句式等义转换面面观
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句式的等义转换，就是另一句话将原句的意思表达出来。这类考题不但灵活性较大，且没有固定模式，因而给做题带来了一定的难度。下面就句式等义转换的常见题型作一归纳介绍。
I. 简单句的转换，即把一个简单句转换成另一个简单句。
1. 利用同义词（组）、近义词（组）代替句中某一部分使原句意思不变。例如：
(1)There is some water in the bottle . ＝There is a little water in the bottle .
(2)I’ve never heard from my sister since 1994.
＝I’ve never got a letter from my sister since 1994.
2. 利用反义词替换原词，使原句意思不变。例如：
Sorry , I’m busy . ＝sorry , I’m not free .
3. 用形容词（副词）的三级进行等义转换。例如：
(1)Li Lei isn’t as old as Lily . ＝Li Lei is younger than Lily .
(2)He is the tallest in his class . ＝He is taller than any other student in his class .
4. 感叹句的相互替代，使原句意思不变。例如：
What a good girl she is ! ＝How good the girl is !
5. 移动间接宾语，使原句意思不变。例如：
(1)His mother bought him a new bike . ＝His mother bought a new bike for him .
(2)Han Meimei gave a book to Lily . ＝Han Meimei gave Lily a book .
6. 动作与状态词的等义转换。例如：
I borrowed the book last Sunday . (强调动作)
＝I have kept the book since last Sunday . (强调状态)
7. 一般陈述句与There be 结构之间的转换。例如：
(1)A wallet is lying on the ground .＝There is a wallet lying on the ground .
(2)We didn’t have any classes yesterday . ＝There were no classes yesterday .
8. 主动、被动语态相互转换，使原句意思不变。例如：
More people outside China learn Chinese . ＝Chinese is learned by more people outside China .
9. 换用另一种表达方式，使原句意思不变。例如：
The rubber goes from one student to another .
＝They pass the rubber from one student to another .
10. 用另一种句型结构替换，使原句意思不变。例如：
(1)These apples are hard to reach . ＝It is hard to reach these apples .
(2)Shall I close the door ? ＝Do you mind if I close the door ?
11. 运用常见的等义句式，使原句意思不变。例如：
It’s time to get up . ＝It’s time for getting up .
II. 并列句、复合句与简单句之间的相互转换。
1. 运用“so…that…”，“too …to…”，“enough to do ”句式进行转换。例如：
(1)The boy is too young , so he can’t go to school .
＝The boy is so young that can’t go to school .
＝The boy is too young to go to school .
＝The boy isn’t old enough to go to school .
注意：在用too…to…结构进行句式转换时，若句子的主语与后面的动词不定式的逻辑主语不一致时，需要给后面的动词不定式补充逻辑主语。例如：
(2)The question was very difficult , so the student can’t answer it .
＝The question was too difficult for the student to answer .
2. 利用“neither …nor …”，“either…or…”，“not only …but also…”和“both…and …”合并两个并列句。例如：
(1)I don’t like dancing . She doesn’t like dancing . either .
＝Neither I more she likes dancing .
注意：当采用“neither…nor…”和“either…or…”合并两个句子的主语时，其谓语形式由靠近它的主语确定。
(2)Jim can speak English , and he can speak French , too .
＝Jim can speak not only (both ) English but also (and) French .
3. 利用before , after 及一些以wh-开头的特殊疑问词加to do 等简化从句。例如：
(1)Lucy hurried to school after she had breakfast quickly .
＝After a quick breakfast , Lucy hurried to school
(2)I didn’t know where I should go .
＝I didn’t know where to go .
4. 用with(without)结构简化句式。例如：
(1) The musician left the rich woman’s house as he said “Good night”to her politely .
＝With a polite “Good night” , the musician left the rich woman’s house .
(2)Han Meimei said nothing and went away .
＝Han Meimei went away without any words (without saying anything ) .
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