人教新课标 高二自学指导：unit19 The Merchant of Venice
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The Merchant of Venice
【课前准备导读】
一、学习目标
本单元以谈论“莎士比亚和他的戏剧”为论题，让学生了解欧洲文艺复兴时期英国杰出的戏剧家和诗人莎士比亚及他的剧作《威尼斯商人》；能识别不同语气所表达的不同态度；能在日常人际交往中有效地使用语言进行表达，如发表意见，进行判断，责任，投诉等；复习直接引语和间接引语；学写短剧。
二、语言点讲解
1. Read the following quotations from different Shakespeare plays.阅读下列引自莎士比亚作品中的文句。
quotation[kw ′teI n]n.
(1)[U]quoting 引用；引述
(2)[C]sth. quoted 引用文；引用语 eg:
quotation marks引号
(3)[C] statement of the current price of an article物品等的时价；行情 eg:
the latest quotations from the Stock Exchange.
来自证券交易所的最新行情。
(4)[C]estimate of the cost of a piece of work报价单 eg:
Can you give me a quotation for building a garage?
你能不能给我一张建造一间汽车库的报价单？
▲quote[kw t]vt. repeat in speech or writing 引用；引述 eg:
quote a verse from the Bible引用《圣经》中的一节
2. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚（1564—1616）是欧洲文艺复兴时期英国杰出的戏剧家和诗人，也是世界文学史上最杰出的作家之一。他的作品是人类文化史上的珍品。莎士比亚的作品包括37个剧本，两首长诗和154首十四行诗。他的主要成就是在戏剧方面，有历史剧、悲剧、喜剧、悲喜剧多种体裁。主要作品包括《李尔王》（King Lear）、《亨利四世》（King HenryIV）、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo & Juliet）、《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》（Troilus & Cressida）等。《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）是莎士比亚早期的重要作品，大约写于1596——1597年。
3. Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.戴皇冠的人良心不安。
(1)此句是个倒装句（=The head that wears a crown lies uneasy.）
uneasy译为“不安的”，是个表语形容词，当它被置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 eg:
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授和许多其他客人。
(2)lie在此的含义为“存在；在某种情况下”。故有词组lie in（在于） eg:
The trouble lies in the engine. 毛病发生在引擎。
His success lies in his hard work.他的成功在于他勤奋的努力。
4. deny[dI′naI]vt. ①say that sth. is not true否认；不承认 eg:
I deny that the statement is true.我不承认这话是真的。
②refuse拒绝 eg:
He gave to his friends what he denied to his family.他宁赠朋友也不送家人。
5. Can you explain what they are about?你能解释一下他们的内容吗？
Explain后接的是一个宾语从句，虽有疑问代词what，但要用陈述语序，其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句也遵循这个规律。 eg:
Do you know how old he is?你知道他多大吗？
You have no idea how anxious I have been for her safety.
你不知道我为她的安全有多担心。
When we will go to Beijing hasn’t been decided yet.
我们何时去北京还没有决定。
▲注：当what is/ was the matter/ wrong/ the trouble with sb./ sth.（某人/某事怎么了）用于宾语从句时，语序不变。 eg:
I am wondering what’s wrong with him.我想知道他怎么了。
三、课前准备针对性练习（20分，15分钟）
（一）单项选择（每小题1分，共10分）
1. His failure lies his laziness.[N]
A. on B. in C. to D. from
2. We grew at their long absence.
A. easy B. uneasy C. upset D. set
3. He recognized clearly where his duty .[N]
A. lies B. lay C. lays D. laid
4.“Mike is , Mum,”said his little sister.“That isn’t my fault. I noticed some broken toys on the floor so I picked them up and them on the chair.”[N]
A. lying; lay; lay B. lying; lie; lay
C. lying; lain; laid D. lying; lying; laid
5. Taiwan Lies the east of Fujian and Jiangxi the west of Fujian.
A. to; on B. in; in C. on; to D. to; in
6. Can you tell me when back?
A. will he be B. does he come C. he will be D. did he come
7. Nobody but Jim and his uncle .
A. know who is he B. know who he is
C. knows who is he D. knows who he is
8. First you must tell me .
A. what is the size of the room B. how big the size the room is
C. how big the room is D. what size room is it
9. I didn’t know what .
A. was the matter B. is the matter
C. matter was D. the matter is
10. Rarely such a silly thing. [N]
A. have I heard of B. I have heard of
C. I have been hearing of D. have I heard from
（二）汉译英（每小题2分，共10分）
1.莎士比亚是最常被引用的作家吗？

2.他否认知道他们的计划。

3.最近，我很少见到他。（倒装句）

4.你能给我解释一下这个问题吗？

5.你知道他们在等谁吗？


【听力导读】
一、语言点讲解
1. How much money does Bassanio need to marry Portia?巴萨尼奥与鲍西娅结婚需要多少钱？
marry vt. & vi 结婚；娶；嫁（表示结婚的动作，它的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的词连用。类似词还有：come, go, die, join, buy等） eg:
John is going to marry jane.约翰要和简结婚。
Harry didn’t marry until he was over fifty.哈里过了五十岁才结婚。
▲注：①marry表示“和某人结婚”时，不能与with连用。
②当表示“结婚”状态的时候，要用句式get/be married (to sb.) eg:
They have been married for 10 years.他们已经结婚10年了。（此句不能表达成：They have got married for 10 years.因为have got在美语中的含义就相当于have。）
2. What must Antonio give Shylock if he can’t pay back the debt?如果安东尼奥偿还不了贷款，他必须给夏洛克什么？
pay back(=repay)意为“偿还”，“报答”。 eg:
He worked hard to pay back his debt.为了偿还他的贷款，他努力工作。
此外，由pay组成的其他常见词组还有；pay for付款；pay off全部还清等。
eg: You must pay for what you eat and drink.你必须付你吃喝的费用。
He paid $ 600 to a dealer for that car.
他花了600美元向汽车商买了那辆车子。
3. merchant[′m t nt] (1) n. trader商人（批发商，尤指国际贸易商）eg:
The merchants will have an important conference tomorrow.
明天商人们要开一个重要会议。
(2)adj. of commercial shipping 海运商品的eg:
merchant ships 商船 merchant seaman 商船船员
4. fill in: add what is necessary to make sth. complete 填写；填好 eg:
Fill in an application form.填申请表。 Fill in the blanks.填空。
▲fill…with…: make or become full填满；装满；充满（被动：be filled with）
eg: The tank is filled with petrol. 油箱装满了汽油。
=The tank is full of petrol.
二、如何听的建议
高考英语听力应试技巧
高考英语听力测试要求考生从头到尾按顺序往下听，听完每段对话和独白后，要在规定的时间内做出选择，没有“回头看”的可能性。因此，掌握一些听力技巧，对于考场正常发挥，取得理想成绩，尤为重要。
1.听前
（1）提前进场，以便能集中一下精力，使自己冷静下来。若考前精神紧张，可做几次深呼吸或闭目几分钟，直到精力集中，使全身放松。放松、沉着、冷静是保持最佳应试状态的前提。
（2）认真阅读各大题的说明，以明确测试的内容、解题要求、播读次数及答题形式。
（3）充分利用每题所给五秒阅读时间迅速阅读试卷上的文字信息。测试题的题干一般都以what, why, when, who where, how开头，带着问题，积极主动地预测，可使自己处于主动地位，做到心中有数。
(4)预测谈话内容是做好听力的关键。做题前，考生应根据问题和所提供的选项，从字里行间去发现推测要听的对话或独白的主题，为听录音做好准备。
2.听时
(1)高度重视好首句和首段，因为它们往往是谈话的中心。听懂首句对稳定情绪，更好地接受全文信息，把握好整体大意非常重要，同时有利于第二遍听懂主要细节。
(2)要注意整体理解。在听力过程中遇到个别句子没有听懂应马上转移注意力，否则会因小失大。
(3)要留意重音。连贯的句子中，信息词（例如名词、动词、形容词等）往往重读。听音时要把精力放在重读的词上，以便把握重点。
(4)要重点听。听录音之前考生都已经读过题干和选项，每篇对话或独白后的问题考生都心中有数，听录音过程中重点去听，可以做到有的放矢，事半功倍。
3.听后
听完每段对话或独白后，应迅速回忆并整理所听内容，耐心核查，并在最短时间内对答案做出判断。

【口语导读】
一、语言点讲解
1. What makes a play a masterpiece is that the ideas behind the play are about problems which are still important to people of different ages in modern times.一部戏剧成为杰作的关键在于，戏剧的主题思想所反映的问题对不同年龄段的现代人仍是重要的。
(1)masterpiece[′m st pi s]n. sth. made or done with very great skill 杰作；名著 eg:
Which masterpiece made Mark Twain famous?
马克·吐温因哪部杰作而成名？
(2)此句是个复合句，它由三个从句组成：what所引导的是主语从句，that所引导的是表语从句，而which所引导的是一个定语从句修饰problems。
eg: What you have done might do harm to those who are in their teens.
你所做的事可能对那些青少年有害。
(3)in modern times译为“在现代”，time作“时期、时代”讲时，是个可数名词，常用复数。 eg:
in ancient times在古代
in the time(s) of the Stuarts在斯图亚特王朝治理时期
2. mercy[′m sI]n.
(1)[U] capacity for holding oneself back from punishing仁慈；怜悯
常用于下列词组中：have mercy on/upon sb./sth.（怜悯/宽恕某人/某物）；show mercy tosb./ sth.（怜悯/宽恕某人/某物）；at the mercy of sb./sth. （任由……摆布；在……的掌握中） eg:
They showed little mercy to their enemies.他们对仇敌毫无怜悯之意。
He had mercy on the defeated enemy. 他宽恕了被打败的敌人。
The ship was at the mercy of the waves.船在浪涛中随波漂流。
(2)[C]piece of good fortune幸运；恩惠 eg:
That’s a mercy.那真幸运。
We must be thankful for small mercies.我们对小惠也应感激。
3. revenge[rI′vend ](1) n. [U] deliberate punishment or injury inflicted in return for what one has suffered复仇；报复 eg:
thirsting for revenge渴望报仇雪恨
▲give sb. his revenge给某人雪耻的机会
get/ take one’s revenge尽雪前耻
(2)vt. do sth. to get satisfaction for报仇；复仇 eg:
revenge one’s friend为朋友报仇
▲be revenged on sb. ; revenge oneself on sb.向某人报仇 eg:
It is time for you to revenge yourself on him.你向他报仇的机会来了。
4. It sometimes happens that people are in a position where they can make an important decision about a person they hate.有时有这样的事发生，处在某个位置，这个位置可使他们对所恨的人做出重大的决定。
(1)It (so) happens that从句表示“某事（如此）偶然发生”，其中It是形式主语，而that所引导的从句才是真正的主语。
It happened that he had left his keys in the office.
他碰巧把钥匙落在办公室了。
(2)make a decision译为“作决定”。 eg:
They have made a decision to have a picnic by the river.
他们决定去河边野餐。
5. It is Shylock who must beg the Duke to save his life.夏洛克必须要乞求公爵来挽救他的生命。
(1)“It is/was+ 被强调部分+ that（指人可用who）从句”是强调句型的基本结构，它可以强调主语、宾语、状语等成分。
(2) beg(for) (sth.) (from/ of sb.)可译成“乞求；乞讨”。 eg:
He was so poor that he had to beg (for) his bread.
他非常贫穷，所以不得不乞食。
beg (of) sb. to do sth.可译成“恳求某人做某事”。 eg:
They begged us not to punish them.他们恳求我们不要处罚他们。
6. Despite the fact that nobody really likes Shylock, the Duck does not want to kill him.尽管没人真正喜欢夏洛克，公爵还是不想处死他。
despite(=in spite of)译为“不管”，“不顾”，后面只能接名词、代词，不能接句子。 eg:
Despite (In spite of) all efforts he failed.他虽然做了各种努力，仍然失败了。
二、交际用语讲解
1. Correct me if I’m wrong, but… 2. One of the most important facts is…
3. As far as I know… 4. You shouldn’t forget that …
5. You could, for example, say… 6. After all, …
7. What shouldn’t be forgotten is… 8. The way I would go about it …
9. But in this particular case …
三、口语针对性练习（20分，15分钟）
1. The wounded soldiers were caught and was the enemy.
A. at the price of B. at the sight of
C. at the mercy of D. at the bottom of
2. The thief begged the policeman mercy.
A. for B. with C. upon D. among
3. There is going to a sports meet next week.
A. be B. have C. take place D. hold
4. Will you me two yuan? I’ll next Sunday.
A. borrow; pay for you B. lend; pay you back
C. borrow; pay you off D. lend; pay to you
5. Her sister Mr Chen for two years.[N]
A. married B. was married C. married with D. has been married
6. The decision he made us very unhappy.
A. made B. made up C. is going to make D. is going to make up
7. It was he said disappointed me.(1999，上海)
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
8. It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are.（2000，全国）
A. one B. that C. what D. it
9. The truck goods broke on its way to Beijing.
A. full with; up B. full in; out C. filled with; down D. filling in; into
10. The Yellow River is the Pearl River.
A. two times long as B. as two times long as
C. as twice longer as D. twice as long as
（二）补全对话（每小题2分，共10分）
Mary: What do you find most difficult in you English study?
Wang: I find speaking really difficult. 1
Mary: Well, you need more practice. 2
Wang: 3
Mary: Why not go to the “English Corner”? There are a lot of people practicing speaking English there.
Wang: 4
Mary: Of course. Just keep on practicing speaking English. 5
Wang: Thank you.
A. How often do you speak English?
B. That’s easier said than done.
C. Sometimes it’s just impossible to open my mouth.
D. English is the most difficult language to learn.
E. I’m sure your spoken English will be improved.
F. The more you speak English, the easier it becomes.
G. Do you think that would help?

【阅读指导】
一、生词和词组
1. weakness[′wi knIs]n.
(1)[U] state of being weak 弱；虚弱；脆弱 eg:
the weakness of old age老年的虚弱
(2)[C]fault or defect of character性格的缺点，弱点 eg:
We all have our little weaknesses.我们都有一些小缺点。
▲weak[wi k]adj. lacking in strength; easily broken虚弱的；脆弱的；易破的
eg: Tom is too weak to walk.汤姆太虚弱不能走动。
A table with weak legs.摇摇晃晃的桌子
2. greatness[′greItnIs]n. [U]being great伟大 eg:
the greatness of our country我们祖国的伟大
▲great[greIt]adj.巨大的；伟大的；重要的 eg:
take great care of sth.对某物特别用心照顾
a great musician伟大的音乐家 the great powers of Europe欧洲列强
3. judgement[′d d m nt]n.
(1)[U]process of judging判断 eg:
His judgement is at fault.他的判断有误。
(2)[C] decision of a judge or court判决 eg:
The judgement was in his favor.判决对他有利。
(3)[U]good sense见识；判断力 eg:
a man of judgement有见识的人
He showed excellent judgement in choosing the wine.
他在择酒方面显示出卓越的判断力。
▲judge n. [d d ](1) [C] supreme arbiter; person who decides who has won a competition, contest法官；评判员 eg:
as grave as a judge像法官般的严肃
the judges at a flower show花卉展览会的评判员
(2)vt. & vi. act as a judge; give a decision审理；评判 eg:
judge a case审理案件
Will you judge at the baby show next week?
你愿意在下周婴儿健康比赛中担任评审吗？
▲注：当judge用于非谓语作状语的情况时，要用judging（表示其他人判断）即组成词组judging from/ by “从……判断”。 eg:
Judging by/from the number of copies sold, the book is a great success.
从销售量判断，这本书很成功。
4. gentleman[′gentlm n]n.
①man who shows consideration for the feelings of others 绅士；君子 eg:
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. 令你想不到的是，如此文质彬彬的绅士竟会对女士如此粗鲁。
②polite form of address to men诸位先生（对男性听众的称呼）
5. envy[′envI](1) vt. feel envy of羡慕；嫉妒 eg:
envy sb. sth. 羡慕/嫉妒某人某事
I don’t envy him his bad-tempered wife.
我不羡慕他有个坏脾气的妻子。
(2)n.[U]envy at sth./ of sb.嫉妒；羡慕 eg:
He was filled with envy of me/at my success.
他十分羡慕我（我的成功）。
His splendid new car was the envy of all his friends.
他那部豪华的新车是他所有的朋友羡慕的东西。
6. troublesome[′tr bls m]adj. causing trouble使人苦恼或烦恼的；麻烦的
eg: a troublesome child/ problem使人苦恼的孩子（问题）
Her cough is very troublesome today.她今天咳嗽得很厉害。
7. merciful[′m sIfl]adj. having, showing, feeling mercy to仁慈的；慈悲的
eg: You must be merciful to him.你必须对他仁慈点。
8. gentle[′gentl]adj. ①mild, quiet, not rough 温柔的；柔和的；文雅的 eg:
a gentle nature/ heart/ look温和的性情/仁慈的心肠/和善的面貌
②with good social position有社会地位的；有教养的 eg:
a person of gentle birth出身名门的人
9. bless[bles]vt. ask God’s favour for祝福；保佑 eg:
May you always be blessed with good health.愿你永远享有健康之福。
10. tear up: tear sth. into small pieces(把某物)撕毁；取消（合同） eg:
He wanted to tear up the contract/tear the contract up.他想撕毁合同。
注：此词组中的up是副词，如遇人称代词，要把代词放在两词中间，类似词组还有：give up, knock down, bring up, work out, turn on/off等。
Let’s tear it up.让我们把它撕了吧。
On her way home, a car knocked her down.
在她回家的路上，一辆小汽车撞倒了她。
11. swear[swe ]vt. & vi. (p. t. swore[sw ], p.p. sworn[sw n])
(1)vt. say solemnly or emphatically强调；发誓 eg:
He swore that he would tell the truth.他发誓要说实话。
(2)vi. take an oath宣誓 eg:
The witnesses must swear before speaking.证人在发言前必须宣誓。
▲swear sb. in（通常用于被动）使某人宣誓就职 eg:
The president is to be sworn in this afternoon.总统定于今天下午宣誓就职。
swear off sth.立誓弃绝 eg:
He swore off smoking when the doctors said it caused lung cancer.
医生们说吸烟能引起肺癌时，他立誓戒烟。
12. offer up: present献出；献上 eg:
offer up a sacrifice 奉献；牺牲；献祭
13. surgeon[′s d n]n. doctor who performs operations外科医生 eg:
a dental surgeon一位牙科医生
▲①surgery [′s d rI]n. [U] the science and practice of treating injuries and disease by manual and instrumental operations外科 eg:
qualified in both surgery and medicine内外科皆合格的
②physician[fI′zI n]n. person qualified to practise both medicine and surgery 医生（尤指内科医生） eg:
He was a physician.他是内科医生。
14. sentence[′sent ns](1)n. punishment判决；宣判 eg:
The sentence of court was three years imprisonment.
法院的判决是三年徒刑。
(2)vt. state that sb. is to have a certain punishment判决；宣判 eg:
He was sentenced to death. 他被判处死刑。
15. declare[dI′kle ](1)vt. announce宣布，宣称（后接名词/从句复合句结构） eg:
The colonies declared their independence from England.
这些殖民地宣告脱离英国而独立。
She declared that she didn’t want to see him any more.
她声称她再也不想见到他了。
The chairman declared the meeting open.主席宣布开会。
The teacher declared him chosen.老师宣布他被选上了。
(2)vi. declare for/against赞成/反对 eg:
I declare for his opinion.我赞成他的观点。
16. court[k t]n. place where law-cases are held法庭 eg:
a court of law法院
The prisoner was brought to court for trial.那囚犯被提上法庭受审。
17. scale[skeIl]n. one of the two pans on a balance天平盘 eg:
hold the scales even（在……之间）公平裁判
18. symbol[′sImbl]n.[C]sign, mark, object etc. looked upon as representing sth.符号；象征；代表物 eg:
Red is a symbol of danger. 红色是危险的象征。
The cross is the symbol of Christianity.十字架是基督教的象征。
二、同、近义词辨析
1. flesh与meat
(1)flesh n.[U]通常指人或动物身上的肉。 eg:
Tigers are flesh-eating animals.老虎是食肉动物。
He has put on flesh. 他胖了。
(2)meat指提供食用的兽类的肉（区别于鱼或禽类的肉）。 eg:
I like meat while my sister likes fish.我喜欢肉，我姐姐喜欢鱼肉。
注：猪肉pork；牛肉beef;羊肉mutton;鹿肉venison;马肉horse meat；鸡肉chicken；鸭肉duck；鹅肉goose等。
2. be in love with sb.与fall in love with sb.
be in love with sb.“爱上”、“相爱”的意思，表状态，但fall in love with sb.表动作，即因受强烈吸引而“一见钟情”。 eg:
I’m madly in love with her.我发狂地爱着她。
I fell in love with Linda as soon as I saw her.我一见到琳达就爱上了她。
3. at sea, by sea与by the sea
(1)at sea表示“在茫茫大海上”，意指“离海岸很远”。 eg:
Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane.
由于飓风，好几艘船在海上失踪。
(2) by sea意为“经海路”，类似词组还有：by bus（乘汽车）；by train（乘火车）；by air/plane（乘飞机）；by ship（乘船）等。 eg:
We went there by sea. 我们乘船去那里。
(3)by the sea意为“在海边”。 eg:
The Whites lived by the sea.怀特一家住在海边。
4. agree to, agree with与agree on
（1）agree to意为“同意”，后面往往接计划、安排、建议、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形，含愿意协助工作之意。 eg:
Do you agree to this arrangement / proposal?
对于这个安排/建议你同意吗？
He didn’t agree to her taking up the job.他不同意她担任这项工作。
（2）agree with意为“与……（意见）一致”，后面一般接人，也可接意见，看法等。但不含协力合作之意，不用于被动。 eg:
I don’t agree with what you have said.我不同意你所说的。
I don’t agree with your idea.我不同意你的主意。
（3）agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”。 eg:
The two sides have agreed on the date of negotiations.
双方商定了谈判的日期。
三、语言点讲解
1. It’s useless trying to argue with Shylock.和夏洛克争论没用。
(1)It is useless/no use/no good+ doing sth.是个主从复合句，其真正的主语是其后动词的v.-ing形式，译成“做某事没用/好处”。 eg:
It’s no use telling me not to worry.告诉我别担心是没用的。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.（谚语）覆水难收，悔恨无益。
(2)argue (with sb.) (about/ over sth.)（与某人）争论（某事） eg:
Don’t argue with me over it.不要就这件事跟我争论。
2. If you offered me six times what you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.即使你愿意给我六倍于你刚才提出的钱数，我也要得到我应得的一磅肉。
(1)句中if=even if，作“即使”，“如果”解，引导让步状语从句。注意：句中谓语动词用了虚拟语气。 eg:
If he said that, he didn’t expect you to take it personally.即便他是那样说的，他也并不是针对你个人而言的。
(2)times (n.)在句中作“倍数”解。表示“A是B的几倍大（高、长、宽等）”或“A比B大（高、长、宽等）几倍”时，常用下面3个句型：
①A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B. eg:
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
②A is three (four, etc.) times the size (height, length, width, etc.) of B.
eg: This street is three times the length of that one.
这条街是那条街的三倍长。
The tower is twice the height of the building.
这塔是那幢楼房的二倍高。
注：用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在三或三以上的数，表示两倍不用two times，而用twice或double,一倍则用once。
③A is three (four, etc.) bigger (higher, longer, wider, etc.) than B. eg:
The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.那个会议室比我们办公室大三倍。（会议室是我们办公室的四倍大。）
3. Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 夏洛克如果你不宽恕别人，你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？
(1)when在这里相当于if。 eg:
I’ll come when I’m needed.如果需要我，我就来。
(2)hope for sth.为固定词组，译为“希望，盼望”。 eg:
After this dry weather people all hope for rain.
经过了这段干旱，人们普遍希望下雨。
How I hoped for his speedy recovery!我多么希望他早日康复啊！
4. Please be seated.请坐。
常用表示“请坐”的词组有：seat oneself; be seated, sit down; take one’s seat; take one’s place。其中seat可作及物动词或名词，意为“使……坐；容纳；座位”。sit为不及物动词。 eg:
Our hall can seat 1,000 people.我们大厅能容纳1，000人。
He seated himself near the side of the river.他在河边坐了下来。
I found him seated (sitting) on the bench.我发现他坐在凳子上。
5. What are you accused of?你被控告犯了什么罪？
accuse[ ′kju z]vt. say that sb. has done wrong控告；告发
常用于词组accuse sb. (of sth.) 控告某人（犯某项罪）。 eg:
The man accused her of theft.那个人控告她盗窃罪。
6. My fate is a consequence of bad fortune.我的命运一直不好。
consequence[′k nsIkw ns]n.
(1)[C]that which follows or is brought about as the result or effect of sth.（某事）后果；影响 eg:
If you behave so foolishly you must be ready to take the consequences.
如果你这样愚昧下去，你必须准备自食其果。
(2)[U]importance重要性 eg:
Is it of any/ much consequence?它有任何（大的）重要性吗？
7. To do great right, do a little wrong and in that way we can save Antonio.做大而正确的事，犯点儿小错误，这样我们才能救安东尼奥。
本句中的right和wrong都是名词，right作“正义，权利”讲；wrong作“邪恶；不义”讲。 eg:
May God defend the right.愿上帝维护正义。
He has no right to do that.他没有权利做那件事。
They know the difference between right and wrong.他们能辨别是非善恶。
They have done me a great wrong.他们对待我非常不公正。
8. Let me take you in my arms and say goodbye.让我拥抱你一下，说声再见吧。
take sb. in one’s arms意为“拥抱”。 eg:
The mother took her son in her arms and cried.母亲把孩子抱在怀里，哭了。
9. However, he agreed to lend Antonio the money on one condition.不管怎么说，他答应借钱给安东尼奥，但有一个条件。
on one condition意为“规定一个条件”。 eg:
I will let you go on one condition. 我让你去，但有个条件。
除此之外，on this/ that/ no/ what condition含义是“在这种（那种，没有的，什么）情形下”。 eg:
You must on no condition tell him what has happened.
你无论在什么情形下都不能告诉他所发生的事。
▲而on condition (that)= provided that,条件是…… eg:
You can go swimming on condition (that) you don’t go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以去游泳。
10. Bassanio tried to keep Antonio from accepting these terms.巴萨尼奥设法阻止安东尼奥接受条件。
term在此句的含义是“条件（condition）” eg:
terms of surrender投降的条件
11. He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.他很年轻，但是，我过去从来不知道有这么年轻又如此聪明的人。
在一个带有形容词的名词词组中，不定冠词a/an通常放在形容词的前面。 eg:
a young lady一位年轻女士
但是，如果形容词前有as, so, too, how时a/an就该放在形容词后，其结构是：as/ too/ so/how+ adj. +a/an +n. eg:
Did you notice that you had made so serious a mistake?
你注意到你已经犯了一个很严重的错误吗？
How wonderful a plan it would be!多好的一个计划啊！
四、典型病句诊断
1.病句：Russian is such difficult a language for us Chinese to learn.
诊断：Russian is so difficult a language for us Chinese to learn.
点拨：so修饰的中心词应该是形容词和副词，当它修饰一个带有形容词的名词词组时，要构成so +adj. +a/an + n.结构。此句还可以表达成：
Russian is such a difficult language for us Chinese to learn.
2.病句：The young couple sat themselves upon a bench that stood by the lake.
诊断：The young couple seated themselves upon a bench that stood by the lake.
点拨：sit为不及物动词，后面不能接宾语，而seat为及物动词，可以接宾语。
3.病句：This island is two times as big as that one.
诊断：This island is twice as big as that one.
点拨：表“倍数”时，两倍的表示法是twice,而不是two times,三倍及三倍以上才用times。
4.病句：It is no good to stay up late.
诊断：It is no good staying up late.
点拨：It is/was no good/no use/useless的后面要接doing，而不能接to do。
5.病句：You must permit me never to be late again.
诊断：You must promise me never to be late again.
点拨：permit sb. to do是主语同意宾语做某事，此义在本句中讲不通，而promise sb. to do是答应某人（主语）做某事，才适合句意。
6.病句：Judged by his appearance, he is a wealthy man.
诊断：Judging by his appearance, he is a wealthy man.
点拨：“从（通过）……来判断”应该是用judging by/from，放句首，作状语。
7.病句：It was him who was late for school yesterday.
诊断：It was he who was late for school yesterday.
点拨：在强调句型中，若被强调部分是主语，必须用主格形式。
8.病句：Jane prefers stay at home rather than go out.
诊断：Jane prefers to stay at home rather than go out.
点拨：表“宁愿……而不愿……”的句型应该是prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.。
9.病句：I hope you to turn up the meeting.
诊断：I hope that you’ll turn up the meeting.
点拨：无hope sb. to do结构。但可说成hope t odo sth.或hope后接宾语从句。
10. 病句：Great changes have been taken place in China in the past 20 years.
诊断：Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.
点拨：take place作“发生”讲时，是一个不及物动词词组，不能用于被动。
五、类文阅读针对性练习（20分，15分钟）
A
The English Theatre
The most important period in the history of the English theatre was the reign（王朝）of Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ when William Shakespeare was alive. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He was the only author of the period that people seem to know about, although students of literature（文学）and drama（剧）know about others as well—writers like Kyd and Marlowe. Shakespeare plays were as popular then as they are now, and the theatre was probably the most popular form of entertainment available at that time.
In 1642, however, the theatres were closed because Oliver Gromwell who was ruling England at that time, thought theatres were immoral（不正经的）places. The theatre was made legal（合法）—that is to say they were allowed to open again—when Charles Ⅱ became King after he had been forced to live on the Continent while Gromwell was in Power.
The only other time that London theatres closed was for a brief period during the Second World War because of the danger of bombing.
1. The reign of Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ was the most important period in the history of English theatre because .
A. William Shakespeare lived in the period
B. the theatre was the most popular form of entertainment available at that time
C. Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ was in power
D. students know about Kyd and Marlowe
2. People seem to know about among the writers of that period.
A. Shakespeare only B. Shakespeare and Kyd and Marlowe
C. Kyd and Marlowe D. Marlowe and other writers
3. In the sentence “Shakespeare’s plays were as popular then as they are now”,“they”refers to .
A. Kyd and Marlowe B. Shakespeare and other writers
C. Kyd and Marlowe’s plays D. Shakespeare’s plays
4. The theatres were closed in 1642 because .
A. Charles Ⅱ became King after he had forced to live on the Continent
B. Oliver Gromwell didn’t like plays
C. the theatres were made legal
D. Charles Ⅱ thought the theatres were immoral places
5. The theatres were closed .
A. only once B. twice C. for many times D. three times

B
Hemingway(1898—1961)was born in Illinois. His family took him, as a boy, hunting and fishing trips and so made him know early the kinds of virtues, such as courage and endurance（忍耐）, which were later shown in his stories. After high school, he worked as a newspaper reporter and then went abroad to take part in World War Ⅰ. After the war, he lived for several years in Paris. It was not long before he began publishing remarkable short stories. In the year he left Paris he published the powerful novel The Sun Also Rises. His subjects were often war and its effects on people, or contests（竞赛）, such as hunting or bullfighting(斗牛), which demand endurance and courage.
Hemingway’s style of writing is striking. His sentences are short, his words are simple, yet they are often filled with feelings. A careful reading can show us, further more, that we see how the action of his stories continue during the silence, during the times his characters say nothing. This action is often full of meaning. There are times when the most powerful effect comes from restraint（克制）. Such times happen often in Hemingway’s writings. He perfected the art of expressing excitement with few words.
6. Hemingway was .
A. an American fisherman B. an English poet
C. an American writer D. an English scientist
7. Which of the following was written by Hemingway?
A. The Old Man and The Sea. B. The Ugly Duckling.
C. The Daughter of The Sea. D. The Gifts.
8. Hemingway’s short stories were first published .
A. before World War Ⅰ B. in World War Ⅰ
C. after World War Ⅰ D. in the year before he left Paris
9. What do you know about Hemingway as a boy from the article?
A. He was very brave and bright. B. He liked writing short stories.
C. He often went hunting and fishing. D. He was good at hunting and fishing.
10. Why is Hemingway’s style of writing striking?
A. His words are short. B. His sentences are simple.
C. His writings are filled with feelings. D. He is a master of the pause.

【综合技能导读】
一、生词和词组
1. advance[ d′v ns](1)vt. & vi. come or go forward 前进 eg:
Our troops have advanced two miles.我们的部队已经前进了两英里。
He advanced on me in a threatening manner.他以威胁的姿态向我走来。
(2)vi. rise上涨 eg:
Stock market prices continue to advance.股票市场价格继续上涨。
(3)vt. move, put or help forward提前；提出；提升 eg:
He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of manager.
他工作非常努力，所以不久就被提升到经理的职位了。
(4)vt. pay before the due date预付 eg:
He asked his employer to advance him a month’s salary.
他要求雇主先付他一个月的薪水。
(5)n. [U,C]forward movement; progress前进；进步 eg:
Science has made great advances during the last fifty years.
科学在过去的五十年间内有很大进步。
▲in advance (beforehand; ahead of time)提前 eg:
It is not necessary to let him know in advance.没有必要提前让他知道。
2. justice[′d stIs]n. the quality of being right and fair公正；正义 eg:
treat all men with justice公平对待所有的人 the sense of justice正义感
To do him justice, we must admit that his intentions were good.
公平而论，我们必须承认他的用意是好的。
▲just [d st]adj. in accordance with what is right 公平的；公正的；正直的 eg:
a just man一个正直的人 a just sentence一个公平的判决。
3. murder[′m d ](1)vt. kill unlawfully and in purpose谋杀 eg:
A man was murdered last night.昨晚一个人被谋杀了。
(2)n. [U]unlawfully killing of a human谋杀 eg:
He was declared guilty of murder.他被宣判犯杀人罪。
▲murderer[′m d r ]n. person guilty of murder 谋杀犯；凶手 eg:
a cruel murderer一个残忍的凶手
4. go down on one’s knees: kneel down 跪下；屈膝
其中go也可以用get替代，即get down on one’s knees。 eg:
Never go down on your knees and begged for mercy.在敌人面前决不能屈膝。
▲注：go down on one’s knees与get down on one’s knees意思相同，但go down与get down意思不同。go down意为“下落”、“减弱”，而get down作“放下”、“写下”解。 eg:
I couldn’t get down what he said. 我没能把他说的话都记录下来。
On the fourth day, his fever went down.到了第四天，他的烧退了。
5. punishment[′p nI m nt]n.[U,C] punishing or being punished惩罚；被处罚 eg:
Whoever breaks the law won’t escape from punishment.
任何犯法的人都不会逃脱惩罚。
▲punish[′p nI ]vt. cause sb. suffering 处罚；惩罚 eg:
punish a man with/by a fine处某人以罚金
6. immediately[I′mi dI tlI](1)adv. at once, without delay立刻；立即 eg:
We must act immediately.我们必须立刻行动。
(2)conj. as soon as 一……就…… eg:
You may leave immediately he comes.他一到来，你可以立即离开。
▲类似能引导时间状语从句的连词还有；the last time, each time, the first time, next time, the moment, instantly, the minute, the instant等。 eg:
You’ll be struck by her beauty the moment you see her.
你一见到她，就会被她的美丽而打动。
Every time he came to Shanghai, he would pay a visit to her.
每次他来上海，都要去拜访她。
7. order[′ d ]v. & n.
(1)vt. give an order命令；订购；订做；点菜
常用于下列句型：①place an order for sth. (with sb.)（和某人）订购某物
②order sb. to do命令某人做某事
③order that+ 主语+ (should) do（虚拟）
(2)跟order的句型用法一样的词还有：arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, propose, request, require, suggest, etc. eg:
He ordered a glass of beer. 他要了一杯啤酒。
He placed an order for a car with a car factory for his son.
为了他儿子，他和一家汽车制造厂订购了一辆汽车。
The boss ordered us to finish the work on time.
老板命令立即开始工作。
8. sword[s d]n. weapon with a long thin metal blade剑；刀 eg:
cross swords with sb.（喻）与……争论 draw the sword(修饰)开战
put to the sword（修饰）杀死 at the point of the sword在暴力威胁下
9. conflict[′k nflIkt]v. & n.
(1)n. [C]fight战斗，争执 eg:
a long and bitter conflict between employers and workers
劳资之间旷日持久的争执
(2)n.[C,U] opposition冲突；抵触 eg:
the conflict between duty and desire责任与欲望的冲突
a conflict of evidence证据的互相抵触
▲be in conflict (with)（与……）相冲突 eg:
Your statement is in conflict with other evidence.
你的陈述与其他证据相冲突。
(3)vi. conflict(with)与……冲突 eg:
Their account of the cause of the war conflicts with ours.
他们对于战争起因的报道与我们的相反。
10. complex[′k mpleks](1)adj. difficult to understand or explain错综复杂的；难解的 eg:
a complex argument一次复杂的争论 a complex sentence复合句
(2)n. [C] complex whole, fear复合体；情绪 eg:
a building complex综合建筑
He has a complex about his weight.他过分关心他的体重。
11. tragedy[′tr d dI]n.[C,U]branch of the drama of a serious or solemn kind悲剧
▲tragic[′tr d Ik]adj. of tragedy悲剧的 eg:
a tragic actor/event 悲剧演员（悲惨事件）
[及] comedy[′k m dI]n. branch of drama that deals with everyday life and humorous events喜剧 eg:
He prefers comedy to tragedy.他比较喜欢喜剧而不太喜欢悲剧。

二、语言点讲解
1. Please forgive me for all I’ve said and done.请原谅我的言语行为。
forgive[f ′gIv]vt. & vi. (p. t. forgave; p. p. forgiven)原谅；宽恕；赦免
常用于词组forgive sb. (sth./ for doing sth.) 结构中，表示宽恕某人某事，因某事而宽恕（原谅）某人。 eg:
Can you forgive me for being rude/ forgive my rudeness?
你能宽恕我的鲁莽吗？
2. Although you’ve not shown yourself worthy of our kindness, you’ll see the difference of our spirit.虽然你不值得我们的善心相待，但你将看到我们法律的真谛。
be worthy of在此表示“值得”，其后接褒义名词或动名词的被动语态。 eg:
The question is worthy of consideration/ being considered.这个问题值得考虑。
此外，还有be worthy to do/ to be done结构。 eg:
He is a man who is worthy to have a place in the team.
他是一个值得在该团体获得一个位置的人。
The film is worthy to be seen.这部电影值得看。
▲“be worth”也表示“值得做某事”，但其后只能接动名词的主动语态，代替被动意义。即be worth doing。 eg:
The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得读。
注：修饰worth要用副词well，而不能用very。
3. My money and goods are as dear to me as life itself.我的钱和财产对我就像生命一样宝贵。
“dear”在此处作“珍贵的”解释。 eg:
Fame and power are very dear to him.名誉和权力对他来说是非常珍贵的。
注：dear与expensive的区分：
①两者都有“（价格）昂贵的”意思，都不能与price连用，此时可以互相替换。
eg: The oranges are dear/ expensive.橘子很贵。
（不能说成The price of the oranges is dear/ expensive,而要说成The price of the oranges is high.）
②dear所表示的贵是超过常情的贵，而expensive所表示的贵，有“物美价高非购买者财力所及”之意。 eg:
A car worth 100,000 yuan is very expensive.
价值十万元的车太贵了。（此处不能用dear）
4. Shylock must promise to leave the money upon his death to his daughter and her husband.夏洛克必须许诺，他一死，就把钱留给他的女儿及女婿。
句中“upon one’s death”译为“某人一死/死后”，即on/upon+ doing/n.表示“一……就……”。 eg:
On arriving in Beijing, I’ll telephone you. 一到北京，我就给你打电话。
（=On/ Upon arrival in Beijing, I’ll telephone you.）
5. She saw immediately that the other woman had switched the babies. 她立刻明白另外一个女人把孩子换了。
(1)句中的see在此是“了解；领会；明白”之意，不能用于进行时。 eg:
He didn’t see the point of the story.他不明白故事的含义。
(2)switch[swIt ]vt. & vi. ①shift, change转变；改变 eg:
switch the conversation (to a less embarrassing subject)改变谈话内容（谈论较不尴尬的话题）
②use a switch to turn on/off接通或切断 eg:
Switch the light.打开电灯。
(2)n.[C] device to making and breaking an electric circuit（电路的）开关
eg: a two-way switch双线/双路开关
三、综合技能针对性练习（45分，30分钟）
（一）单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）
1. Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people?[N]
A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such
2. The young man works like crazy from a to become rich.
A. need B. desire C. order D. suggestion
3. Mr Lin take us out for a picnic next weekend.
A. promised us B. expect us to C. agreed us to D. decided to
4. When he entered the room, he found Mary at the desk, reading.[N]
A. seating B. sat C. seated D. sitting herself
5. I’ll lend you the money only on you can pay on time.
A. one condition; for it B. condition that; for it
C. one condition; it back D. condition that; it back
6. The couple for five years.[N]
A. marrying; have married B. marrying; have been married
C. married; have married D. married; have been married
7. Mike with Jane for one year.
A. has been in love B. has fallen in love C. has been loved D. has loved
8. Immediately I my homework, I’ll have a hot bath.
A. have finished to do B. finish to do
C. have finished doing D. had finished
9.—Have you seen her recently?
—Yes. that I met her in the cinema yesterday.
A. It happened B. It happens C. It so happened D. It so happens
10. The commander ordered that the wounded to hospital right away.
A. to be sent B. be sent C. send D. should send
11. You know about it than Tom does.
A. even little B. even less C. more little D. more less
12. You say you will not do it, but I say you do it.[N]
A. shall B. will C. would D. need
13. The people in the small country would never on their knees before the oppressors.
A. lie down B. sit down C. go down D. stand up
14.—Be good to your wife, Tom.
— .
A. I promise B. I permit C. I forbid D. I practise
15. the man left all his money to his child.
A. When he dies B. Before he was dying
C. After he is dead D. Upon his death
（二）完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）
Tracy Wong is a well-known Chinese-American writer. But her writing 1 was something she picked up by herself. After he first 2 ,teaching disabled children, she became a part-time writer for IBM. 3 , writing stories was simply a 4 interest. Tracy sent three of her stories to a publisher（出版商）. 5 , they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long 6 and paid Tracy a $ 50,000 advance.“A pretty money,”said the publisher, “for 7 writer.”
8 Tracy’s characters（人物）are interesting, her stories sometimes 9 reader uneasy: those about the supernatural.“My mother believed I could 10 the afterlife world,”she told a close friend.“She used to have me speak with my grandmother, who died many years ago.”
“Can I? I don’t think I can, ”Tracy said with a laugh.“But I do have 11 when things come to me 12 .”Once, she was wondering how to complete a 13 set in ancient(古代的)China. 14 the doorbell rang. It was a delivery man, with a copy of a book on Chinese 15 . It came without her having 16 it.
Though she has published 10 books, Tracy has remained 17 by her fame. She lives in the same 18 she lived 27 years ago—although in a more comfortable home. There’s more room for 19 in her life—and it wasn’t just 20 .
1.A. skill B. experience C. practice D. method
2.A. duty B. effort C. job D. task
3.A. Instead B. Normally C. Certainly D. Then
4.A. general B. deep C. personal D. lively
5.A. Interested B. Anxiously C. Seriously D. Encouraged
6.A. film B. story C. program D. article
7.A. a foreign B. a popular C. an unusual D. an unknown
8.A. Now that B. Even though C. Just because D. Except that
9.A. find B. turn C. leave D. hold
10.A. make up B. connect with C. control D. explain
11.A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments
12.A. for no reason B. from a distance C. by accident D. as gifts
13.A. description B. pointing C. scene D. talk
14.A. Surprisingly B. Suddenly C. Expectedly D. Fortunately
15.A. cooking B. history C. play D. medicine
16.A. known B. sent C. realized D. ordered
17.A. unchanged B. excited C. determined D. unmoved
18.A. life B. city C. house D. way
19.A. success B. work C. joy D. variety
20.A. writing B. reporting C. teaching D. telling

【单元语法讲解】
一、单元语法知识归纳
直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and Indirect Speech)
（一）定义
直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接。间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接。 eg:
1. Direct: He said,“We are going to see Romeo and Juliet this evening.”
他说：“今天晚上我们要去看《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。”
Indirect: He said that they were going to see Romeo and Juliet that evening.
2. Direct:“If I’m free today,” she said,“I’ll read over it.”
“如果今天有空，”她说：“我就读完它。”
Indirect: She said if she free that day she would read over it.
由例句可以看出，直接引语变间接引语时，不仅要用宾语从句表达，增加连词that等，而且句中的人称，时态，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语等都要作相应变化。其变化为：
（1）人称代词的变化
一般地说，除引述本人原话外，通常把直接引语中的第一、二人称代词变为间接引语中的第三人称代词。有时第二人称代词可变为间接引语中的第一人称代词，或根据具体情况保持不变。
I told Tom,“I don’t agree with you.”
→I told Tom that I didn’t agree with him.
Mary said,“I’ll call again after supper.”
→Mary said that she would call again after supper.
（2）时态的变化
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时（客观事实，真理等除外）
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过来将来时
注：若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句中的谓语动词要作相应变化；若主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无须变化。
（3）指示代词，时间状语，地点状语及动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 thisthese thatthose
时间状语 nowtodaythis week (month, etc.)yesterdaylast week (month, etc.)three days(a year, etc.)ago/ tomorrownext week (month, etc.) thenthat daythat week (month, etc.)the day beforethe week (month, etc.) beforethree days (a year, etc.) beforethe next/ following daythe next/ following week(month, etc.)
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
（二）直接引语和间接引语的转换
1.陈述句/感叹句：去掉冒号，引号，用that引导宾语从句。 eg:
He said,“I’m going to Beijing.”→ He said that he was going to Beijing.
“What a lovely girl!”They said.→They said that she was a lovely girl.
2.一般疑问句/反意疑问句：去冒号和引号，用if/whether接宾语从句，且用陈述语序。 eg:
He asked,“Are you a teacher?”→He asked me if/ whether I was a teacher.
3.特殊疑问句：去冒号和引号，由原疑问词引导宾语从句，且用陈述语序。 eg:
She said,“What are you doing?”→She asked me what I was doing.
4.祈使句：转述时通常改为“ask (want, beg, tell, order)+宾语+动词不定式”的简单句。 eg:
He said,“Please turn on the light.”→He asked me to turn on the light.
5.肯定，否定并立的两个祈使句的转述，一般要用“not…but”并列连词。 eg:
The teacher said,“Don’t look out of the window, look at your textbooks.”→
The teacher told his students not to look out of the window but look at their textbooks.
（三）时态不变的特殊情况。
1.当直接引语是客观真理。 eg:
He said,“The earth goes round the sun.”
→He said that the earth goes round the sun.
2.当直接引语中有具体的过去某年，某月，某日作状语。 eg:
Mr Wang said,“I was born in China in September, 1972.”
→Mr Wang said he was born in China in September, 1972.
3.当直接引语是过去完成时态。 eg:
She said,“They had left when I arrived there.”
→She said they had left when she arrived there。
4.当主句谓语动词是一般现在时，现在完成时，或一般将来时。 eg:
She says,“Miss Liu is good at English.”
→She says Miss Liu is good at English.
5.当天转述或当地转述别人的原话，且直接引语表示将来时。 eg:
Mr Wang said,“I’ll visit the Great Wall tomorrow.”
→Mr Wang said he’ll visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
6.当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。
He said,“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
→He said where there is a will, there is a way.
二、单元语法知识专项练习（42分，30分钟）
（一）把下列直接引语转换成间接引语（每小题2分，共20分）
1.“It’s impossible for us to finish the work today,”they said.

2. My mother often says,“When the time comes, you’ll know.”

3.“I’m going fishing with some friends next week,”he informed me.

4. The doctor said,“There’s nothing much the matter with you.”

5.“Last night, I was sleeping soundly when I was suddenly awakened,”she said.

6. He said,“Do you want to come here again?”

7.“What’s your name?”the headmaster asked.

8. “Would you buy me some cakes, Mum?”the little girl asked.

9.“Please stand up and answer my questions,”Mr Wang said to us.

10. She asked me,“You have heard of him, haven’t you?”

（二）把下列间接引语转换成直接引语（每小题2分，共20分）
1. Dick said that he would take Mary there the next time.

2. Professor Chen said that light travels faster than sound.

3. Smith said that John had told him about his past three days before.

4. The nurse warned the children not to go near the river.

5. David asked why I was looking through the keyhole then.

6. The manager asked me whether I preferred to sit in the front rows or back rows.

7. She asked what time it was.

8. She told me to follow the instructions.

9. She said that she had seen the film and that it was good.

10. She said she would visit the Great Wall the next week.

（三）高考题（每小题1分，共2分）
1. The teacher asked us so much noise.(2003,北京,1分)
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
2. I you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it.（2004，全国，1分）
A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked




一、听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
听下面5段对话从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项
1. What is the man?
A. A filmmaker. B. A director. C. A comedian.
2. Where was William Shakespeare born?
A. America. B. France. C. England.
3. How does the woman feel about the play?
A. It is just so-so. B. It is excellent. C. It is bad.
4. Who is Hamlet?
A. A character in a play. B. A writer. C. A poet.
5. How many poems did Shakespeare write?
A. 37. B. 150. C. 154.
第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
听下面3段对话或独白，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项
听第6段材料，回答第6～9题
6. Where do they usually go for holiday?
A. Suzhou. B. Lushan C. Hangzhou.
7. Why doesn’t the man want to go to Lushan?
A. It is located in the east. B. He has been there before.
C. He doesn’t like living in a wooden house.
8. Which of the following is mentioned about Harbin?
A. Wooden house, cold. B. Beautiful lakes, tiger.
C. Silly place, dark.
9. Will the two speakers go to Tibet?
A. Yes. B. No. C. The dialogue doesn’t mention it.
听第7段材料，回答第10～12题
10. What has made working at home possible?
A. Personal computers. B. Communication industry.
C. Living far from companies.
11. Why do some people prefer working at home?
A. To save time. B. To get more jobs. C. To make more money.
12. What might happen in the future?
A. The British firm could move to Belfast.
B. We might work at home for a foreign company.
C. We could call for the labor in Spain.
听第8段材料，回答第13～15题
13. Why do some children want to be writers?
A. They want to make money.
B. They like people to read the books written by them.
C. They like reading books.
14. How did many people become writers?
A. They were born great writers.
B. They read as many books as they could in their lifetime.
C. They watched TV in their spare time.
15. What did most great writers do before they started school?
A. They began to write. B. They were read to. C. They read books.
二、单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1. It is useless to persuade him to stop smoking.
A. try B. to try C. trying D. tried
2. The two scientists are believed the fame honoured by the government and the people.[N]
A. to be worthy of B. of being worth C. of worth D. worth being
3. The balloon Li Ming’s father has just bought for him is mine.
A. as three times big as B. three times the size of
C. three times big as D. as three times the size of
4. We were in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. （2003，上海）
A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
5.“The room is so dirty, we clean it?”“Of course.”（2003，北京，春季）
A. will B. shall C. would D. do
6. I him ,but he refused.
A. persuaded; to go home B. persuaded; from going home
C. prevent; from going home D. tried to prevent; going home
7. Our troops have the enemy’s food supplies.
A. cut out B. cut off C. cut down D. cut away
8.—David has made great progress recently.
— ,and .
A. So has he; so you have B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
9. Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
10. The child showed excellent in choosing the dress.
A. decision B. judgement C. thought D. determination
11.—You could have asked your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.
—Yes. A whole day .
A. will waste B. has wasted C. has wasted D. would be wasted
12. He often went on with his research work into the night.
A. deeply B. deep C. depth D. deepen
13. The beauty of Hangzhou is words can describe.
A. much than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
14. Why! I have nothing to confess. You want me to say?(2004,上海)
A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that
15. ,he is much older than I am.
A. Judged from his appearance B. Generally speaking
C. In actual fact D. Telling the truth
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Making a film takes a long time and is very hard work. 1 the story for the film may take many weeks. Shooting the film often takes 2 six months. Actors and cameramen work 3 very early in the morning until late at night. Each scene 4 and reacted, filmed and refilmed, until it is just 5 . Some times the same scene 6 have to be acted many times.
The film studio is like a large 7 , and the indoors stages are very big indeed. Scenery of all kinds 8 in the studio: churches, houses and forests are all built 9 wood and cardboard.
10 people work together to make one film. 11 of these people are the actors and actresses. The director of the film, however, is the most 12 person in a film studio. He 13 how the scenes should be filmed and how the actors should act.
14 people go to see a film because they know the film stars in it. 15 the film may be very poor. It is best to 16 a film 17 by a good director. Some 18 directors make their films very 19 . People feel that they themselves are 20 the people in the film.
1. A. To write B. Writing C. To make D. Making
2. A. about B. at most C. at least D. for
3. A. from B. when C. since D. for
4. A. has to act B. has acted C. has to be acted D. has be acted
5. A. really B. right C. well D. finished
6. A. must B. can C. should D. may
7. A. factory B. school C. hall D. cinema
8. A. is taken B. are taken C. are made D. is made
9. A. from B. of C. by D. into
10. A. Several hundred B. A hundred C. Several D. A few
11. A. Few B. None C. All D. Some
12. A. different B. important C. difficult D. hard
13. A. decides B. thinks C. hopes D. remembers
14. A. All B. Few C. Most D. No
15. A. Some times B. Some time C. Sometime D. Sometimes
16. A. pick B. choose C. select from D. watch
17. A. was made B. which made C. made D. having made
18. A. famous B. known C. old D. young
19. A. true B. real C. truly D. really
20. A. of B. between C. among D. for
四、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
THEATRE
City Varieties
The Headrow, Leeds. Tel. 430808
Oct 10—11 only A Night at the Varieties. All the fun of an old music hall with Barry Cryer, Duggle Brown, 6 dancers, Mystina, Jon Barker, Anne Duval and the Tony Harrison Trio. Laugh again at the old jokes and listen to your favourite songs.
Performances: 8 pm nightly.
Admission: ￡5; under 16 or over 60: ￡4.
York Theater Royal
St Leonard’s Place, York. Tel. 223568
Sept 23—Oct 17 Groping for Words—a comedy by Sue Townsend. Best known for her Adrian Mole Diaries, Townsend now writes about an evening class which two men and a woman attend. A gentle comedy. Admission: First night, Mon: ￡2; Tues—Fri; ￡3.25—5.50;Sat: ￡3.50—5.57.
Halifax Playhouse
King’s Cross Street, Halifax. Tel. 365998
Oct 10—17 On Golden Pond by Ernest Thompson. This is magical comedy about real people. A beautifully produced, well-acted play for everyone. Don’t miss it.
Performances: 7:30 pro.
Admission: ￡2. Mon: 2 seats for the price of one.
Grand Theatre
Oxford Street , Leeds. Tel. 502116
Restaurant and Café.
Oct 1—17 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13. Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.
Performances: Evenings 7:45. October 10—17, at 2:30 pro. No Monday performances.
Admission, Tues—Thurs: ￡2—5; Fri & Sat: ￡2—6.
1. Which theatre offers the cheapest seat?
A. Halifax Playhouse. B. City Varieties.
C. Grand Theatre. D. York Theatre Royal
2. If you want to see a play with old jokes and songs, which phone number will you ring to book a seat?
A. 502116 B. 223568. C. 365998. D. 430808.
3. We may learn from the text that Sue Townsend is .
A. a writer B. an actress C. a musician D. a director

B
O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer for short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in bank, when some money went missing from the bank, O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People like his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the reader’s surprise.
4. People enjoyed reading O. Henry’s stories because .
A. they had surprise endings B. they were easy to understand
C. they showed his love for the poor D. they were about New York City
5. Henry went to prison because .
A. people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper
B. he broke the law by not using his own name
C. he wanted to write stories about prisoners
D. people thought he had taken money that was not his
6. What do we know about O. Henry before he began writing?
A. He was well-educated. B. He was not serious about his work.
C. He was devoted to the poor. D. He was very good at learning.
7. Where did O. Henry get most material for his short stories?
A. His life inside the prison. B. The newspaper articles he wrote.
C. The city and people of New York. D. His exciting early life as a boy.

C
If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like“Shakespeare”,“Samuel Johnson”and“Webster”,but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William the Conqueror.
Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, though not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English), a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.
But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction(区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some food, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more“foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.
8. The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 were .
A. Welsh and Scottish B. Nordic and Germanic
C. Celtic and Old English D. Anglo-Saxon and Germanic
9. Which of the following groups of words are, by inference; rooted in French?
A. President; lawyer; beef. B. President; bread; water.
C. Bread; field; sheep. D. Folk; field; cow.
10. Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe?
A. Most advertisements in France appear in English.
B. They know little of the history of the English language.
C. Many French words are similar to English ones.
D. They know French better than

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