NSEFC 高二 unit14 知识记忆（word study）
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知识记忆
§2.1 知识网络
1.prison n.监狱
The murderer went to prison last week.
那个杀人犯上周进了监狱。
The criminal’s wife went to the prison to visit her husband.
那个犯人的妻子去监狱探望了她的丈夫。
He is in prison now.That’s why we haven’t seen him for months.
他在坐牢，所以我们好几个月没见到他了。
It was reported that four men escaped from prison yesterday.
据报道，昨天四个人越狱逃跑了。
put…into prison把……投进监狱
The police arrested many people and later put them into prison.
警察逮捕了很多人，之后把他们关进了监狱。
He broke the law,and therefore was put into prison.
他违反了法律，所以被关进了监牢。
2.forbid vt.禁止，不让
forbid sb.to do sth.“禁止某人做某事”
I forbid you to stay out after midnight.
我禁止你半夜后仍待在外面。
It was useless to forbid children to play in the park.
禁止孩子在公园里玩是没用的。
“May I use your car?” “No,I forbid you to.”
“我可以用你的车吗？”“不可以，我不让你用。”
forbid sth./doing sth.“禁止（做）某事”，常用于被动语态。
Her father forbade their marriage.
她父亲禁止了他们的婚姻。
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.
这个音乐大厅禁止吸烟。
Walking on this grass is forbidden.
禁止在这块草地上走动。
3.soul n.灵魂；精神；气魄
Do you believe in the immortality of the soul?
你们相信灵魂不灭吗？
We prayed for the souls of the dead.
我们为死者的灵魂祈祷。
She puts her whole soul into her work.
她全心投入她的工作。
He put his heart and soul into the painting.
他全心全意地画那幅画。
keep body and soul together维持生活，糊口
He really doesn’t earn enough to keep body and soul together.
他挣不够足够的钱维持生活。
4.march vi.行进；行军；进展
The troops marched along the street.
军队行进在大街上。
The mayor marched at the head of the parade.
市长走在游行队伍的前头。
She marched upstairs without saying a word.
她一言不发，快步走上楼去。
The soldiers have marched 30 miles today.
那些士兵今天已经行军30英里。
march on前进，行进
I saw a group of soldiers marching on toward that mountain.
我看到一队士兵向那座山里进发了。
n.游行；行进；行军
The students will have a march after the match.
比赛结束后，学生们要举行游行活动。
They reached the camp after three days’ march.
行进了三天后，他们到达了营地。
on the march在行进中，在进行中，在进展中
The soldiers are on the march.
那些士兵在行进中。
Civilization is on the march.
文明在发展中。
5.separation n.分离，隔离
His separation from his family made him very sad.
与家人的离别使他很伤心。
She couldn’t bear the thought of separation from her children.
想到要与孩子分离，她就忍受不了。
They were pleased to meet after such a long separation.
久别重逢令他们很高兴。
We are together again after a separation of three years.
离别三年后，我们又在一起了。
separate vt.分离，隔离
Separate those two boys who are fighting.
把那两个打架的孩子分开。
This river separates England and Scotland.
这条河把英格兰与苏格兰隔开了。
separate…from…将……与……分开
England is separated from France by the English Channel.
英吉利海峡将英国与法国分开了。
Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
请把好苹果与坏苹果分开。
separate常用于被动语态，表示“与某人分手、离婚、失散。如：
Were you separated from your wife?
你和你妻子离婚了吗？
They got separated in the crowd.
他们在人群中失散了。
6.vote n.选举，投票，选举权
The captain of the team was elected by the vote of the members.
队长由队员投票选出。
A vote on this matter will be taken at the end of the discussion.
这件事讨论到最后就进行表决。
His motion came to the vote.
他的动议被提交表决。
There are still countries in the world where women do not have the vote.
世界上仍有一些国家的妇女没有选举权。
The law was passed by 205 votes to 112.
这项法律以205票对112票通过。
vote v.选举，投票
In those days women couldn’t vote.
那时候妇女无权投票。
vote on sth.就……投票表决
Now we will vote on this question.
现在我们对这个问题投票表决。
vote for/against…投票赞成/反对……
Most of the Republic Party voted for the measure.
大多数共和党议员对那些措施投了赞成票。
He voted against the plan.
他对该计划投了反对票。
vote to do sth.投票去做……
We voted to accept the proposal.
我们投票决定接受这项提案。
vote that…投票决定……(that从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可省略)
The committee voted that the game should be put off.
委员会投票决定比赛延期。
7.demand vt.要求，请求；查问
I demanded a clear answer.
我要求一个明确的答复。
The captain came down and demanded to know what was going on.
船长下来查问出什么事了。
He demanded to be told everything.
他要求告诉他一切。
demand后可接that从句，从句中用虚拟语气“（should）+动词原形”。
The head teacher demanded that we (should) clean the blackboard before every class.
班主任要求我们每节课前要擦干净黑板。
They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man.
他们要求给每个成年人选举权。
注：不可说demand sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。
demandvt.需要
This sort of work demands great patience.
这种工作需要很大的耐心。
The work demands your attention without delay!
这项工作要求你立刻关注。
demandn.需要；要求
demand for 对……要求；对……的需要
The workers’demand for higher wages seems reasonable.
工人们要求增加工资似乎是合理的。
Is there much demand/a great demand for teachers in this town?
这个城镇急需教师。
be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
Oil is in great demand these days.
现在对石油的需求很大。
His records are always in demand.
他的唱片总是需求很大。
satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求。
It’s impossible to satisfy everyone’s demands.
满足每个人的需求是不可能的。
8.achieve vt.完成，达到
He achieved his goal.
他达到了他的目标。
She has achieved her ambition to become a writer.
她实现了成为一名作家的抱负。
Success is achieved by hard work.
成功是靠努力获得的。
No one can achieve anything without effort.
没有人能够不努力而有所成就。
I achieved all I hoped to do today.
我已经做完了今天我想做的事。
achievementn.成就，完成，达到，成功
make a scientific achievement取得科学成就
The achievement of success depends on hard work.
成功的获得有赖于努力。
9.arrest vt.逮捕，拘留，扣留
The police arrested the thief last night.
警察昨晚逮捕了那个贼。
He was arrested for robbery.
他因抢劫而被捕。
The policeman arrested the man for carrying a gun.
警察以携带枪支罪逮捕了那个人。
I was arrested that day for speeding.
那天我因开车超速而被扣留。
arrestn.逮捕，拘留，扣留
The arrest of the judge is reported on the front page.
法官被捕的报道刊登在了报纸的头版。
The police made several arrests last week.
上周警察拘捕了几个人。
under arrest被捕，被拘留
You’re under arrest.你被捕了。
I was told that the murderer was under arrest.
有人告诉我，那个杀人犯已经被捕了。
10.sort vt.整理，把……进行分类
While you are sorting your things upstairs,I’ll pack your books.
你整理楼上的东西，我来给你的书打包。
Sort these socks according to their sizes.
请按大小把这些袜子分类。
The boy was sorting the foreign stamps he had collected.
那孩子在整理他收集的外国邮票。
sort out整理好；挑出
She spent a happy afternoon sorting out her coins and cards.
她愉快地过了一个下午，整理她收集的硬币和贺卡。
He sorted out the papers to be thrown away.
他挑出要抛弃的文件。
§2.2 发散思维
1.form vi.形成，构成，出现
A plan began to form in his mind.
一个计划开始在他的脑海里形成。
Steam forms when water boils.
水沸腾时会出现蒸气。
Form vt.养成，培养；组成
Schooling helps to form a child’s character.
学校教育有助于孩子性格的形成。
It’s important to form good habits.
养成良好的习惯很重要。
The Chinese Communist Party was formed in 1921.
中国共产党是1921年成立的。
They formed a class for beginners last year.
去年他们为初学者组织了一个班级。
formn.表格；形式，形状，外形；（健康）状况，精神，心态
Fill in the form,please.请填一下这张表格。
Ice,snow and steam are three forms of water.
冰、雪和水蒸气是水的三种形态。
A dark form could be seen in the distance.
可以看到远处有个黑影。
be in form状况良好；be out of form状态不佳
If she is in form,she can win the match easily.
如果她状态良好的话，能轻松赢得这场比赛。
Smith is out of form and is unlikely to run in the 100-metre race tomorrow.
史密斯身体状况不佳，明天可能不参加100米的比赛。
in the form of以……形式
Cars pollute the air in the form of waste gas.
汽车以废气的形式污染空气。
Their diet contains a lot of fat in the form of butter,cream and chocolate.
他们的饮食含有大量的脂肪，是以黄油、奶油和巧克力的形式摄入的。
2.judge vt.审判，裁决；判断，断定
He will judge the case.
他将审理这个案子。
A blind man can’t judge colours.
盲人不能辨别颜色。
It’s difficult to judge people’s characters.
人的性格很难判断准。
I can’t judge whether you’re right or wrong.
我不能断定你是对还是错。
judge sb./sth.(to be)…认为某人（某事）……
I judged her to be about thirty years old.
我认为她大约三十岁。
We judged the distance to be about four miles.
我们认为这个距离大约是4英里。
judge…by/from…根据……判断
You can’t judge a book by its cover.
你不能根据封面来判断一本书。
You shouldn’t judge a person by what he wears.
你不能以穿着来判断一个人。
Don’t judge a person from his appearance.
不要以貌取人。
judging by/from…“依……来判断”，通常作独立状语。
Judging from what you said,he must be an expert.
以你说的来看，他定是一位专家。
Judging by his look,he doesn’t think much of our local wine.
从他的表情来看，他并不看好我们当地的酒。

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