英语中的省略现象

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在英语中,为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分经常省略,给考生的理解增加了困难。在近几年的NMET中,省略现象十分常见,为帮助考生更好地迎战高考,现对省略现象总结如下:
  一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。
  1. This beeper works well,but that one doesnt (work well).
  这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行。
  2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units,some (of them) (weigh) 235 units,and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.所有的铀原子并非都有相同的原子量。其中有的重234,有的重235,而有的重238。
  二、在when,while,if,as if,though(或although),as,until,once,wheth er,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。
  1. When (water is) pure,water is a colorless liquid.
  水纯净时,是无色的液体。
  2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.
  我困难时总是找她帮助。
  3. Errors,if any,should be corrected.
  如果有什么错误,就应当改正。(if后省略了there are)
  4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning.
  木头燃烧时,它放出很多烟。
  5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.
  这封信留在这里待领。
  6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something.
  亨利向四周环视,似乎在寻找什么。
  7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
  她尽管体弱,但学习仍十分努力。
  三、当见到“when (或if,where,wherever,whenever,as soon as,as fast a s,than等)+possible/necessary等”时,可理解中间省略了it is(或was)。
  1. Answer these questions,if (it is) possible without referring to the book.
  如果有可能,请不看书回答这些问题。
  2. When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something.
  必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。
  四、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。
  1. It seems (或appears) (that) Joe is out,not Jack.
  外出不在的似乎是乔,不是杰克。
  2. It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
  我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。
  3. Its a pity (that) you cant operate a computer.
  很遗憾,你不会操作计算机。
  4. It is the third time (that) I have come to China.
  这是我第三次来中国。
  五、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that。
  1. That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
  那就是我们上周议论的淘气男孩。
  六、在direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距离),time(时间),times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which。
  1. The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
  我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。
  2. The distance (which或that) light travels in one second is 300,000 kilometers.
  光每秒走的距离是30万公里。
  七、以there be开头的句子,其主语的定语从句常可省略关联词,而there be结构作定语从句时,省略作主语的关系代词。
  1. There is a chance Dr. Li will be able to be back for May Day.
  李博士也许有机会能回来过五一节。
  2. We have to make a list of all the books there are on the subject.
  我们必须把所有关于这个题目的书列出一个单子。
  八、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。
  1. Open the door!开门!
  2. Why not?为什么不?
  3. Why so?为什么这样?
  4. Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?
  九、用so,not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义,是NMET的常考项目。
  1.—Can Emily do this work?
  埃米莉能做这件工作吗?
  —I think so.
  我想她行。
  —I think not (或I dont think so).
  我想她不行。
  2.—Did you know anything about it?
  这件事你以前知道吗?
  —Not until you told me.
  你告诉了我,才知道。
  3. He has gone. No one knowsswheres(he has gone).
  他走了,谁也不知道他去什么地方了。
  4. Jenny knows what (is to be done)!
  詹妮有办法!
  十、当用强调句型强调疑问词时,常省略强调句型中的that。
  1. When was it (that) you received his email?
  你收到他的电子邮件是什么时候?
  2. We dont know who it was (that) called the doctor?我们不知道是谁请了医生?〖BJ(0,4,0,2*2〗〖CRTT38,Z,BP#〗〖CRDD38,ZX,BP#〗〖BJ)〗
  十一、某些形容词要求后面接一固定的介词短语,若接一从句,则只用that或疑问词直接引出从句,从而省略原有的介词。
  1. We are certain(省去of)that air is a mixture.
  我们可以肯定,空气是混合物。
  2. She is doubtful (省去about) whether she can complete it in time.
  她怀疑她能否按时完成。
  十二、用to表示前述动词(包括谓语或非谓语动词)及其短语。
  1. You may go online if you like (to) (go online).
  你如果想上网就可以上网。
  2. Nothing can stop the boy from playing video games when he wants to (play).
  当这男孩想玩电子游戏时,没有东西可阻碍他玩。
  十三、在某些动词后含有宾语补语或主语补语的复合结构中省略to be或being的情况。
  1. They found the answer (to be) correct.
  他们发现答案正确。
  2. This conclusion proved (to be) correct.
  这个结论原来是正确的。〖HJ*4/9〗
  十四、新闻标题要求简练醒目,需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分。
  1. Boy 14,rescued from cliff face.
  从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩(A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)。
  2. American President to fly to London.
  美国总统将飞往伦敦(American President is to fly to London.)。
  十五、注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。
  have trouble (in) sleeping难于入睡。
  spend ones evenings (in) reading novels
  把晚上的时间花费在看小说上。
  be busy (in) doing sth.
  (他)忙于做某事。
  They are (of) the same age.
  他们年龄相同。
  There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.
  这件事再向她解释是无用的。
  He is carrying out this experiment (in) the same way as I did yesterday.他使用我昨天采用的方法在做他的实验。
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