一堂高中英语任务型阅读教学课的设计与反思
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[摘要] 新课程标准倡导在英语教学中采用任务型教学途径，让学生学会用英语做事，培养学生的交际能力。但教学中具体的可操作模式仍在探索、实践中。本文拟就自己的教学实践谈谈对高中英语任务型阅读教学课的设计与反思。
[关键词] 任务；设计
一、引言
教育部颁布的《全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准（实验稿）》把基础教育阶段英语课程的目标设定为以学生语言知识、语言技能、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的发展为基础，培养学生英语综合语言运用能力。为了更好地实现上述目标，新课程标准倡导任务型的教学模式，让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践，参与和合作等方式，实现任务的目标，感受成功：在学习过程中进行情感和策略调整，以形成积极的学习态度，促进语言实际运用能力的提高。这就要求教师依据课程的总体目标并结合教学内容，灵活地和有创造性地使用教材，设计贴近学生实际的教学活动，吸引和组织他们积极参与，并在此过程中培养发展学生用英语解决实际问题的能力和培养学生的创新精神。
下面笔者结合SEFC BOOK 2B Unit 23 Lesson 90的教学实践谈谈任务型教学如有在高中英语阅读教学中实施。
二、教学设计与反思
教学任务设计：
1、贴卡片，展示新旧电话的工作原理。
2、填表格，比较发现新式电话的优越性。
3、选功能，了解新式电话的新功能。
4、设计国产品牌的新款电话。
教学目标设计：
1、了解、掌握与电话及其功能有关的词汇。
2、了解电话的历史，理解课文内容，能流利、准确地谈论电话的工作原理及功能，发展学生的交际能力。
3、培养学生参加小组活动的能力和合作意识。
4、设计新款电话，发展学生的想象力，培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。
5、激发和培养学生的民族自尊心、自信心。
教学辅助手段：CAI多媒体课件、自制卡片、Worksheet、实物投影仪
课堂活动方式：Teacher-class, individuals, pairs, groups
教学课时：一课时
教学程序：
Step1. Leading-in
1、A free talk
Have a free talk with the students. Ask them this question: How do you keep in touch with your friends or families when they are not here? Write down their answers on the blackboard.
2、 A quiz
Do a quiz to test how much the students know about telephones. Show them some pictures and ask them to do a matching.
3、Picture show
Show the students some beautiful pictures of telephones. Let them imagine what future telephones will look like.
采用谈话方式导入自然亲切，拉近了师生之间的情感距离，营造出宽松的学习气氛，同时让学生了解有关电话的词汇。利民用多媒体对学生进行有关电话发展的小测试易于激发学生的兴趣和好奇心，调动学生参与课堂活动的积极性。向学生展示现代化的电话图片并让他们猜想未来电话的样子能激发学生的想象力，为后面的任务作铺垫，打下基础。
Step2. Reading
Get the students to read the text quickly ,trying to answer the following questions:
1、Were the earliest telephones popular? Why or why not?
2、When and where was the first telephone directory printed?
设计问题并让学生带着问题进行速读，有利于训练学生的skimming 能力并使学生对电话的历史有初步了解。
Step3. Play a game
Divide the students into 2 groups. Give each group eight cards with phrases on them. Play the tape for the students. They should listen to the tape carefully. After listening, they work in their own groups. When the set time is due, each group sends their delegates to go to the blackboard and stick their cards on the blackboard，showing how a telephone worked in the past and how a telephone works now. The group which uses the shortest time will be the winner.
1
(in the past)
2
(now)
这一环节采用游戏及小组活动的方式有利于调动学生参加活动的热情，使其在激烈的竞争中不知不觉地了解了新旧电话的工作原理，并能使学生在活动中互相学习、互相帮助，互相鼓励，体验集体荣誉感和成就感，发展合作精神。
Step4. Fill in a form
Let the students read the text again and then fill in the form shown on the screen. Compare the earliest telephone and the new telephones. Try to see which are better.
TypesItems The earliest telephones Telephones of today
The quality(质量) of sound
The price of atelephone
How to make atelephone call
The way to send signals
素质教育要面向全体学生。填表格比较新旧电话质量性能、价格、拨打方式等的任务相对比较容易，可以让中、下层次的学生回答问题，给他们创造语言实践和自我表现的机会，使其体验成功并树立起学习的自信心。
Step5. A guess game
Invite the students to do a guess game. Let them read an advertisement and guess what new functions of telephones the two persons will choose. They should work in pairs.
Two men are now in a service hall(服务厅)of China Telecom. One of them is a doctor, the other is a manager. They are reading an advertisement that introduces new functions (功能)of telephones. Guess and discuss what new functions they may use.
Advertisement
1.Conference calling. It is possible to connect several telephone numbers together so that you can all speak. Even though you may be in different towns, you can still have your conference.
2.Dialling. With some models, you can record the telephone numbers of people who you call frequently. So, instead of dialling 12 numbers in order to speak to someone, you only have to dial a single number.
3.Redirection. If you are out of the office, you can have all calls redirected to another number. This is useful, especially for doctors.
4.Call waiting. With some models, if you are speaking on the phone, a signal shows you that somebody else is trying to call you. It also shows you the caller’s telephone number in order that you recognize who it is.
采用Pair-work方式进行讨论和猜测，预测上面任务中doctor 和manager可能选用的电话功能有利于发展学生的交际能力和逻辑思维能力。
Step6. Discussion
Work in groups of 4. Let the students discuss what other functions they can think of besides the new functions mentioned in the advertisement they read just now. Give them some examples to make sure they know clearly what to do.
通过讨论来拓展学习内容，创造条件让学生探究自己感兴趣的问题并自主解决问题，不仅有利于学生巩固前边所学知识，还有利于学生思维和想象力的发展，更为学生向最后的高级任务发起冲刺奠定了扎实基础。
Step7. Design new telephones
The competition between telephone companies is very fierce nowadays. Many foreign telephone companies are making new types of telephones and put them into market. Suppose you work for a Chinese telephone company in Wenzhou. Try to design a new type of telephone for your company.
设计电话这一环节有利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力，使学生理论联系实际，学以致用。同时让学生设计民族品牌的新电话有利于激发学生的民族的自尊心与自信心。
三、结束语
高中英语阅读课实施任务型教学需要执教教师首先认真学习“任务型”教学的有关理论，并在教学中大胆实践、创新，在认真分析教材及学生实际情况的基础上设计任务，合理安排教学环节，从而使学生学会用英语做事，在完成任务过程中体验成功，最大限度地向“最近发展区”发展。
主要参考文献：
教育部：《全日制义务教育普通高级中学英语课程标准（实验稿）》，北京师范大学出版社，2001年。
丁筱燕：“新标准 新理念 新课堂——Britain and Ireland 一课教学设计与教学反思”，《中小学外语教学》，2002年第9期。
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