Is that the lowest priced room you have? I am staying at this hotel by myself and only need a small room.” The manager said, “That room is the smallest and cheapest we have,” and added, “but why do you choose a poor room like that? When your son stays here, he always has our most expensive room: yours is our cheapest.” “Yes”, said D.Rockefeller, “but his father is a wealthy man while mine isn’t.” 56. D.Rockefeller decided to have the cheapest room because__________. A. He wanted to set an example to his son. B. He tried to save some money C. His father was not a millionaire D. He hadn’t enough money to spend on himself 57. Which of the following puzzled the manager? A. D. Rockefeller asked for the smallest and cheapest room B. D. Rockefeller was so mean about money C. D. Rockefeller was used to living the simplest life. D. D. Rockefeller asked for the cheapest room while his son asked for the most expensive one. 58. What do you know about D. Rockefeller? A. He was unwilling to spend much money on himself B. He spoil（姑息）his son on purpose. C. He was very strict with his son. D. He didn’t care about what his son had done. 59.What do you know about D,Rockefeller? A. He had nothing to do but enjoy himself. B. His ideas about life were different from his father’s C. He was the most wealthy man. D. He felt satisfied with life. (B) Every object has weight. But the center of its weight is not always in the middle of the object. If the top of an object is heavier than its bottom, it will fall over easily. We say that its center of gravity(引力) is high. But if the bottom is heavier, it won’t fall easily. Then we say that its center of gravity is low. Look at the first picture. This empty box must fall over, because its center of gravity(C) is not over the line of its bottom(AB). Now look at the second picture. There is some heavy iron at the bottom of this box. It will not fall, because its center of gravity is above its bottom. 60. Please point out which box will not fall. 61. From the passage, we can infer that the leaning Tower of Pisa does not fall is because________. A. the top of the tower is heavier than its bottom B. the bottom of the tower is not heavier than its top C. its center of gravity is still above the line of its bottom D. its center of gravity is not above the line of it bottom 62. If an object has a low center of gravity,_______. A. it won’t fall B. it won’t fall easily C. it is certain to fall over D. its top must be heavier 63. The passage is mainly about__________. A. why things fall over B, a low center of gravity C. a high center of gravity D. that everything has weight ( C ) She is a cute (聪明的), quiet girl. As a daughter, she has no secrets from her mother, who is very pleased with her. But recently she has become somewhat mysterious (神秘的)，not so open as her: what if she falls in love, which is too early for a girl of her age. After all, she is reaching the “dangerous stage”. These thoughts have causes trouble in the mother’ mind. One weekend the girl came to tell her mother that she was going to the cinema with her schoolmates and would return late. This was the first time her mother had agreed , and she couldn’t help worrying because her daughter had never away at night before. The mother waited till nine and her uneasiness(不安) got the upper hand over her. She decided to go out to meet her daughter. Just at that moment the noise of a car pulling up drew her to the window and ------there was her daughter, waving goodbye to a boy. Her heart missed a beat. When the girl came in, the mother was watching TV, pretending nothing had happened. “Mum, I’m back.” “Yeah.” “Sorry to be late. Still sitting up?” “Yes, Oh, that… Who’s that boy? “The daughter was stunned (发愣) for a moment. “Ah. It’s my monitor. He gave a lift on his way home. Mum, I’m going to bed”. All right. Go to sleep early.” Next morning, when the mother went to the daughter’s room to do some tidying, she found her diary left at her pillow. After a few minutes’ hesitation(犹豫) she finally opened it to the entry of the night before. It read: Mum, it was love that make you ask, but it would show your understanding of me if you hadn’t. Holding the diary, the mother fell in thought. 64. Which is the correct order according to the story? a. The girl took a lift back in her monitor’ car. b. The girl went to see a film with her schoolmates c. The girl wrote a diary to her mother. d. The mother pretended to be watching TV e. The mother worried about her daughter’s returning late A. b, e, a, d, c B, e, b, a, d, c C. b, a, e, d, c D. b, e, a, c, d 65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the story? A. The girl knew her mother would ask her the questions about the boy. B. What the girl did recently worried her mother. C. The mother was eager to read her daughter’ diary the next day. D. The girl’ diary was always unlocked. 66. From the diary, we can see the girl _____________. A. thanked her mother for asking her B. thought her mother cared about her very much C. thought it was her mother’s duty to asked her. D. thought understanding is better than simple love. 67. The main purpose of this article is to show that parents should_______. A. care about what their children really think and how they feel B. not give much freedom to their children. C. Talk with their children about their early love. D. Keep silent about their children’s privacy 68. Which can be the best title for this story? A . Mother’ True Love B. Early love between Students C. To Ask or Not to Ask D. Dangerous Age ( D ) Want to watch some performances during the holiday? Here are some from “What’s on”, China Daily” Russian folk （民间） dance The Moiseyey Dance Company will put on three performances in Beijing. The company was set up in 1937 and has visited more than 60 countries on all continents, including 10 visits to the United States. The folk dances of the show will include 13 programmes of different styles. They include dances from Russia, Greece, Argentina, Egypt, China and many other countries. Time :7:30pm, January 31～February2 Place: Century Theatre, 40 Liangmaqiaolu, Chaoyang District (区域) Tel: 6466-0032 Children’s song and dance China Children’s Hand-in-Hand Art Troupe(剧团) will present two performances The troupe has branches in 17 major Chinese cities. This time, 280 children from 14 cities and provinces will perform. Programmes include songs and dances of different regions( 地区) and nationalities. Time:2pm, 7pm, January 22 Place: China Children’s Theatre, 64 Donghuamen Dajie, Dongcheng District. Tel:6524-1831 Classic dialogues Some top Chinese performers will gather to recite (朗诵) famous dialogues from Chinese and foreign dramas and films. The scenes are taken from classics like “Qu Yuan”, “ Thunder-storm”. Other dialogues are from films such as “Jane Eyre” Time:7:30pm, January22～23 Place: Zhongshan Music Hall, Zhongshan Park, west of Tian An Men Tel:6842-2653 69. From” What’s on “, we know that the Moiseyev Dance Company will performances________. A. famous Russian folk dances only B. dances of different styles from different countries C. European and Chinese dances D. American and Chinese dances 70. If you are a teacher and want to organize your pupils (under 10) to enjoy performance, _____may be useful. A. 6466-0032 B. 6524-1831 C.6842-2653 D.6510-1309 71. If you’ re interested in recitation, don’t miss the chance to go to _________. A. Zhongshan Music Hall B. China Chidren’s Theatre C. Century Theatre D. Chang’an Grand Theatre ( E) Sixty-year-old grandmother, Fiona Mcfee, is going to stop working next year and she decided to realize a childhood dream and sail around the coast of Scotland in a small boat. Although the inside of the boat is very cosy, it has no running water or electricity. Fiona says she can live without these things but she plans to take her small CD player, her hot water bottle and a bag of books to make sure life isn’t too uncomfortable. We asked her if she was afraid of being at sea for so long. She said, “ Well, I’m going to take a good compass(指南针)。 Anyway I ‘m not afraid of death because I love the sea---- I just hope it loves me.” Friona certainly has plenty of energy; in her spare time , she enjoys playing the piano, rock-climbing , canoeing and dancing. Although she is sixty, she doesn’t want to have a quiet and peaceful life. “ I’m looking forward to having fun in the rest of my life and that’s exactly why I’d like to be a sailor for a while. 72. The underlined word “cosy” ( in the first paragraph) means”________” A. bright B. dirty C. comfortable D. dark 73. When Fiona Mcfee said “I just hope it loves me”, she meant “_________” A. Of course, it loves me , since I love it. B. If I love it , it should love me. C. I hope it will bring me a safe sailing as a return for my love of it. D. I hope it will save my life when I am in time of danger. 74. What kind of person do you think the old woman is ? A. Someone who doesn’t know how she is feeling. B. Someone who is very proud and sure of her success C. Someone who does’t ues her head much. D. Someone who is open, honest and brave 75. The best title for this passage is __________. A. Life Begins at Sixty B. A Round Coast Sail C. An Old Woman Sailor D. An Unusual Hobby Suggested Answer:56-59 BDAB 60-63 CCBA 64-68 ABDAC 69-71 BBA 72-75 CCDA |
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